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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Sabkhs soils mixed with oil lake residues- reuse of a waste material</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/806075</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The work presented in this paper forms part of an experimental project to assess the viability of stabilising Sabkha soils with oil lake residues.The Sabkha soils investigated were from Kuwait.Specimens were prepared by mixing the dry Sabkha soil samples with different percentages of oil residues by weight.The results presented include basic physical properties such as grain size distribution, consistency limits, compaction and permeability.Results indicated that the addition of oil residues improves the performance of Sabkha soils.Maximum dry density increases with the addition of up to 8% oil residues and reduces with more addition.Soil gradations become coarse as the percentage of oil lake residues increases.Permeability and plasticity decreases and plasticity index was slightly affected.For the covering abstract of this conference see ITRD E132435.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Apr 2007 12:32:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/806075</guid>
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      <title>Fibre reinforced waste based artificial soil for grass covered areas subjected to occasional vehicular traffic</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/806074</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research is aimed at investigating the improvement in load bearing characeristics of a waste based artificial soil reinforced with polypropylene fibre.The soil manufactured by mixing Sandstone Quarry Sand (SQS) and Green Waste Compost grassed covered areas subjected to vehicular traffic.A series of laboratory tests, including California Bearing Ratio (CBR), model footing test, and accelerarted pavement testing were undertaken on reinforced and unreinforced artificial soil.Results suggest that the load bearing characteristics of the artificial soil can be greatly improved by reinforcing the soil with polypropylene fibre, under all studied conditions.Results of the model footing tests and accelerated pavement testing suggest that the polyprylene reinforced waste based artificial soil can be used as a top layer in grass covered areas subjected to occasional vehicular traffic.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Apr 2007 12:32:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/806074</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Engineering property evaluation of cement treated soil with tire chips using X-ray CT scanner</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/806073</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of this study is to evaluate both the failure and permeability properties of cement treated soil with tire chips using a micro-focus x-ray CT scanner.The specimens used in this study were cement treated soil both with and without tire chips.First, the effect of fraction of tire chips on the physical properties of cement treated soil is discussed based on the results of CT scanning, considering the density distribution and content of tire chips in the soil.Next, a series of unconfined compression tests was conducted with these specimens, and the failure mechanism was investigated cy CT scanning the specimens during unconfined compression.A series of permeability tests using a triaxial apparatus was also performed with these specimens during the process of unconfined compression, and their permeability change was examined.Based on the results, the engineering properties of cement treated soil with tire chips were evaluated. For the covering abstract of this conference see ITRD E132435.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Apr 2007 12:31:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/806073</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Slag bound mixtures with recycled aggregates for flexible pavements</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/806072</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes a laboratory study on the behaviour and mechanical properties of slag bound mixtures, including usage of recycled aggregates, with a view to assessing their adequacy to serve as base layers in flexible pavement construction.The study addresses the influence of a number of material variables, e.g mixture composition, moisture content and moisture ingress, on the indirect tensile strength properties.The paper then considers the changes to the materials's structural support properties, at the early stages, that occur at different curing durations and briefly asseses the impact of these changes on pavement design.The cyclic triaxial test was conducted to evaluate the resillient modulus, which was used to portray the material's structural support.An attempt was made to depict the non-linear behaviour of slag bound mixtures by expressing their stress dependency characteristics in terms of experimental models, mainly used to describe the behaviour of unbound granular materials.For the covering abstract of this conference see ITRD E132435.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Apr 2007 12:31:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/806072</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Scrap tire chips as a geomaterial to improve seismic performance of structures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/806071</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research attempts to exploit the potential of tire chips as a tool to reduce the earthquake induced load against offshore and coastal structures, and thus improving the seismic performance of such important facilities.An underwater shaking table test was conducted on a gravity type quay wall, behind which a compressible layer of tyre chips was placed as a cushion.The results show that the dynamic earth pressure against the wall could be significantly reduced using the tire chips cushion.In addition, as compared to conventional quay wall with no protective measures, the presence of such sandwiched cushion could reduce the earthquake - induced residual displacement of the quay wall.For the covering abstract of this conference see ITRD E132435.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Apr 2007 12:31:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/806071</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Determination of shear strength parameters of tire chips and grains</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/806070</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Each year a large amount of waste tires enter the environment, causing serious problems.Although some of them may be dumped or used in various case forms, a very feasible aplication of them is in geotechnical projects.For example they may be used as lightweight backfill material behind retaining walls.For such applications, shear strength parameters of tire chips and grains are to be precisely determined. In this paper CD triaxial tests were performed on tire chips and grains.The performed experiments showed that friction angles obtained from tests were consistent with most research work done.Cohesion intercept was also obtained for tire grains.With the shear strength parameters and low unit weights which were obtained for waste tire grains and chips,it is certain that they are lightweight and thus the use of such material as backfill is encouraging.The use of waste tires in engineering projects can reduce environmental impact.For the covering abstract of this conference see ITRD E132435]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Apr 2007 12:31:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/806070</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experimental investigation of compressibility of cohesive soil mixed with waste tire chips</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/806069</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A large number of scrap tires become out of use each year and enter the environment.Dumping of waste tires in landfill sites may not be economically justified.Therefore finding applications for such materials is environmentally sound.This paper presents the results of a series of consolidation tests performed on a cohesive soil mixed with waste tire chips.For the covering abstract of this conference see ITRD E132435.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Apr 2007 12:31:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/806069</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Reuse of refractory bauxite ore waste as aggregate in asphalt concrete paving mixtures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/806068</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents an evaluation of the potential use of a waste produced by exploration of refractory bauxite ore as aggregate in asphalt concrete mixtures.In a first phase, classification tests were accomplished in this waste by means of solubiliization and leaching tests, in order to evaluate the hazard, in long term, of asphalt mixtures with this waste to the environment and to classify the materials/waste. Besides, the waste characterization as aggregate was based on gradation test results, Los Angeles abrasion and Marshall mixture design properties.In a second phase, mechanical property and durability tests were carried out in asphaltic ixtures with the waste.According to the results of environmental and mechanical property tests, it can be concluded that the use of refractory bauxite ore waste (ferruginous waste) is viable to compose the gradation in asphalt concrete.For the covering abstract of this conference see ITRD E132425.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Apr 2007 12:31:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/806068</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Using disused rails for slope stabilisation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/806067</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The use or recycled materials for slope stabilization is increasing.Thi is because such materials have advantages of speed, economy, simplicity and behaviour.The main applications to date have been in temporary works. In this paper a methodology is described for the use of disused rails in slope stabilization.These rails take the form of metallic piles, such as are used in "soil nailing" techniques, the principle of which is that the piles intercept the slip surface of the slope, thus increasing the global resistance of the failure plane.Practical experiences and theoretical approaches for laterally loaded piles have been considered and an assessment has been made of the suitability of existing design methodologies.A new design procedure and appropriate charts have been developed for the use of rails in these circumstances.These are required because of the lack of bending resistance at the joints of these rail systems.For the covering abstracty of this conference see ITRD E132435.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Apr 2007 12:30:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/806067</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Influence of secondary changes of pH value from motorway A 4 Katowice - Krakow side-space on cadmium, lead and zinc concentration</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/806066</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Research carried out in 2004 and 2005 showed the occurence of zone changes of cadmium, lead and zinc contents in soils situated along one of the main motorways in Poland.It was found that high contents of heavy metals existed in soils in the western part of the section examined.Secondary soil alkalization in motorway surroundings was also observed.For the covering abstract of this conference see ITRD E132435.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Apr 2007 12:30:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/806066</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Leaching of chromium, copper and arsenic from utility poles treated with chromated copper arsenate</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/806065</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objectives of this study were to examine leaching of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) from treated timber and to determine the cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH and total organic carbon (TOC) of the contaminated soil samples. A total of 114  surface soil samples were collected around 28 Douglas fir utility poles at distances of 0,0.30, and 0.60m and 3 background samples were collected at a distance of 7.0m from the poles.Also a freshly treated, 1.50m long utility pole section was suspended outside in a large cyclinder to collect runnoff. The Cu:As:Cr (molar) ratios of the average metal contents in the soil samples collected at a distance of 0m and in the runoff from the pole segment, were 100:46:56 and 100:44:57, respectively.For the covering abstract of this conference see ITRD E132435.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Apr 2007 12:30:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/806065</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Sustainability in the context of vibro stone column ground improvement techniques</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/806064</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Natural aggregate resources are not unlimited and their extraction causes increasingly unacceptable geo-environmental impacts. As part of achieving environmental sustainability in ground improvement, there is an increasing desire to utilise recycled aggregates in vibro stone column techniques.Spent railway track ballast and crushed concrete probably have the greatest potential for this application in the UK.However, where such materials are considered for use it is important that they are "fit-for-purpose". Some applications of recycled aggregate in the context of vibro stone columns are presented, including a case history for both spent railway track ballast and crushed concrete. Also presented is an innovative technique for avoiding pollutant linkages via stone columns using "vibro concrete plug" technology.For the covering abstract of this conference see ITRD E132435.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Apr 2007 12:30:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/806064</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bck analysis of crown hole development using numerical techniques</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/806063</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper represents the back analysis of crown holes which developed on a section of the East Coast Main Line East of Edinburgh.A site investigation identified abandoned coal mines beneath the site, the collapse of which were causing the development of the surface instability.A single crown hole identified by the site investigastion was chosen for this study. A representative model of the stratigraphy from borehole records was constructed using a finite difference program.The model was used to carry out a back analysis of the collapse of a single void with the aim of establishing the mechanism of collapse, the size of the underground voids and the reason for the delay of the collapse.For the covering abstract of this conference see ITRD E132435.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Apr 2007 12:30:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/806063</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Application of the cement treated clay with added tire chips to the sealing materials of coastal waste disposal site</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/806062</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper shows the one result of the study on effective recycling method of used tire and dredged clay for civil engineering material or geo-material.The authors conducted in unconfined compression test and tri-axial compression test of the cement treated clay with added tire chips.Then, we found that the cement treated clay was able to have a large toughness capacity by adding tire chips in the volume of about 10 tp 20%.Essentially, very soft clay is able to have a strength and low permeability by adding cement, but its deformation property is more brittle than natural clay.If deformed, it would crack, and its permeability would be changed to high. For the covering abstract of this conference see ITRD E132435.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Apr 2007 12:30:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/806062</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Assessment and remediation of soils contaminated with gasoline</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/806061</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An experimental program was undertaken to evaluate the change in behaviour of soils due to interaction wit gasoline.Locally available soils classified as clay with low plasticity (CL) and poorly graded sand (SP) were used for the study. Laboratories studies were conducted on virgin (uncontaminated) soil samples simulated to varying degrees of contamination (i.e. 3%, 6% and 9% by dry weight of soil) to compare the geotechnical properties before and after contamination.The engineering properties were found to be altered upon contamination.Surfactant (Sodium dedecyl sulphate,  SDS ) enhanced washing was employed to decontaminate the soils.It was observed that the original geotechical properties of soils could be almost restored (percentage variation ranging from 0 to 15) upon decontamination with SDS at optimum dosage.For the covering abstract of this conference see ITRD E132435.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Apr 2007 12:29:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/806061</guid>
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