<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>HEAVING IN THE SUBGRADE OF HIGHWAYS CONSTRUCTED ON THE MANCOS SHALE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/121857</link>
      <description><![CDATA[HEAVING IN ROADS BUILT ON THE MANCOS SHALE /UPPER CRETACEOUS/ IS A SERIOUS PROBLEM IN E.-CENTRAL UTAH. HEAVES ARE EXPRESSED AS LOCAL BUMPS, GENERAL RISES, AND SEVERE CRACKING OF THE PAVEMENT. THE HEAVES USUALLY OCCUR IN SHALE ROAD CUTS AND GENERALLY SHOW A SEASONAL CYCLE, WHICH REACHES A MAXIMUM DEVELOPMENT IN THE WINTER. THE PRESENCE OF CERTAIN SALTS, ABSORPTION OF MOISTURE, AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SUBGRADE MATERIALS WERE CONSIDERED, IN UTAH, TO BE THE MAIN FACTORS IN THE HEAVING MECHANISM. WORK DONE ON SIMILAR PROBLEMS ELSEWHERE AND STUDIES CONDUCTED BY THE AUTHOR INDICATE THAT THE LATTER 2 FACTORS ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT. RESULTS OF THIS INVESTIGATION INDICATE THAT HEAVING AREAS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SLAKING SHALE OR EXPANSIVE CLAYS, WITH AND WITHOUT SALTS PRESENT. LABORATORY STUDIES SHOW THAT THE INITIAL MOISTURE CONTENT OF REMOLDED SAMPLES AND THE DESICCATION HISTORY OF UNDISTURBED SAMPLES HAVE A MAJOR EFFECT ON SWELLING. SWELL TESTS ON COMPACTED SAMPLES AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES INDICATE THAT WATER HAS MORE INFLUENCE ON SWELL THAN TEMPERATURE, EXCEPT FOR SAMPLES CONTAINING SODIUM SULFATE, WHICH SWELLED WITH DECREASING TEMPERATURE. CHLORIDE SALTS INHIBITED SWELLING. TESTS ON SHALE CORES INDICATE THAT THE STABILITY OF SLAKING SHALE CAN BE PRESERVED BY MAINTAINING ITS ORIGINAL MOISTURE CONTENT. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT SHALES AND EXPANSIVE CLAYS, WHEN EXPOSED IN ROAD CUTS, BECOME DESICCATED AND ARE SUBJECT TO EXPANSION WHEN MOISTURE IS SUBSEQUENTLY AVAILABLE. THE SEASONAL CYCLE OF HEAVING MAY POSSIBLY BE EXPLAINED BY THE ANNUAL MOISTURE EXCESS AND DEFICIENCY. TO MINIMIZE THE PROBLEM, FRESHLY EXPOSED SHALE SHOULD BE KEPT WET, AND THE THICKNESS OF THE SUBBASE AND BASE COURSES SHOULD BE INCREASED. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:41:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/121857</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE INFLUENCE OF GEOLOGICAL FACTORS ON THE STABILITY OF HIGHWAY SLOPES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/121856</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF ROCK COMPOSITION, ROCK STRUCTURE, AND DEGREE OF WEATHERING ON THE STABILITY OF CUT SLOPES SHOWS THAT IN 58 MOUNTAIN AND PIEDMONT COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA THE PERCENTAGE OF FAILED CUT SLOPES IS GREATEST IN MICACEOUS METASEDIMENTS, GNEISSES, AND SCHISTS, AND IN SAPROLITE AND SOIL DERIVED FROM THESE ROCK TYPES. SOIL-SLOPE FAILURES OUTNUMBER ROCK-SLOPE FAILURES BY 2 TO 1. JOINTS AND SIMILAR PLANES OF SEPARATION EXERT A STRONG INFLUENCE ON SIZE AND SHAPE OF THE SLIDING MASS. THEY MAY OR MAY NOT ACT AS FAILURE SURFACES, DEPENDING ON THEIR ORIENTATION WITH RESPECT TO THE ACTIVE FORCES. CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA, THOUGH INDICATIVE OF WEATHERING CONDITIONS, DO NOT CORRELATE WELL WITH SLOPE FAILURE FREQUENCY. BECAUSE OF THE PRESENCE OF JOINTS AND SIMILAR PLANES OF WEAKNESS IN SOIL AND ROCK MATERIALS, CONVENTIONAL METHODS FOR ANALYZING SLOPE STABILITIES ARE NOT DIRECTLY APPLICABLE. EMPIRICALLY DERIVED MODIFICATIONS OF THESE METHODS ARE BEING INVESTIGATED. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:41:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/121856</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE EFFECT OF ANISOTROPHY /SIC/ ON THE DETERMINATION OF DYNAMIC ELASTIC CONSTANTS OF ROCK</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/118145</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE RESONANT FREQUENCY AND ULTRASONIC PLUS METHODS FOR OBTAINING ELASTIC CONSTANTS OF ROCK SAMPLES SHOWS THAT THE EQUATIONS FOR AN ISOTROPIC ELASTIC SOLID COMMONLY USED TO CALCULATE YOUNGS MODULUS, MODULUS OF RIGIDITY, AND POISSONS RATIO CAN RESULT IN APPRECIABLE ERROR IF THE ROCK IS EVEN SLIGHTLY ANISOTROPIC. CONSIDERATION OF THE EQUATIONS THAT RELATE BAR VELOCITIES AND FREE MEDIUM VELOCITIES TO ELASTIC CONSTANTS FOR ORTHOTROPIC, TRANSVERSELY ISOTROPIC, AND ISOTROPIC SOLIDS SHOWS THAT A COMBINATION OF THE 2 METHODS CAN BE USED TO DETERMINE AVERAGE ELASTIC CONSTANTS FOR A SINGLE SAMPLE OF ROCK. THE DETERMINATION OF ELASTIC CONSTANTS IN DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS REQUIRES A LARGE NUMBER OF TESTS ON ORIENTED SAMPLES. THE USE OF BOTH THE RESONANT FREQUENCY AND ULTRASONIC PULSE METHODS IS RECOMMENDED SO THAT THE DETERMINATION OF BOTH YOUNGS MODULUS AND MODULUS OF RIGIDITY IS INDEPENDENT OF THE DETERMINATION OF POISSONS RATIO. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 01:48:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/118145</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ANALYSIS OF TUNNEL SUPPORT STRUCTURE WITH CONSIDERATION OF SUPPORT/ROCK INTERACTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/100096</link>
      <description><![CDATA[PROCEDURES ARE GIVEN FOR CALCULATING STRESSES IN UNDERGROUND TUNNEL SUPPORTS WHICH ACCOUNT BOTH FOR THE STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR OF THE SUPPORT AND THAT OF THE ADJACENT ROCK MASS. STRESSES IN THE SUPPORT ARE CAUSED BY SERVICE LOADS AND ROCK REACTIONS.  SERVICE LOADS ARE DUE TO ROCK PRESSURES, HYDROSTATIC AND HYDRAULIC PRESSURES, SELF-WEIGHT OF THE SUPPORT, OR OTHER UTILITARIAN-TYPE LOADS.  ROCK REACTIONS, EQUAL AND OPPOSITE TO THOSE INTHE SUPPORT, ARE DUE TO THE DEFORMATIONAL INTERACTION THAT RESULTS AS SERVICE LOADS DEFORM THE TUNNEL SUPPORT AGAINST THE ADJACENT ROCK MASS. THE PROCEDURES DEVELOPED FOR SOLVING THIS PROBLEM ARE AN APPLICATION OF MATRIX STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS.  THE PRINCIPLES INVOLVED IN THIS METHOD ALLOW FOR THE CONSIDERATION OF THE DEFORMABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF MOST TUNNEL SUPPORT SYSTEMS, AND AN ITERATIVE SOLUTION PROCEDURE IS APPLIED TO DETERMINE THE AREAS OF SUPPORT-ROCK INTERACTION.  NUMBERICAL RESULTS OF EXAMPLE PROBLEMS ARE GIVEN. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 19 Jun 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/100096</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TUNNEL SITE INVESTIGATIONS-A REVIEW</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/120349</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE PRESENT MEANS OF ACQUIRING THE NECESSARY GEOLOGICAL DATA IN THE PRECONSTRUCTION STAGE FOR THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF TUNNELS ARE DISCUSSED. THE SITE INVESTIGATIONS ARE HELD TO DETERMINE (1) THE GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT AND THE EXCAVATION METHOD BY WHICH THE ROCK CAN BE BROKEN AND REMOVED; (2) THE QUANTITIES OF WATER AND GAS TO BE ENCOUNTERED; AND (3) THE STRENGTH AND STABILITY OF THE MATERIAL SURROUNDING THE BORE AND ITS NEED FOR SUPPORT AND LINING. THE INVESTIGATIONS, WHICH INCLUDE PRELIMINARY OFFICE STUDIES, ON-SITE STUDIES, AND LABORATORY TESTS, PROVIDE A BASIS FOR MAKING REALISTIC PREDICTIONS OF TUNNELING CONDITIONS PRIOR TO EXCAVATION. /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 Aug 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/120349</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TUNNEL AND SHAFT SYSTEMS TODAY AND TOMORROW</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/126158</link>
      <description><![CDATA[REVIEWS ARE PRESENTED ON THE DIFFERENT METHODS OF BREAKING UP ROCK IN UNDERGROUND EXCAVATION SYSTEMS (DRILLS, BLASTING, MACHINE); METHODS OF LOADING THE EXCAVATED MATERIALS IN THE TUNNEL (MUCKERS, SLIDING FLOOR CONVEYORS, SLUSHER TRAINS); TUNNEL HAULAGE BY LOCOMOTIVE; STRUCTURAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS; VENTILATION; METHODS OF CONTROLLING GROUND WATER; FACTORS INFLUENCING THE CHOICE OF TUNNELLING MACHINES, AND THE EFFECTS OF TUNNEL LENGTH. IN ADDITION, FORECASTS ARE MADE OF FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS IN AUTOMATION, SPEED OF BORING, CUTTER COSTS, LOADING AND TRANSPORTATION OF THE BROKEN ROCK, ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF DUST, ETC; AND METHODS OF ROCK DISINTEGRATION. /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 Aug 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/126158</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SECTION 5. STATUS OF MOLE DEVELOPMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/126162</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE DESIGN OF DRILLING EQUIPMENT FOR ROCKS OF VARIOUS HARDNESS IS DESCRIBED, INCLUDING ADVANCES MADE FOR FASTER TUNNELLING. AMONG THESE ADVANCES ARE IMPROVED CUTTERS, GUIDANCE AND STEERING DEVICES, DUST CONTROL DEVICES AND MECHANISMS TO AID IN STALLING TUNNEL SUPPORTS. IN ADDITION, DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF METHODS OF IMPROVING THE RELIABILITY OF THE EQUIPMENT THROUGH BETTER ENGINEERING, BETTER MANUFACTURING CONTROL, BETTER PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE PROGRAMS, AND BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF TUNNELLING PROBLEMS. A DISCUSSION IS APPENDED. /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 Aug 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/126162</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SECTION 6. SUPPORT AND LININGS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/126163</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE PAPERS PRESENTED ARE: TUNNEL SUPPORTS AND LININGS - A REVIEW, MATHEWS, A. A. RECENT TUNNELLING EXPERIENCE: EUROPE, ANGERER, K. THE FUNCTION OF SHOTCRETE IN SUPPORT AND LINING OF THE VANCOUVER RAILWAY TUNNEL, MASON, E. E. SOME EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENTS IN SMOOTHWALL BLASTING, OLROG,T FREEZING TECHNIQUES FOR SHAFT SUPPORT, BRAITHWAITE, T. R. /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 Aug 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/126163</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SECTION 7. ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/127915</link>
      <description><![CDATA[TWO PAPERS ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS INVOLVED IN TUNNELLING ARE PRESENTED. THE FIRST A REVIEW, AND THE SECOND A REPORT OF THREE RESEARCH PROJECTS ON TUNNELLING IN THE SUB-FREEZING ENVIRONMENT OF GREENLAND & ALASKA. THE PHYSICAL AND THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF THE FROZEN MATERIALS PENETRATED WERE STUDIED. TECHNIQUES USED INCLUDED MECHANICAL BORING, PERCUSSION AND STEAM DRILLING, AND BLASTING WITH EXPLOSIVES AND COMPRESSED AIR. INCLUDED IN THE REPORT ARE DETAILS OF THE MATERIAL TRANSPORT, VENTILATION, AND CLOSURE BY PLASTIC FLOW OR CREEP. IT WAS DEMONSTRATED THAT TUNNELS COULD BE SUCCESSFULLY DRIVEN INTO GLACIAL ICE AND VARIOUS FROZEN SOILS USING CONVENTIONAL METHODS, AND THAT MECHANIZED TUNNELLING IS FEASIBLE AND EFFICIENT IN ICE AND FINE-GRAINED FROZEN SOILS, BUT IS NOT APPLICABLE TO FROZEN GRAVEL CONTAINING BOULDERS. IT WAS FOUND THAT WINTER OPERATION WAS ESPECIALLY SUCCESSFULL BECAUSE THE ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURES HELPED IN STABILIZING THE OPENINGS AND IMPROVING THE VENTILATION. THE TITLES OF THE PAPERS ARE AS FOLLOWS: EXCAVATION AND ENVIRONMENT-A REVIEW, HARTMAN, HL, AND TUNNELLING IN A SUBFREEZING ENVIRONMENT, MCANERNEY, JM. /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Jul 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/127915</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INDEXING ROCK FOR MACHINE TUNNELLING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/126156</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A ROCK QUALITY DESIGNATION SYSTEM IS DESCRIBED WHICH ESTIMATES THE QUALITY OF ROCKS 4" LONG OR LONGER ON SITE, AND ENABLES THE QUALITY OF THE ROCK TO BE ESTIMATED FOR SUPPORT PURPOSES WITH MORE SENSITIVITY AND RELIABILITY THAN WITH THE METHOD OF THE TOTAL PERCENTAGE OF CORE RECOVERY. SEISMIC METHODS OF MEASURING ROCK QUALITY CAN ALSO BE USED SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH A CONTINUOUS CORING MACHINE. VARIOUS TECHNIQUES OF MEASURING THE HARDNESS OF ROCKS ARE DISCUSSED AND A CLASSIFICATON CHART IS BEING DEVELOPEDWHICH INCLUDES COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND ABRASION HARDNESS. /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Jul 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/126156</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SEIKAN UNDERSEA TUNNEL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/126159</link>
      <description><![CDATA[DETAILS ARE PRESENTED OF THE TOPOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CARRIED OUT PRIOR TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF THIS RAILWAY TUNNEL, TOGETHER WITH THE EXPLORATORY DRILLING, WATER-SEAL GROUTING, CONCRETE SPRAYING, AND BORING MACHINERY USED DURING BUILDING. /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Jul 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/126159</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE PH METHOD FOR TUNNELLING THROUGH ROCK</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/126160</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE PH METHOD IS PROPOSED AS AN IMPROVED TUNNELLING TECHNIQUE BASED ON THE FACTORS OF SAFETY, CONTINUITY, UNIFORMITY, AUTOMATION AND FLEXIBILITY. THE METHOD COMBINES THE BEST FEATURES OF MOLE AND BLASTING TECHNIQUES RESULTING IN GREATER SPEED, IMPROVED SAFETY, AND LOWER COST FOR LONG, LARGE-DIAMETER TUNNELS. BASICALLY, THE PROPOSED METHOD CONSISTS IN BORING A PILOT TUNNEL BY MEANS OF A MOLE AND REAMING OF THE PILOT HOLE TO THE FULL TUNNEL DIAMETER BY MEANS OF BLASTING. IN THIS BLASTING TECHNIQUE, THE SEQUENTIAL OPERATIONS OF DRILLING, BLASTING AND MUCKING HAVE BEEN REPLACED BY CONTINUOUS DRILLING AND MUCKING OPERATIONS, INTERRUPTED ONLY BY BLASTING AN OVERSIZED "CUT" HOLE IS DRILLED BY MOLE SO THAT THE MOLE REMOVES THE ROCK WHICH IS MOST DIFFICULT TO BLAST. THE REMAINING ROCK IS REMOVED ECONOMICALLY BY MEANS OF BENCH-BLASTING TECHNIQUES. DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF THE SPECIAL EQUIPMENT USED IN THIS METHOD. /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Jul 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/126160</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EXPERIENCE WITH THE HABEGGER MOLE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/126161</link>
      <description><![CDATA[DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF THE DESIGN AND CAPABILITIES OF A BORING SYSTEM BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF CUTTING THE ROCK INSTEAD OF CRUSHING IT, PARTICULARLY FOR USE WITH HARD ROCKS. THE MACHINERY WAS DEVELOPED AT THUN, SWITZERLAND, AND HAS BEEN USED IN PROJECTS AT THUN, JAPAN, AND ST. MORITZ, SWITZERLAND. THE BORING OF STILL HARDER ROCKS IN THE FUTURE SEEMS TO DEPEND ON METALLURGICAL RATHER THAN EQUIPMENT DEVELOPMENTS. /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Jul 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/126161</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ANALYSIS OF HARD-ROCK CUTTABILITY FOR MACHINES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/126157</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A SIMPLIFIED ANALYSIS IS PRESENTED OF ROCK-BREAKING BY MECHANICAL LOADING FROM WHICH EMERGE VARIOUS CRITERIA FOR THE DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF HARD-ROCK TUNNELLING MACHINES. SOME PERFORMED CHARACTERISTICS OF EXISTING MACHINES ARE SUMMARIZED FOR COMPARISON WITH THE REQUIREMENTS INDICATED BY THE ANALYSIS. THIS COMPARISON SUGGESTS THAT THERE IS ROOM FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SINGLE TUNNEL-PROFILING MACHINE, AND A CONCEPT FOR SUCH A DEVICE IS OUTLINED.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 03 Feb 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/126157</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>USES OF GEOPHYSICS IN SUBSURFACE SURVEYING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/118269</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF STATE HIGHWAYS MAKES EXTENSIVE USE OF GEOPHYSICS FOR SUBSURFACE SURVEYING WHICH WOULD BE APPLICABLE FOR USES IN OTHER FIELDS. EXAMPLES OF RESISTIVITY SURVEYS ARE GIVEN WHICH INCLUDE A PROPOSED LARGE-VOLUME EXCAVATION WITH SUGGESTIONS FOR LAND USE AFTER EXCAVATION, SUBSURFACE EVALUATION FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN, AND A SUBSURFACE SURVEY FOR LAND APPRAISAL. AN EXAMPLE OF A COMBINED REFRACTION SEISMIC AND RESISTIVITY SURVEY IS SHOWN WHERE THE RESISTIVITY IS USED TO OUTLINE UNCONSOLIDATED SOILS, WHILE THE SEISMIC METHOD IS USED TO OUTLINE BEDROCK AND TO EVALUATE IT FOR RIPPABILITY. A REFRACTION SEISMIC SURVEY AT THE BOTTOM OF BRIDGE CAISSONS FOR EVALUATION OF BEDROCK UNIFORMITY AND A RELATIVE AID IN ASSESSING ROCK STRENGTH IS REPORTED. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/118269</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>