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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>An Examination of Survival Rates Based on External Flotation Devices: A Helicopter Ditching Review from 1971 to 2005</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/842397</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article reports the results of a study of survival rates after helicopter accidents involving ditching, defined as unintentionally landing the craft in water.  The authors examined 511 helicopter ditching cases in which they could determine the number of occupants, the final position of the aircraft, the presence of external flotation devices and the number of surviving occupants. Of the 382 cases that indicated the final position of the helicopter, 56 (15%) floated upright and 326 (85%) inverted.  Of the 326 that inverted, 250 capsized immediately, with 96 remaining floating at the surface and 156 sinking.  Survivability rate significantly reduces for occupants of the helicopters that invert and sink.  External flotation devices appear to assist in keeping the helicopters floating on the surface of the water.  Of the accidents reviewed here, 298 of the helicopters were equipped with external flotation devices, while 109 did not have flotation devices. The authors note that it is not clear that survivability in helicopters with external flotation devices is higher than in those without the devices. This is partially due to the fact the 42% of helicopters fitted with external flotation devices still sank.  Overall, the 511 cases represent a total of 2,478 individuals; the occupant survival rate was 66%.  The authors conclude that although this study demonstrates that survivability and the position of the aircraft are significantly linked, it is not clear that the provision of external flotation devices alone will significantly affect survivability in helicopter ditchings.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Dec 2007 07:37:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/842397</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>VISUAL SEARCH AND RESCUE...A THING OF THE PAST..</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/740184</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 02 Nov 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/740184</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ANOTHER LOOK AT STOL PORTS.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/740185</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 02 Nov 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/740185</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PRE-EMPLOYMENT SCREENING FOR BACK PROBLEMS IN PILOT CANDIDATES: THE NECESSITY OF RADIOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/561683</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Nov 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/561683</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A DEVICE TO MEASURE THE SEVERITY OF AIRCRAFT TRANSPARENCY CRAZING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/556140</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 11 Apr 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/556140</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>COMPARISONS OF TRAINING U.S. AIRFORCE AND COMMERCIAL PILOTS, AND AIRCRAFT MISHAPS IN ALASKA.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/524431</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 17 Nov 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/524431</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AIR CARRIER EMERGENCY EVACUATION INVESTIGATION: A CRITICAL REVIEW.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/524432</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 17 Nov 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/524432</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF U.S. CIVIL AVIATION, FIXED-WING ACCIDENTS INVOLVING SPATIAL DISORIENTATION: 1983-1991.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/524073</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Sep 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/524073</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AIR CARRIER EMERGENCY PROCEDURE DEVELOPMENT.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/524074</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Sep 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/524074</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>COAST GUARD APPROACH TO DEVELOP IMPROVED PERSONAL FLOTATION DEVICES.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/535463</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 28 Sep 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/535463</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INFLATABLE RESTRAINT SYSTEMS FOR AIRCRAFT.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/533300</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 May 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/533300</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SPATIAL DISORIENTATION LINKED TO FATAL DC-8 FREIGHTER CRASH..</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/533301</link>
      <description><![CDATA[ASPATIAL DISORIENTATION AND POOR COCKPIT COMMUNICATION AS POSSIBLE CAUSES OF ACCIDENT AT TOLEDO, OHIO, FEB. 15, 1992.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 May 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/533301</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AIRPORT X-RAY SCREENING TECHNOLOGY BECOMES A VIABLE EXPLOSIVES DETECTOR</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/347977</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 1992 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/347977</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TWO CREW STATIONS FOR DYNAMIC FLIGHT SIMULATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/347686</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 1992 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/347686</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>UNITED 232: COPING WITH THE "ONE-IN-A-BILLION" LOSS OF ALL FLIGHT CONTROLS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/347687</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 1992 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/347687</guid>
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