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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>APPLYING FUNDAMENTALS TO WELD INSPECTION BY ULTRASONIC MEANS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2682</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Considerable time and money can be saved by a thorough analysis of the effects of materials variables on the propagation of ultrasonic energy prior to the application of ultrasonics to weld inspection.  These variables include the materials to be inspected, the types and sizes of defects of interest, the type of weld, the grain size and other metallurgical factors, the location of the defects, and the geometry and dimensions of the specimen. Considering the results of such an analysis in relation to the test specifications of speed and resolution can more readily lead to a satisfactory inspection procedure. Formulas dealing with specific conditions are presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 25 Nov 1971 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>WELD IMPERFECTIONS. IDENTIFICATION AND INTERPRETATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2683</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The effective use of nondestructive testing as a quality assurance measure for weld fabrication requires effective communication between the NDT specialist and the welding engineer.  To facilitate effective communication, it is very helpful, if not mandatory, that NDT personnel have some understanding of types of weld defects, causes relative to welding procedures, processes and materials involved, and their effect on joint integrity.  The characteristic appearance of various types of weld defects and how these defects are formed is discussed in this paper.  The association of defects with materials, processes, and procedures is discussed where applicable.  Various aspects of communication between NDT personnel and welding personnel are explored and the effect of weld defects on weld performance is discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 25 Nov 1971 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>FUNDAMENTALS OF ULTRASONIC WELD INSPECTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2689</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Reliable ultrasonic testing of weldments can be accomplished if the variables affecting the test method are adequately controlled.  To establish this reliability, the inspector must be thoroughly familiar with test parameters.  In this report methods to determine and control test parameters for ultrasonic inspection of weldments are discussed in detail, instrument and transducer calibration standards are described, and defect evaluation standard are discussed and illustrated.  Methods to locate and identify internal defects are presented together with those for reporting test results, and techniques for inspecting different joint configurations are illustrated.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 25 Nov 1971 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2689</guid>
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      <title>IN-SITU MEASUREMENT OF OXYGEN IN WELDS BY NONDESTRUCTIVE NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2690</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The quantitative determination of oxygen in discrete samples of metals or other materials by rapid, nondestructive, neutron activation analysis is now a widely used technique.  With sufficiently large samples and the best of available equipment, oxygen concentrations can be accurately measured down to levels as low as 1ppm.  It is shown that, with similar but somewhat more modest equipment, the same technique can be applied to the in-situ determination of oxygen in welds, down to levels of about 50 ppm.  An intermittent, rather than continuous, procedure is preferred.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 25 Nov 1971 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2690</guid>
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