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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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    <item>
      <title>SAFETY OF CYCLISTS IN URBAN AREAS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/409606</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In 1991 the Danish police recorded a total of 10.871 casualties (killed and injured road users). In urban areas there were recorded a total number of 6.229 casualties. Among these were 2.083 cyclists, corrsponding to 33 percent. During 1988 to 1990 the number of killed cyclists in urban areas increased from 55 to 73 per year and the number of injured cyclists in urban areas has increased from 2159 to 2268 per year. The same tendency can be found in rural areas. About 85 percent of all cyclist casualties happen in urban areas and among these about 2/3 happen in intersections. In 1988 the cyclists account for 8 percent of the total person mileage. In the Danish government's transport plan, an increase in the cyclists person mileage from 6 billion kilometers in 1988 to 8 billion in 2030, is expected.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Sep 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/409606</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>CONCRETE RESEARCH OVERVIEW</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/412922</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The SHRP has completed a program of research dealing with highway concrete that has produced new tools for designing portland cement concrete mixes, placement temperature advice, and procedures for diagnosing problems with concrete field performance. In addition to rapid and positive screening tests for aggregates, procedures for designing mixes that are safe from alkali-silica reactivity (ASR) and resistant to damage by freezing and thawing were developed in the durability investigations. An expert system for concrete durability has been developed that will assist highway engineers in making decisions related to the diagnosis, material selection, and repair or rehabilitation of concrete pavements and structures. The research has also produced new guidelines for high performance concretes and their uses in highway applications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Sep 2001 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/412922</guid>
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      <title>MONITORING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEM: CASE OF THE NOIRMOUTIER BRIDGE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/412929</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A cathodic protection system was designed and installed on the Noirmoutier Bridge in France, a reinforced concrete structure over a small pass on the Atlantic Ocean. The design and the installation of the system have met the requirements of the new French standard for cathodic protection of steel in atmospheric concrete. It means that the main effectiveness criterion is the rebar potential under cathodic protection. The initial protection current 1 was determined by using a Elogl polarization plot: this procedure makes it possible to check that the system had been correctly designed and to detect possible shorts in the electrical circuit. Then, after a six month operation, the rebar potential was maintained at level a little lower than -850 mVcse.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Oct 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/412929</guid>
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      <title>REMOVING OF CHLORIDES BY MEANS OF AN IMPRESSED CURRENT, DURABILITY ACTION TESTING OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES IN STOCKHOLM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/412930</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The problem of durability for large concrete structures became a matter of real concern about 10 years ago in Sweden. Corrosion of steel reinforcement and the freezing-thawing cycle was often the cause of structure deterioration. Removing of salt from concrete by means of an electric force has been introduced as a way to reduce damage due to high chloride content. Investigations, laboratory as well as field tests show a certain reduction of chloride content but they show too the necessity of further research before the method is ready for use in a more broad practice. Several structures in Stockholm have in a test program been used in this project by the Stockholm Consulting - Materials Testing Laboratory. This paper describes a number of cases, the methods used, experiences and conclusions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Oct 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/412930</guid>
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      <title>IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF HEAVY DUTY ASPHALTIC CONCRETE PAVEMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/412931</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper reports on a section of heavy duty pavement constructed in Victoria, Australia in 1991/1992 using an innovative approach to design and materials. The section is part of the SHRP organized Long Term Pavement Performance perform. The two features of the design were the uses of HSMA (High Stiffness Modulus Asphalt) in the intermediate layers of the full depth asphalt pavement to increase stiffness and also the use of a binder rich fatigue layer at the bottom. Total thickness of the asphaltic layers was 230 mm. HSMA typically uses a large size mix (28 mm) and a bituminous binder with viscosity greater than 400 Pa. s at 60 degrees C (penetration less than 50 units at 25 degrees C). An estimated life improvement of 30 percent results when the HSMA replaces conventional asphalt (top size of 20 mm) in the intermediate layer.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Oct 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/412931</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>ADHESION OF METALLIZED ZINC COATINGS ON CONCRETE: "PART 2"</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/412615</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Corrosion of the steel reinforcement in bridges is being increasingly mitigated by the technique called cathodic protection. One cathodic protection system which has recently gained a lot of attention uses thermally sprayed zinc as the anode. The present paper discusses factors which have been found to affect the adhesion of metallized zinc on concrete. The cohesive strength of the concrete, its moisture content and surface temperature during the metallizing, and the way it was grit blasted all affect the adhesion of arc sprayed zinc on concrete. Minimizing the spray thickness per pass also improves the adhesion of the arc sprayed zinc coating.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 02 Oct 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/412615</guid>
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      <title>DURABILITY AND REPAIR OF CONCRETE ROAD STRUCTURES IN THE NETHERLANDS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/412925</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper discusses results of various investigations into reinforcement corrosion due to penetration of deicing salts into concrete. The outstanding performance of composite cements, especially blast furnace slag cement, both with respect to chloride penetration and corrosion progress is shown. The results of an investigation into the critical chloride corrosion concentration are presented and the importance of various parameters is highlighted, not only with respect to the time to corrosion but also to the rate of corrosion. Effects of changes in the type of road pavement on concrete performance, such as the use of noise reducing black tops of very open asphalt, are considered. Various possibilities to warrant the durability of bridge decks with a very open asphalt wearing layer are discussed, notably those for which specific know-how has been developed in the Netherlands.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 02 Oct 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/412925</guid>
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      <title>CATHODIC CORROSION PREVENTION-CCP AND MOISTURE REDUCTION BY IMPREGNATION. REPORTS AND EVALUATIONS OF SWEDISH CONCRETE STRUCTURES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/412926</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In Sweden the damage of large concrete structures, often originating from corrosion of the steel reinforced cement and the freezing-thawing cycles, became a matter of real concern about 10 years ago. It was also obvious that the calculated lifetime for a number of structures had to be reconsidered, or repair and durability actions soon would have to be undertaken. An essential cause of the problem was often defined to be the chloride and/or water content of the structure. This paper describes cases in Sweden, the different systems and methods used, experiences and conclusions of the efforts made in this area by The Swedish National Road Administration and Stockholm Consulting-Materials Testing Laboratory.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 02 Oct 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/412926</guid>
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      <title>CATHODIC PROTECTION OF STEEL IN CONCRETE. A SYSTEM FOR THE FUTURE IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY - STANDARDIZED AND SPECIFIED FOR SPECIFIC STRUCTURES AND ENVIRONMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/412927</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The advantage of cathodic protection is the relatively simple principle and easy calculation methods for design. Its use in the protection of reinforced concrete structures has been in place for only about 15 years. This is surprising since several other systems and materials used in this field have not been used for as long a time. This paper describes the different techniques and materials for use in cathodic protection systems, a state of the art review and the work going on in Europe.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 02 Oct 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/412927</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CHLORIDE REMOVAL FROM A REINFORCED CONCRETE QUAY WALL - LABORATORY TESTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/412928</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A laboratory investigation was executed of electrochemical chloride removal (desalination) from cores taken from the splash zone of an eight-year-old reinforced concrete quay wall on the North Sea coast. The concrete was made with Blast Furnace Slag Cement according to Rijkswaterstaat specifications. The reinforcement in eight cores was cathodically polarized with saturated lime or sodium carbonate electrolyte and activated titanium mesh anodes at current densities of 0.6 to 4 A/square meters of steel surface for 3 to 6 weeks. During the treatment the electrical resistance was measured. The results show that significant but different amounts of chloride had been removed from the cores, depending on the electrolyte type and the total amount of charge that was passed. Using saturated lime, more chloride was extracted than using sodium carbonate. The electrical resistance was found to decrease strongly when sodium carbonate was used as electrolyte. Major pore solution composition changes due to the electrolysis were found.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 02 Oct 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/412928</guid>
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      <title>LONG TERM PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE IN SEASONAL FROST AREAS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/412915</link>
      <description><![CDATA[One of the primary goals of the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) is to collect and evaluate data that will influence revisions to current design guides. To help achieve this goal, a twenty-year Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program was established. Six LTPP sites have been identified in the State of Vermont. In addition, the Vermont Agency of Transportation (VAOT) has selected two other sites for its study. The test locations all differ in traffic loading, pavement structure, and subgrade conditions. Three of the LTPP sites and both of the VAOT sites have been instrumented with moisture and temperature sensors. Groundwater wells, weigh-in-motion (WIM), and weather monitoring stations were also installed at these sites. This paper presents the type of instrumentation used and some of the data currently available from these test sites.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Sep 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/412915</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF OVERLAID FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS FOR EFFICIENT MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/412916</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Sep 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/412916</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF OVERLAID FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS FOR EFFICIENT MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/412917</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this study, an effort has been made to analyze the data of certain overlaid flexible pavements to assess the performance variation of different influencing parameters with time. The influencing parameters considered in this study are deflection (predicting the structural condition), rutting and cracking (predicting the functional condition) and the availability of resources for the choice of the type and thicknesses of materials for overlays (predicting the maintenance cost). The models developed here are found to be capable for predicting life of an overlay with a fair degree of accuracy. The maintenance decisions can be taken, keeping in view the influence of any one or more of the parameters which reach their maximum acceptable limits first. The choice of materials for an overlay can be made on the basis of economic considerations without sacrificing the safety of the road structure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Sep 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/412917</guid>
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      <title>HIGHLIGHTS OF SHRP HIGHWAY OPERATIONS RESEARCH</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/412918</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Two major elements of highway operations were investigated in the SHRP Highway Operations research program: pavement maintenance effectiveness and snow and ice control. In the pavement maintenance effectiveness area, three types of products were developed. Cost-effectiveness studies evaluated the effectiveness and cost of alternative methods, materials, and equipment for preventive pavement maintenance and for pavement surface repair under a range of climate and load conditions. Secondly, engineering guidelines were developed for selecting the most effective materials, processes, and equipment for preventive maintenance and for pavement surface repair. Lastly, new equipment was developed and fabricated for pavement condition measurement and for automatic/robotic pavement repair.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Sep 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/412918</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RATING APPLICATION OF PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE TREATMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/412919</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) project H-101, Pavement Maintenance Effectiveness, was conducted to determine the cost-effectiveness of selected preventive maintenance treatments for pavements. Six specific maintenance treatments were selected by a panel of pavement engineers to be studied. For flexible pavements, these include: crack sealing, chip seals, slurry seals, and thin overlays. For rigid pavements, treatments include: crack and joint sealing, and undersealing. This discussion primarily addresses treatments applied to flexible pavements.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Sep 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/412919</guid>
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