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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Modeling the Behavior of Traffic Information Providers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1376601</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Two models are used to represent the locational behavior of traffic information providers. The characteristics which make traffic information unique as a service good are discussed and exploited in the models to show how the behavior of information providers might differ from that of firms in a traditional market. Questions are addressed regarding the clustering of competing providers and the efficiency of the resulting output. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the study of the economics of the traffic information industry and of the role of public financing versus private competition.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Dec 2015 09:54:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1376601</guid>
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      <title>A Probabilistic Model and a Software Tool for AVCS Longitudinal Collision/Safety</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1376599</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper develops a probabilistic model and a software tool for analyzing longitudinal collision/safety between two automated vehicles. The input parameters are the length of the gap between the two vehicles, the common speed prior to the failure, the reaction delay of the following vehicle and a bivariate joint distribution of the deceleration rates of the two vehicles. The output includes the probability of a collision and also the probability distribution of the relative speed at collision time. This model was used to compare the safety consequences associated with the platooning and "free-agent" vehicle-following rules. It was found that the free-agent vehicle following rule implemented with a potential technology of fast and accurate emergency deceleration, under some reasonable conditions, can virtually avoid collisions while offering a high freeway capacity previously thought possible only under the platooning rule.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Dec 2015 09:54:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1376599</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A Network Layer for Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1376603</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objective of this paper is to design the network layer of a communication stack to be used in Automated Highway Systems (AHS). The communication model the authors propose allows cars to form private subnets, the configuration of which can change dynamically. Each car be part of multiple subnets and can send broadcast, multicast and point-to-point messages to other vehicles (both on the same subnet and on others, through a routing mechanism). Each subnet is managed by a server: a car that is in charge of accepting/rejecting join requests and of keeping a consistent state within the subnet. Finally the authors propose an AHS addressing scheme and an API implementing the discussed functionality.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Dec 2015 09:54:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1376603</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Evaluation Framework for Commercial Vehicle Responses to Congestion Pricing</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1376602</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this report, a framework for analyzing the impacts of congestion pricing on commercial vehicles is developed based on microeconomics principle and past theoretical studies of congestion pricing. The model can be used to assess the short-run impacts of congestion pricing, as well as other forms of toll roads, on the welfare of commercial vehicle operators. The report starts out by identifying the relationship between value of time and the welfare gain/loss induced by the introduction of congestion pricing on an exiating facility. Under the assumptions employed in this study, which limit the scope to the short-run analysis, the essential information required to use the model are the roadway and vehicle operating charcteristics, toll schedule, and the cumulative distribution for the value of time. Also, the marginal social cost function with respect to traffic volume must be known to analyze the overall impact on the society. The report also explores potential approaches to derive empirical demand and supply functions within a short-run framework.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Dec 2015 09:54:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1376602</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Research and Testing for ITS Deployment and Operation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1376600</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper identifies the elements of a publicly sponsored research and testing (R&T) program that best serves the needs of ITS deployment. Many of these needs derive from the decentralized, diverse, network-system nature of ITS. Relevant R&T should help integrate ITS technologies, data flows, services, organizations and users into effective, coordinated systems that can be tailored to fit diverse local needs. A key theme in an effective R&T program will be the effective generation and application of information, not only for users, but for planners, implementors and operators.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Dec 2015 09:54:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1376600</guid>
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      <title>Individual Vehicle Speed Estimation Using Single Loop Inductive Waveforms</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1376604</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Travel time is the reciprocal of speed and is a useful measure of road congestion and traffic system performance. Travel time is also a basic traffic variable that is used in many Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) strategies such as route guidance, incident detection, and traveler information systems. Previously, speeds were mainly acquired from double inductive loops configured as speed traps, since single loop speed estimates based on assumptions of a constant vehicle length were inaccurate. However, more accurate measurements of speed can now be accomplished with single loops by utilizing inductive waveforms of vehicles that are outputed from newer detector cards. An algorithm using signal processing and statistical methods was developed to extract speeds from inductive waveforms. The results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than conventional single loop estimation methods. The results also show that the algorithm is robust under different traffic conditions and is transferrable across surveillance sites without the need for recalibration. The use of the extensive single loop surveillance infrastructure is a cost-effective way of obtaining more accurate network-wide travel time information.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Dec 2015 09:54:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1376604</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of On-ramp Control Algorithms</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1376605</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Ramp metering, or on-ramp control, is designed to determine a metering rate for each controlled on-ramp based on traffic conditions of part or whole of the corridor. This paper reviews the most popular and theoretically attractive ramp metering algorithms. A classification scheme and a set of evaluation criteria to aid the categorization and qualitative assessment of the selected metering algorithms are developed. Possible improvements and areas for further research are identified.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Dec 2015 09:54:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1376605</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of On-ramp Control Algorithims</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1375479</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A freeway corridor consists of the freeway and its entrance/exit ramps, the cross streets, and adjacent parallel arterial streets. It is designed to provide a generally high level of service (LOS) to users and communities. However, many corridors in the country are congested, with the worst congestion problems usually arising during two peak periods, the morning and evening commute. There are two types of traffic congestion: recurrent and nonrecurrent. Recurrent congestion are due to excessive peak demands and nonrecurrent congestion are due to capacity reduction caused by events such as accidents. The control of a traffic corridor, including freeway system control and arterial street system control, can improve traffic flow and has been demonstrated as an effective mean to increase LOS of a corridor system during peak periods. Ramp metering has been considered a very important component of corridor traffic control. There exists a large number of ramp metering schemes in literature. While some of them were implemented in the real world, most of these algorithms are still awaiting further assessment. This report focuses on the most popular algorithms in terms of their usage.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 03 Dec 2015 09:49:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1375479</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Custom Interface Builder Palettes for Advanced Driver Interface Rapid Prototyping</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1375475</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This manual provides a brief introduction to four classes of software objects. These four object classes represent the beginnings of a software library of virtual interface objects designed to support a rapid prototyping environment for advanced interfaces. These software objects may help decrease interface development time and cost by allowing new interface prototypes to be quickly programmed and evaluated in a computer graphics environment before actual physical prototypes are constructed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 03 Dec 2015 09:48:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1375475</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The Economics of Traffic Information: A State-of-the-Art Report</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1375750</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This working paper is a preliminary review of the state of the art in the study of the economics of traffic information. The focus is on the different methods used to model the decision process of drivers in a traffic system, and on the effect of traffic information on this process. In addition, the review includes the characterization of information in terms of content and accuracy. The purpose is to develop an understanding of the market for different types of traffic information. The paper also includes some preliminary models that can be used to model the demand and supply of traffic information, including its temporal and spatial characteristics.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 03 Dec 2015 09:48:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1375750</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>BTS (Version 1.1) - Bottleneck Traffic Simulator User's Manual</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1375471</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Bottleneck Traffic Simulator (BTS) is a macroscopic tool for simulating the performance of freeway bottlenecks as traffic volume and freeway performance change. BTS can be used to measure the travel time benefits of changes in roadway design through addition of capacity, increase in travel speed, or improvement in roadway reliability. BTS has several unique features and BTS Version 1.1 contains several enhancements over Version 1.0. This user's manual presents the theory behind BTS and how to operate BTS. The new version of BTS can be used to evaluate a variety of changes in highway design but cannot evaluate highway performance on a network basis.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 03 Dec 2015 09:48:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1375471</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Collecting Road Traffic Data Using ALOHA Mobile Radio Channel</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1375482</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report proposes a spectrum efficient solution for transmitting link travel times from probe vehicles to a central infrastructure. The performance of a mobile radio system with uncoordinated transmissions is studied analytically. The average number of new updates per minute and the expected time lapsed since the latest update of the road traffic situation in a particular street section is obtained. Results show that in an urban environment, a single (cellular) radio channel has sufficient capacity if receivers are located every 5 to 10 km.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 03 Dec 2015 09:48:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1375482</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Models of Commuters' Information Use and Route Choice: Initial Results Based on a Southern California Commuter Route Choice Survey</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1375477</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents a statistical analysis of commuters' route choice behavior and the influence of traffic information based on a 1992 survey of Los Angeles area morning commuters. Cross tabulations were performed on the data to explore interrelationships among variables and provide a basis for subsequent model estimation. The results indicate the potential benefit of an information system that would make more commuters aware of alternative routes. Surface streets are heavily used as secondary routes, indicating how frequently diversion of traffic to surface arterials is already occurring, perhaps in an inefficient way. Real-time, in-vehicle route guidance may provide access to more efficient secondary routes. Two sets of models were estimated: bivariate probit models of whether individuals follow the same route to work everyday and whether they receive traffic information pre-trip or en-route), and negative binomial models of the frequency of route changes per month based on pre-trip and en-route traffic reports. The estimation results underscore the important relationship between the use of traffic information and the propensity to change routes. In addition, important relationships are uncovered relating the influence that commuters' socioeconomic characteristics and the level of traffic congestion they face have on traffic information use and route change frequency. The results' important implications for advanced traveler information system (ATIS) development are discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 03 Dec 2015 09:48:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1375477</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluating the Impact of ITS on Personalized Public Transit</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1375478</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The focus of this project is to study alternative system architectures and ITS technologies that can improve the efficiency of personalized public transit and demand responsive systems such as paratransit. This report reviews available and emerging ITS technologies that have been deployed or are being considered for this industry. A survey of commercially available computer aided dispatching software was conducted. The numerous features offered by these software packages are listed. Also included is a statistical analysis of travel patterns of a paratransit provider in Los Angeles County. This data analysis will form the basis for the testbed in the second phase of the project. The second phase will compare the performance of a strictly curb-to-curb system with a hybrid system that is a mixture of curb-to-curb and fixed route.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 03 Dec 2015 09:48:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1375478</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Link-Based Variational Inequality Model for Dynamic Departure Time/Route
</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1168689</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The dynamic user-optimal (DUO) departure time and route choice problem is to determine travelers' best departure times and route choices at each instant of time.  In a previous paper, the authors presented a route-based two-level optimal control model for the DUO departure time/route choice problem. However, this model is not appropriate for large scale transportation networks because some degree of route enumeration is necessary to solve the model. In this paper, the authors present a link-based variational inequality (VI) formulation for the DUO departure time/route choice problem so that route enumeration can be avoided in both the formulation and the solution procedure. The model extends the previous VI model for the DUO route choice problem to the case where both departure time and route over a general road network must be chosen simultaneously. By proving the necessity and sufficiency of this VI, the authors establish the equivalence of the VI formulation and the link-based DUO departure time/route choice conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Aug 2012 19:52:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1168689</guid>
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