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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>SHIP DAMAGES AND THE COUNTERPLANS TO PROTECT SHIPS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/160950</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper reviews the statistics of the hull damages found on ships classed with Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (NK).  It examines the features of such damages on each type of ship. Measures for preventing damages are considered from the viewpoint of ship maintenance.  In the light of the fact that various sorts of damage are increasing in proportion to ships' age and also that most damages--such as cracks, deformations, bucklings in the structures--to ships in service are caused as result of wear and tear of the structural members, it appears that corrosion is a primary cause of all sorts of damages to the structures of ships in service.  It is suggested that more care than ever be paid to protection from corrosion in order to prevent damages and permit operation of ships in a safe and efficient condition.  This would also protect the shipowners from the economic consequences of possible detention of a ship by the port authorities as a substandard ship.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 18 Feb 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/160950</guid>
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      <title>HULL CLEANING AND PROPELLER POLISHING RETURNS GOOD SAVINGS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/390843</link>
      <description><![CDATA[ not available]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/390843</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>REDUCING FUEL BY OPTIMUM TRIM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/391370</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A method has been developed for working out the trim optimization of existing vessels and newbuildings. It has been used on over 25 ships during the past few years, with consequent reduction of 4 to 5 per cent in fuel consumption.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/391370</guid>
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      <title>AERODYNAMIC WINGSAIL FOR UK-BASED BULK CARRIER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/391399</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A wind auxiliary propulsion unit planned for installation on the MV ASHINGTON, a 6,500 dwt bulk carrier, is described. The sailset, consisting of an extremely stiff and strong central panel flanked by two identical but lighter lateral panels, will give 6.5 tons of thrust at wind speeds as low as 33 knots.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/391399</guid>
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      <title>IN-WATER MAINTENANCE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/394166</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As drydocking intervals become longer, the need for suitable in- water maintenance becomes essential. The five brief articles in this feature deal with new developments in the field.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/394166</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>DIESELCARE--FUEL ECONOMY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/394211</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Vasa 46 engine, introduced by Wartsila Diesel, features a number of completely new and innovative features in key areas of the diesel process. Chief among these is the Twin Injection system, a new fuel injection concept. This article explains the thinking behind the concept.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/394211</guid>
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      <title>THE SELF-DOCKING ASPECT OF FLOATING DRY DOCKS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/394615</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Box-type docks, self-docking pontoon docks (Renie docks) and box- type docks with extra lifting pontoons are illustrated and compared.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/394615</guid>
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      <title>UNDERWATER MAINTENANCE--INCREASING USE WITH ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/395212</link>
      <description><![CDATA[With advances in underwater technology, an increasing scope of work can be carried out without a need for drydocking. Apart from regular hull cleaning and propeller polishing, this scope now includes underwater surveys and hull condition monitoring. Recent product developments in the field are highlighted in this feature, whose articles are titled:  Complete Package from Hydrex; Cost Effective System from KD Offshore; Metalock Use Ship's Own Engine to Tighten Propeller Nut; Hydrospace Move Forward with In-water Surveys; Pampering to Smoother Bottoms; Television in Underwater Maintenance; Underwater Coating System; and Scamp Revitalizes Worldwide Network.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/395212</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LOW BUNKER PRICES--THE IMPACT ON SHIPPING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/395567</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The bulk shipping market is in a state of transition owing to the disequilibrium of many of the major economic variables that influence the tanker and dry bulk sectors. One such factor is crude oil prices, and others are the value of the U.S. dollar, world interest rates and the course of world inflation. The effects of all those factors on bulk shipping are examined.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/395567</guid>
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      <title>SHIPREPAIR YARD EQUIPMENT: HOW MODERN TECHNOLOGY CAN AFFECT THE SHIPREPAIRER TODAY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/395568</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Ship repairing is no longer as labor intensive as it was and ships are in dock for much shorter periods. Savings are attributable to changes in dock design; to equipment developed or adapted for ship repair work; to the growing acceptance by the labor force of up-to- date work practices; and to such factors as a continuous survey of machinery and equipment.  Aspects relating to facility design and equipment are discussed, including dock fender systems, hull corrosion removal, cleanup following abrasive blasting, scaffolding, lighting, inspections and inspection services.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/395568</guid>
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      <title>JOTUN MOVES TOWARD THE MAINTENANCE FREE SHIP</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/395569</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A glassflake-reinforced protective coating, called Marathon, is said by its manufacturer, Jotun Marine Coatings, to give protection against seawater, acids, alkalis and abrasion for at least five years. In its development, the aim was a maintenance-free ship. It can be used throughout a ship, including bottom, topsides, deck and cargo holds. The Marathon system involves a high initial investment for the shipowner, but Jotun claims that material costs begin to compare favorably with other systems after 7 1/2 years.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/395569</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>THE UNNECESSARY LEVEL OF RISK</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/395730</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Fuel Oil Bunker Analysis and Advisory Service (FOBAS) established at Lloyd's Register of Shipping, London, in 1983 is described. The service entails sampling by shipboard personnel of bunkers delivered; transfer in a sealed container to a laboratory in the U.K.; analysis of the sample; interpretation of the results by engineer surveyors; and consequent advice on the fuel characteristics, on averting any damage that the fuel might have the potential to cause, and on obtaining the highest operating efficiency possible with the given delivery. The laboratory results include analyses of viscosity ash, trace elements, existent total sediment and potential total sediment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/395730</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>THE USE OF COMPUTERS AT SEA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/396477</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The five short articles comprising this feature are entitled "Computers for Voyage Estimating," describing the Crockett Voyage Estimator program; "The Importance of Communication," describing the British Maritime Technology/Isherwood SMS system for 24-hour-a-day data communications between a ship and its shore offices; "Internal Conditions Detected by Computers," which tells about a computerized tube inspection system available from Wells Krautkramer; "Protecting Shipboard Computers," about power-line protection; and "New Weld Inspection Computer," describing the COMRAD (COMputer for RADiographers) system that ensures that weld radiography is carried out in accordance with the appropriate standard.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/396477</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>POWDER FLAME SPRAYING DEVELOPMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/396647</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A powder flame spraying torch introduced by Stubs Welding Ltd, Warrington, England, is described. The torch is claimed to be capable of providing a wider range of protective coatings than any device of its type. It can be used to apply metals, ceramics, metal carbides and plastics. The torch is also totally proofed against flame flashback.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/396647</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>LAUNCH OF UNIQUE ANTI-SLIP DECK COATING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/397020</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A product called Epok Treadlite, an antislip deck coating developed by Mebon Paints Ltd., is descibed. It can be applied by roller to oily, damp or rusted surfaces after only minimal surface preparation and can be effectively used even in areas where traditional standards of surface preparation are impractical. These include areas characterized by spark hazard, limited access or possible equipment damage.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/397020</guid>
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