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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>CRISIS MANAGEMENT: COPING WITH AN EMERGENCY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/395790</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This is a brief look at how the Saint Lawrence Seaway Authority coped with the blowout of 150 feet of the west wall of Lock 7 of the Welland Canal and the consequent Seaway blockage.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/395790</guid>
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      <title>DREDGE BUILDING: SMALL IS BEAUTIFUL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/396228</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the absence of orders for new large dredges, there is fierce competition for what dredger-building contracts do come up, a situation that this article explores.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/396228</guid>
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      <title>POLLUTION AND DREDGERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/396229</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Two important initiatives that have been taken in the continuing debate concerning how severe an environmental problem is posed by dredging spoil are discussed. The first is the adoption of internationally-recognized guidelines on the dumping of dredged material at sea and the incorporation of these guidelines into the London Dumping Convention. The second is the issuance by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers of a study entitled "The Beneficial Uses of Dredged Material," a report intended to focus attention on positive uses for dredged spoil.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>ROVS IN PORTS: REACHING NEW DEPTHS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/396230</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) have largely been used as tools of the offshore oil and gas industry, but with business off in this sector, vehicle manufacturers are looking to expand their markets through other applications. They have increased the intensity of their marketing to ports, promoting the use of ROVs for such port tasks as underwater inspection and the checking of dredging effectiveness.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>ROTTERDAM: A PORT WITHOUT A DREDGER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/397044</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Despite its need to annually dredge between 14 and 20 million cu m of spoil, Rotterdam, which is one of the world's largest and busiest ports, does not own a single dredger. All dredging is, instead, contracted out.  This practice ensures that only the most suitable and up-to-date equipment is used to perform needed work and that the prices agreed to are competitive. The arrangement has been so beneficial that the practice is regarded with great enthusiasm by all port and municipal personnel involved.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/397044</guid>
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      <title>DREDGED MATERIAL IS USEFUL!</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/397205</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The disposal of dredged material can be costly and troublesome, but in the U.S. and the Netherlands, beneficial uses have been developed for even the most polluted materials.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/397205</guid>
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      <title>CHINA: PORT MODERNISATION STILL TOP PRIORITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/397206</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The People's Republic of China has begun its seventh Five-Year Plan, in which port development is given extremely high priority. This article discusses what construction opportunities this might offer to foreign firms and the question of who might benefit from the program.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/397206</guid>
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      <title>PROVIDING THE CORRECT SEA MARK</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/397207</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Every port has the vital responsibility of efficiently using aids to navigation to ensure safe passage within the port. The subject of this article is how ports in developing countries--and particularly in third world countries--are best making their selection of such aids from among the wide range of choices available, some of which are described.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/397207</guid>
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      <title>HALF-PRICE DREDGING ON THE WAY?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/397936</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The capabilities of Volker Stevin's newest dredger, the JETSED, are described. The vessel uses a water injection method that is a complete departure from established dredging methods. It pumps water at high pressure into the spoil to be dredged, creating a suspension that lifts off the bottom and is carried downstream by naturally occurring currents, a working knowledge of which is essential. The consequent elimination of spoil transport costs could mean huge reductions in the cost of maintenance dredging.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/397936</guid>
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      <title>VTS: THE SHARP END OF THE DATABASE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/397937</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) are designed to improve vessel traffic safety and efficiency and to help protect the environment. They accomplish this by disseminating information, advice and instructions.  This article expounds the view that there is a never-ending scope for improvement in the databases, sensors, procedures and software used by such services.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/397937</guid>
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      <title>TACKLING THE CONCRETE CRACK</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/397938</link>
      <description><![CDATA[With the advent of large tankers and the spread of containerization in the 1960s, many ports augmented their facilities with structures that involved the use of reinforced concrete. Evidence is emerging about serious structural and material defects in many of these structures. The causes of the failures are discussed. Chief among these causes is electrochemical attack that corrodes the reinforcement after initial chloride attack by sea water. Ways of dealing with the problem are suggested.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/397938</guid>
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      <title>ROCK REMOVAL: A NEW APPROACH</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/400738</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article is based on a paper on the future of rock dredging that was presented at the 9th International Harbor Congress in Antwerp. It discusses the dramatic growth in the size of rock cutter dredges, and what lies behind speculation regarding the ultimate value of rock cutter dredges that are so large. It attempts to correct misconceptions held by many as to how the cutterhead works, notes certain advantages offered by the backhoe or dipper dredger, and summarizes new developments in drilling and blasting.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/400738</guid>
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      <title>MARITIME CONCRETE: OVERCOMING THE PROBLEMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/400739</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Concrete is seldom the fairly simple material that it once was when it consisted only of water, aggregate and cement. Admixtures (chemicals added at the mixing stage) and other additives are being used regularly.  The repair of underwater concrete structures presents special problems ranging from placement of the mix and possible adverse water conditions to variations in water temperature affecting setting. This article reviews case histories that illustrate some of these problems and shows how they were satisfactorily overcome.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/400739</guid>
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      <title>ACCURACY: DEFINING THE MEANS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/400740</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The latest efforts to improve the cost effectiveness of dredging by improving the accuracy of operations are reviewed. A variety of echo sounders that can improve this accuracy are discussed, including the Bathyscan swathe sounding system, the EM100 multibeam sounder, the Furuno Bottom Mapping Sonar, and the Navitracker system.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/400740</guid>
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      <title>NEW APPLICATIONS FOR POSITION-FIXING DATA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/400741</link>
      <description><![CDATA[New applications for position-fixing data in the port environment are briefly examined. All applications are dependent upon the creation and management of a geographical/spatial database. Charts, plans and maps provide the geographical framework for such a database. The more detailed and variable information is contained in tide tables, sailing directions, port regulations and lists of resources. Typical applications are to pilotage, ferries, SBM mooring, buoy monitoring, reclamation, hydrographic surveys, river surveys and container ports.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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