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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>DETERMINATION OF DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS FORMED DURING WELDING ON PAINTED STEEL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/52244</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The work involved in the project was carried out at Farg AB International and ESAB between July 1973 and November 1974. The object was to find a suitable method of determining the air impurities formed when welding shop-primer-coated steels.  The tests were carried out with five different manual welding electrodes with deposition rates ranging from 125% to 240%, using different combinations of electrodes and primers.  Unalloyed steel plates type SIS 14 13 12, 250 x 50 x 12 mm were used, sandblasted to a degree of accuracy of Sa 2 1/2.  Shop primer was applied to both sides of the plates, with a dry-film thickness of 25-30 millimicron for four of the primers used.  For iron-oxide pigmented shop primers based on epoxy resin a dry-film thickness of 30-35 millimicron was applied.  A high-pressure spray gun was used for applying the primer and drying time, prior to welding, lasted for over a month.  The welding and sampling equipment is described and the results presented in a series of tables.  It was shown that the presence of a coating of dry-film thickness of approximately 30 mm considerably increases the amount of solid particles when welding in ship primers with a high zinc content.  When using other types of primers, this increase is insignificant, and the fume-extraction equipment used should be sufficiently effective.  The zinc tetraoxy-chromate present in most shop primers as a rust inhibitor need not be taken into consideration.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 May 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/52244</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>PUBLIC TRANSPORT SUPPLY IN INDIAN CITIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/174598</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report presents a review of public transport supply in Indian cities.  It is one of a series which presents the findings of the joint research project carried out over a two year period by the Indian Association of State Road Transport Undertakings (ASRTU) and the Transport and Road Research Laboratory (TRRL).  Sources of information used were data published by the ASRTU and various transport undertakings together with results of surveys carried out in a number of cities. Comparisons are made of supply levels and output of the different modes involved in public transport.  Some observations are made on efficiency of operations and on the effects of operating environment. (A) (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 May 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/174598</guid>
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      <title>CLADDING OF RAIL TRACK MATERIALS AT SWEDISH RAILWAYS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/174595</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An objective investigation was carried out by Swedish Railways to examine the possibilities of cladding track materials. Investigations were concentrated on developing methods which could be reproduced by the welders under various outdoor climate conditions and without close supervision of the procedure. For cladding stainless materials, methods affording the highest possible welding rate were tested, a degree of martensite formation in the transition zone being acceptable. In developing a method of cladding switch blades, the main requirement was to prevent undesirable effects in the fusion and transition zones, in addition to which the weld metal was required to be impervious to cracking or flaking.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 28 Apr 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/174595</guid>
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      <title>HARDFACING WELD METALS AND THEIR RESISTANCE TO WEAR</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/85178</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This is a description of laboratory tests carried out on general hardfacing and build-up filler metals.  These tests were carried out on behalf of ESAB's development laboratory by Technological Institutions and industry with established testing techniques.  A comparison has been made between the different alloys as regards their ability to withstand wear from metal and/or minerals.  Testing for metal to metal wear was done with equipment in which stationary specimens were pressed against a rotating rig under controlled conditions. Material tested consisted of weld metal deposited by handwelding electrodes, many of which are included in the ESAB Selectrode programme.  Some less well known electrodes were also used in order to study the influence of weld metal composition.  Table 1 lists the materials used. These are arranged according to their degree of alloying and type of structure.  Also listed is the type of wear to which the various weld metals were subjected.  The choice was based on the primary field of application of the electrode: Appendix 1 gives the weld metal structures whereas appendix 2 presents a summary of the electrodes tested and their application.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 14 Mar 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/85178</guid>
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      <title>THE ARCTIC</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/72454</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The M/V Arctic is building at Port Weller Dry Docks St. Catharine's Ontario and goes on trial in the early months of this year is specifically designed as an Arctic Class 2 vessel and totally satisfies the legislation for operating in Arctic waters set out in the Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act.  This ice-breaking bulk carrier, will operate both commercially and experimentally.  Firstly, it will be used to carry zinc bearing ore from Cornwallis Island north of 75 degrees N, and secondly, to be used to study the feasibility of introducing vessels of a similar design to carry out more ore along with oil and gas from the Arctic in the future.  The article provides a description of the hull strengthening for ice operations and the automatic welding machines and techniques used.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Apr 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/72454</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE PROBLEMS OF FUMES IN WELDING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/72455</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper was presented at the Canadian Welding Society's Seminar on Health and Safety.  This lecture has in part been previously presented in issues of Svetsaren (Nos. 3/74 and 1/77).  However constant discussion and development is occurring in the field of environmental problems of fumes in welding.  Therefore a presentation of this lecture using the originally prepared paper and slides will no doubt prove interesting reading to welding engineers, welders and last but not least students of welding in the engineering and shipbuilding industries.  The paper deals with fume generation, classification, application of standards, choice of electrodes and selection of the appropriate type fume extraction unit.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Apr 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/72455</guid>
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      <title>PROBLEMS AT INSPECTION OF OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/60414</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article reviews the casualty statistics for jack-ups, semisubs and merchant vessels, and summarizes the development of fixed offshore platforms.  The construction and inspection of steel structures are dealt with in detail, steel characteristics are listed.  Welding and test methods are then described, and inspection of existing structures and of damaged structures is discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Jan 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/60414</guid>
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      <title>ARC WELDING SURFACING TECHNIQUES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/60030</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Weld surfacing is a process in which a metal is deposited on the surface of a base metal to either build it up to the dimensions required or to impart special surface properties such as resistance to wear, abrasion, impact or corrosion. It can be used in maintenance and repair applications to reclaim worn parts or it can be used as part of the production process in the manufacture of new articles.  In both cases the primary object is to save money and materials, and what started out as a process for making an emergency repair until a new part could be obtained, is today an economic necessity in view of the fact that many of the materials involved are expensive and in short supply. The purpose of this article is to give a general introduction to the subject of weld surfacing by the arc welding processes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 23 Nov 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/60030</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>SCANDINAVIAN IMPLANT TESTING PROJECT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/53018</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article presents results of a joint effort of the four Scandinavian countries in the development of a system of testing the resistance of welds to cracking by using the implant test method.  The results provide a basis for optimum selection of steel, welding technique, weld filler metals, and operational conditions in welding.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Oct 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/53018</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ENVIRONMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/58814</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Fumes caused by welding with coated electrodes or by welding metal covered by shop primer have become a great environmental problem in many welding shops.  This lecture discusses the problem of the development of fumes during welding with non-alloyed, coated electrodes.  Welding fumes consist of fine, solid particles of a complex, chemical composition.  The National Swedish Board of Industrial Safety has issued hygienic threshold values for most of the welding fume components, which may not be exceeded where welding is carried out. In principle, the hygienic threshold value of a specific substance stipulates the highest fume concentration, to which a person may be exposed during his entire span of employment, without risk of injury to his health.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 28 Sep 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/58814</guid>
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      <title>TANDEM AND MULTI-WIRE WELDING IN SHIPBUILDING AND LINE PIPE PRODUCTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/65797</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper which deals with submerged arc welding with two and three electrodes, the author has attempted to explain and expand upon the expression "heat input".  Heat input determinations not only facilitate experimental and practical work on the development side of submerged-arc welding, but they can also with advantage be used for other processes, the welding characteristics and metallurgical properties of which are being investigated, e.g. manual metal-arc welding.  As regards multi-wire welding, the electrical connection systems are of importance for the stability and practical functions of the welding process. A summary of experimental results and recommendations is given.  The above aspects are illustrated by examples taken from shipbuilding and line pipe production.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 15 Dec 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/65797</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>JOINING AND HARDFACING OF RAILS, POINTS AND CROSSINGS USING MANUAL METAL-ARC WELDING ON THE SWEDISH RAILWAYS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/24815</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Since 1967, the Swedish State Railways track office and the ESAB Central Research Laboratories has been developing a suitable technique and filler materials for rail welding. The first task was to reduce maintenance costs for track material by hard surfacing and joining of rail ends and crossings and later also points.  The second phase was to further develop a technique and a backing material for the joining of rails by means of manual mold welding.  The aim was to obtain such high quality in welds that the technique would be approved without any limitations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Dec 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/24815</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE NOTCH TOUGHNESS OF WELD METAL FROM FLUX FILLED TUBULAR ELECTRODES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/44937</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The advantages of arc welding with bare wires and CO2 shielding gas are well known.  The process has, however, certain limitations: The weld surface is not always smooth and even.  The bead reinforcement is often excessive, and too convex.  In the case of both butt and fillet welds, a notch effect and thus stress concentrations will be produced, representing a considerable hazard under dynamic load conditions.  There is relatively excessive spatter, which either spoils the appearance or is removed at some expense.  In the course of automatic welding, continuous cleaning of the nozzle will impair production continuity. The Charpy V impact strength of the weld metal, at low temperature, depends to a significant degree on the welding parameters.  Unfavourable welding parameters can equally well produce welds of high brittle fracture susceptibility.  In order to eliminate the above disadvantages, while maintaining the advantages of CO2 shielded welding, flux-cored wires with CO2 gas shielding have been developed.  However, there is less data available about the brittle fracture behavior of such weld metals, particularly at low temperature, and also the effect of welding parameters, including the number of passes.  For this reason, the notch toughness of weld metals produced using different parameters by means of CO2 shielded flux-cored wires was studied.  The most favourable welding properties and weld metal toughness may be obtained with both the 15-10 and 15-18 Tubular electrody types, by applying 2- or 3-pass weld metals with a 250 to 350 Amp. current.  Single-pass weld metals are less advantageous because of their dendritic and anisotropic texture, while the 4- or 5-pass welds are similarly less favorable since slag removal is rather difficult at the welding settings used.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 14 May 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/44937</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CLOSING THE GAP</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/36038</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Describes in detail the technique and methods used to align and weld the two separately launched halves of the 1130 foot tanker Nordic Clansman built by Scott-Lithgow of Scotland.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Feb 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/36038</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE WELDABILITY CONCEPT AND WELDABILITY TESTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/5237</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The weldability of steel is a matter of technical knowledge and hand skills.  In this state of the art review the known technical facts and practices in various countries are compared with the requirements of the various classification societies.  This shows that weldability for rather similar steels can be judged quite differently by welding experts in different countries.  Finally, some different weldability tests are described and a summary given of what information of value can be obtained from them.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 29 Sep 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/5237</guid>
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