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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>DEVELOPMENT OF FRONT-END STRUCTURE WITH ENERGY-ABSORBING DEVICE. (TUBE-EXPANDING CONSTRUCTION)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/52857</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Nissan ESV, E2, was intended to achieve occupant protection in an 80 km/h frontal barrier collision solely through use of a belt system.  To meet this goal a broach was developed as a new energy-absorbing unit, with outstanding performance and ease of control.  With the application of this contrivance, a front-end structure with such broaches was constructed.  The E2 model vehicle, with this broach device installed in the front end, was found experimentally to come close to the target; i.e., with the broach units effectively functioning in consonance with a high-performance seat belt system, the experimental vehicle accomplished necessary crashworthiness, and insured sufficient occupant survival space in the occupant compartment.  /Author/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 20 Sep 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>DIRECTIONAL STABILITY OF TRACTOR AND SEMI-TRAILER COMBINATION IN BRAKING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/52858</link>
      <description><![CDATA[For the purpose of improving the stability of tractor and semi-trailer vehicles at the time of braking, the effects of the various factors (such as the conditions of the loaded goods, difference between the right and the left braking forces, distribution of the braking force of axles, rising time of the braking force of axles) involved in the stability at the time of braking were investigated experimentally (a brake test in a steady turn).  One the basis of results of this experiment, the motion of the combination vehicles when braked was applied was simulated by means of a very simplified model of four degrees of freedom and the calculated results were compared with the experimented data mainly in the criteria of tractor yaw velocity.  /Author/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 20 Sep 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>ENERGY-ABSORBING CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLE BODY STRUCTURE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/52860</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As the first step for grasping the energy-absorbing characteristics of motor vehicles, we examined the occurrence of loads (energy-absorbing characteristics) on the body structural members undergoing axial compression in collisions.  Practical equations using the method of effective width, were set up.  As a result, it was made clear that body members absorbed crush energy more effectively at the corners than by the plates. Simultaneously we conducted a series of sled and practical collision tests on sheet metal members having various of sections, and it was experimentally ascertained that computations and measured values were in agreement, proving the method under question justifiable.  /Author/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 20 Sep 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>HANDLING AND STABILITY ANALYSIS OF VEHICLE WITH SEMI-TRAILER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/52861</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Vehicle with semi-trailer or "camping trailer" has been already familiar in the United States and also in Japan, it is gaining popularity gradually and expected to be widely needed in the Future.  The handling performance of this vehicle presents very different characteristics particularly in high speed running, in limited cornering and in braking, as compared with those under disengaging from the semi-trailers.  This paper introduces C.I.R.'s proposal concerning traction of trailer and deals with the results of analysis of its response to steering input.  The results of the analysis has revealed that vehicle with semi-trailer has a critical speed and steering characteristics which are determined by their dimensions.  /Author/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 20 Sep 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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