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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>MTS DELIVERS VALUE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/639838</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article provides an overview of the value, in terms of balancing economic and environmental concerns, of the U.S. Marine Transportation System (MTS). The MTS, composed of the nation's waterways, ports, and their intermodal connections, is managed by a variety of federal agencies and entities such as the U.S. Maritime Administration (MARAD) and the U.S. Coast Guard. The commercial contribution of the MTS to the nation's GDP is approximately three-fourths of a trillion dollars annually. Conversely, environmental and safety aspects, as well as national security concerns, of the MTS are also extremely important but are more difficult to quantify. The author makes a detailed effort to explain how all components of the MTS are interrelated and must be considered in determining their individual worth to the MTS and to the nation as a whole.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Oct 2004 16:31:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/639838</guid>
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      <title>WATERWAYS MANAGEMENT AND PTP: SAFETY IN THE MARINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/639837</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article deals with challenges facing the U.S. Marine Transportation System (MTS) in the area of waterways management with an emphasis on maritime safety, and highlights the Prevention Through People (PTP) approach. The PTP approach to marine safety focuses on the human and organizational aspects of safety concerns within the MTS. The 5 guiding principles of the PTP approach are listed and described. Other management methods that have bearing on the effective implementation of PTP within waterways management, such as risk-based decision-making and non-regulatory solutions, are also discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Oct 2004 16:31:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/639837</guid>
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      <title>WATERWAYS MANAGEMENT: A NEW COAST GUARD BUSINESS LINE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/639836</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article describes the U.S. Coast Guard's role in providing the lead coordination and facilitation in managing the nation's waterways. This is a complex effort in that the Coast Guard has only part of the federal authority needed to accomplish this goal, as well as the fact that there are many large private, state, and local maritime entities with some stake in the Marine Transportation System. The focus of the article revolves around those aspects of waterways management that can be viewed as new or unique with respect to other duties and responsibilities that have been part of the Coast Guard's statutory mandate for some time. From this perspective, the most unique aspect of the Coast Guard's new role in waterways management involves its business line approach in overseeing commercial shipping and ports. This business line thrust and efforts to fully implement effective waterways management are discussed in detail.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Oct 2004 16:31:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/639836</guid>
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      <title>HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF COAST GUARD WATERWAYS MANAGEMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/639835</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article provides a historical overview of the waterways management efforts of the U.S. Coast Guard. The modern mandate for the Coast Guard's role in management of national waterways is drawn from the 1972 Ports and Waterways Safety Act (PWSA) which expanded the Coast Guard's port security authority to include port safety functions including marine traffic management. Other legislation modifying the PWSA is detailed, as well as the evolution of the administrative facilitation and oversite of waterways management beginning with the establishment of the Coast Guard Office of Marine Environment and Systems and its 1986 merging with the Offices of Marine Safety and Security. The focus of the article is on recent developments, such as the Marine Transportation System (MTS) Initiative and the MTS Task Force recommendations for waterways management. Key follow-on actions currently underway are also listed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Oct 2004 16:31:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/639835</guid>
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      <title>WATERWAYS MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP FOR THE 21ST CENTURY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/639834</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article provides an overview of the U.S. Coast Guard effort to lead in developing a Waterways Management Initiative for the U.S. Dept. of Transportation. The author's definition of waterways management is provided, followed by a description of the U.S. Marine Transportation System (MTS). This is followed by a discussion of the strategic importance of the MTS and the strategic environment which affects waterways management and the MTS. Strategic leadership for effective waterways management in the 21st century from the author's perspective is also discussed. The article includes 2 figures and the text of the MTS Vision Statement drafted by the MTS Task Force.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Oct 2004 16:31:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/639834</guid>
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      <title>INTERNATIONAL PORT SECURITY PROGRAM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/703845</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Due to its international nature, global shipping poses a unique set of challenges to maritime security. Potential acts of maritime terrorism are an international problem that requires an international approach. In an effort to codify and standardize a comprehensive approach to effective, consistent international maritime security, the U.S. Coast Guard worked closely with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in the development of the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code. This article discusses the design and development of the ISPS Code, and the outcome of an information exchange with host governments to learn how these governments are implementing the provisions of the ISPS Code.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Jun 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/703845</guid>
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      <title>COAST GUARD'S OLDEST FUNCTION ENTERS THE 21ST CENTURY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/703843</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Vessel documentation is among the oldest functions of the U.S. government, dating back to the 11th Act of the First Congress in 1789. In the earliest days of the republic, it became clear that a vessel registration system had to be put in place to establish vessels in foreign trade as vessels of the U.S. and to ensure unfettered commerce between the states. More than 200 years later, the reasons for establishing vessel documentation, which are discussed in this article, remain mostly unchanged.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Jun 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/703843</guid>
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      <title>COAST GUARD COMMENCES ENFORCEMENT OF MTSA/ISPS SECURITY PROVISIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/703844</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The continued security of U.S. maritime infrastructure is a major area of concern in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks. Indeed, the attacks underscored the need for increased security efforts including the evaluation, examination, and control of visiting vessels and port facilities with respect to security vulnerabilities and corrective security arrangements and procedures. Along with the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), other Homeland Security agencies and the Department of Transportation's Maritime Administration (MARAD), the U.S. Coast Guard has worked diligently to develop comprehensive national and international vessel and facility security standards. This paper discusses these new standards which are designed to substantially strengthen the security of American ports and waterways while continuing to maintain the free flow of commerce.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Jun 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/703844</guid>
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      <title>TECHNOLOGY IMPROVES NAVIGATION SAFETY, WATERWAYS MANAGEMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/703841</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) Waterways Management Directorate (G-MW) is responsible for 3 well-established programs: Vessel Traffic Management, Navigation Safety, and Great Lakes Pilotage. G-MW has also partnered with the Maritime Administration to lead the Department of Transportation's Marine Transportation System (MTS) initiative. The main aim of the directorate is to manage these programs and coordinate waterways management issues with other USCG offices and organizations outside the USCG that share responsibility for U.S. waterways. The Office of Vessel Traffic Management (G-MWV) provides direction, program oversight, and policy guidance for the nation's Vessel Traffic Services; develops measures of effectiveness; sponsors R&D of new vessel traffic management technology; and represents the U.S. in international forums where vessel traffic management issues and policies are addressed and adopted. This article discusses how the MTS initiative and G-MWV encourage use of modern technology to change the means by which navigation safety is achieved.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Jun 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/703841</guid>
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      <title>HISTORY OF PORT SECURITY WITHIN THE COAST GUARD</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/703842</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The U.S. Coast Guard has played a vital role in port security since the service's formation in 1790. From that time, and especially during the last 60 years, the nation's focus on port security has both grown and diminished, more often than not in flux with the worldwide political climate or single large-scale events. With the rise in terrorist activities in recent years, a current shift has been toward an increase in security. With this new emphasis, the Coast Guard has implemented the High Interest Vessel (HIV) Program, added capabilities such as Maritime Safety and Security Teams (MSST), and initiated new rulemakings for maritime homeland security via mandates from the Transportation Security Act (MTSA) of 2002.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Jun 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/703842</guid>
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      <title>MASS RESCUE OPERATION PROGRAM: PREPARING FOR THE UNTHINKABLE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/700667</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Some of the recent unfortunate events, such as September 11, major airline disasters, and sinking passenger ferries, force us to consider the unthinkable.  This article looks at the Mass Rescue Operation (MRO) program that is part of the emergency planning operation of the U.S. Coast Guard.  Together with the passenger vessel industry, the Coast Guard has established a safety program to work on methods to prevent and mitigate emergencies.  Under the MRO program, safety specialists are developing and holding field exercises that are designed to mimic real life emergencies as closely as possible.  Also, MRO planners are trying to be creative and plan for the unexpected and unthinkable situations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 17 Apr 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/700667</guid>
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      <title>DEFENDING SAFETY: SOUND INSPECTOR PERFORMANCE IS KEY. THE LESSONS OF THE GENERAL SLOCUM DISASTER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/700665</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article reviews the handling of the June 15, 1904 disaster of the fire and sinking of the General Slocum, an excursion vessel that killed more than 1000 people.  The focus of this work is on the failings of the 1904 marine inspection program, citing the Report of the Commission on the disaster that listed the following deductions related to inspection of the vessel: total lack of fire drills, boat drills, and established discipline; total failure of the fire hose; badly defective condition of life preservers; and inefficient inspection of the vehicle.  After reviewing the handling of the General Slocum tragedy, the article recognizes that the Commission Report cited here brought about the following:  presidential directive to improve the process of inspection, maintenance, training, and supervision.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 17 Apr 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/700665</guid>
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      <title>WASHINGTON STATE FERRIES - A CREW ENDURANCE STUDY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/700675</link>
      <description><![CDATA[One of the most notable implementations of the U.S. Coast Guard's Crew Endurance Management (CEM) programs is with the Washington State Ferry (WSF) system in Seattle.  WSF is a 24-hour-a-day, seven-day-a-week operation that employs 1,800-plus crew on 26 vessels serving 10 different routes to transport more than 11 million vehicles and 26 million passengers annually.  Crew endurance is a crew's ability to maintain performance within safety limits while enduring job-related  physiological, psychological, and environmental challenges.  Crew Endurance Management is a system for managing the risk factors that v=can lead to human error and performance degradation in maritime work environments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 17 Apr 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/700675</guid>
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      <title>STACKING THE DECK FOR "H" BOAT SAFETY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/700668</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Title 46 CFR Subchapter H, Parts 70-80 regulates Subchapter H vessels.  "H" vessels are typically ferry boats, gaming vessels, river boats, and excursion and tour boats.   These boats present many distinct marine safety problems because of the potentially high numbers of passengers they often carry.  This article briefly reviews the safety measures that have been established by law in the United States and put in place by governing regulations, as well as the appropriate enforcement of those rules.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 17 Apr 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/700668</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A REVIEW OF LARGE PASSENGER VESSEL CASUALTIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/700670</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article reviews a study that looked at seven types of casualties that occurred from 1992 to 2000.  The casualties included, in the order of frequency: loss of maneuverability; loss of electrical power; allision; grounding; fire; flooding; and collision.  Provided are some examples of each category examined.  Also noted in the report is that the consequences of the vessel casualties were minimal to crew and passengers, and that the vast majority of casualties involve vessel maneuverability.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 17 Apr 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/700670</guid>
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