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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>First Flush Phenomena for Highways: How It Can Be Meaningfully Defined</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2201038</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new terminology and definition is proposed to document mass first flushes of stormwater pollutants. This newly defined terminology is applied to 52 storms over two wet seasons at nine highway sites. Most pollutants showed median mass first flushes where 30 percent of the mass is released in the first 20% of the runoff. Pollutants representing organic contaminants had the highest first flush ratios.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Oct 2023 10:14:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2201038</guid>
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      <title>Global Solutions for Urban Drainage</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2274424</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Urban Drainage, held in Portland, Oregon, September 8-13, 2002. Sponsored by Urban Water Resources Research Council of the Environmental Water Resources Institute of ASCE; International Association for Hydraulic Research; Joint Committee on Urban Drainage of the International Water Association. This collection of 329 papers presents state-of-the-art solutions to common urban storm drainage problems, such as flooding, combined sewer overflows, nonpoint-source runoff quality, urban streams, and more. Papers report on practical applications of new and traditional methods of analysis, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of urban storm drainage systems, as well as on institutional and educational approaches for improving the urban water environment. Topics include: best management practices; decision support and modeling; combined sewer overflows and sanitary sewer overflows; stormwater management; urban streams; monitoring; precipitation and hydrology; flooding; education and involvement; sewer processes; hydraulics; real-time control; and Portland, Oregon, wet weather.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Oct 2023 10:14:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2274424</guid>
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      <title>Causes and Effects of Culvert Blockage during Large Storms</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2201032</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents data collected on the blockage of culverts and bridge openings by debris during a major storm. The dominant factor in determining the degree of blockage is the size of the structure's clear opening. Culvert or bridge openings greater than about 6 m are unlikely to block, and if they do block, it is likely to be only a partial blockage. Culverts with openings less than about 6 m are prone to blockage. The data collected for this storm indicates that these culverts can experience the full range, from unblocked to completely blocked.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Oct 2023 10:14:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2201032</guid>
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      <title>Estimation of Environmental Impact by Highway Runoff Pollution</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2200880</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Highway runoff contains tire wear, automobile exhaust emission and so on. These materials are accumulated on the road surface in fine weather. These accumulation polluted loads contain harmful materials to the human body and the ecosystem. This highway runoff is not treated and is discharged to receiving water. The authors investigated the degree of highway runoff pollution. From the results of our investigation, the authors clarified that the concentration of Benzo(a)Pyrene in the highway runoff waters sometimes exceeded concentrations at 10–5 carcinogenic risk. The authors also researched the bottom sediments in the receiving water, too. The bottom sediments of the receiving water has Benzo(a)Pyrene more than bottom sediments of the average Japanese river. And, the authors have analyzed the runoff characteristics to establish runoff model for Benzo(a)pyrene. The runoff characteristics of Benzo(a)pyrene is the similar as suspended solid (SS). So, the authors have made the possibility to estimate a runoff pollution of Benzo(a)pyrene by this model.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Oct 2023 10:14:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2200880</guid>
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      <title>Renewal of Rectangular Culverts Using the RPC Method</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2200977</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The total length of sewers in Tokyo's 23 wards has reached about 15,000 km, of which 2000 km (about 13%) is older than 50 years, which is the designed lifespan of culverts. Many of the aging sewer culverts are located in Tokyo's urban center, which increasingly suffers inundation, road subsidence and odious smells attributable to insufficient capacity or aging of storm sewer culverts. As the amount of sewage increases because of people's changing lifestyles and the amount of stormwater increases under the influence of urbanization, there is an urgent need to renew sewer systems to increase sewer capacity and enhance the earthquake resistance of sewer systems. Today, it is difficult to replace sewers by the open-cut method because of adverse effects on road traffic, underground installations and the living environments of local residents. Non-open-cut methods are being used, therefore, to renew sewers. Renewal methods include the reversed piping method, the formed piping method, the sleeve piping method and the spiral piping method. The RPC (Renewal Precast/Parallel Culvert) method is a non-open-cut sleeve piping method by which existing rectangular culverts of medium- and large-cross sections can be lined efficiently with self-supporting culverts.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Oct 2023 10:14:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2200977</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Pollutant Biodegradation Potentials on Airport Surfaces</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2200855</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The biodegradabilities of glycol- and acetate- based aircraft de-icing fluids (ADFs) on airport surfaces have been investigated at three temperatures below 8°C. The solubilities of these substances can result in high BOD loadings in runoff and pose serious toxicity problems in receiving waters. Although the concentrations of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi monitored on airport surfaces are relatively low (10² to 10³ CFU/cm²) they are sufficient to support the breakdown of applied ADFs. The measured surface biodegradation rates for ethylene/diethylene glycol-, propylene glycol- and potassium acetate- based ADFs at 4°C were 0.082, 0.073 and 0.033 day–1. The resulting reductions in the potential BOD loadings over a 5 day period due to degradation of the applied ADFs would be 33.6, 30.6 and 15.2%, respectively. The subsequent savings in the amount of treatment required for airport runoff prior to safe discharge to receiving waters are discussed as well as the implications of biodegradation processes for all stormwater treatment systems involving the wash-off of biodegradable pollutants following retention on urban surfaces.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Oct 2023 10:14:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2200855</guid>
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      <title>First Flush of Organics in Highway Runoff</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2200870</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Stormwaters from three highway sites were monitored over two wet seasons for organics. Chemical oxygen demand, oil and grease and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured. The sites exhibited a first flush in most cases for most parameters. The mass first flush ratio (the ratio of the normalized transported mass of pollutant to the normalized runoff volume) generally was above 1.8 for the first 25% of the runoff volume, and in some cases as high as 2.8. Dissolved PAHs were generally at or below detection limits. Mass emission rates for particulate PAHs are reported. The results suggest that best management practices (BMPs) that address the initial runoff can have greater effectiveness than other types of BMPs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Oct 2023 10:14:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2200870</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Profile Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals in Size Fractionated Highway Dust and Runoff Samples</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2200849</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A runoff monitoring was conducted at a highway drainage system in Switzerland. The runoff samples with higher SS concentration had higher heavy metals and PAH concentrations. The particle-bound Zn, Cu, Pb, and PAH concentrations were 155–524μg/L, 29–69μg/L, 13–46μg/L, and 1.3–3.3μg/L, which were close to literature values. Particle size distribution analysis revealed that the runoff samples with higher SS concentrations contained coarser size fractions. Coarser fractions (>106μm) occupied more than half under the maximum peak flow condition, while the major particles were finer than 45μm at low flow rate.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Oct 2023 10:14:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2200849</guid>
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      <title>Application of a New Flow Resistance Formula: Step-pool Culvert Installation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2200831</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the present study, the question of constructing a pseudo-natural step-pool streambed within a roadway culvert is examined. This is a new method, based on a geomorphology study conducted using a hydraulic model, and a formula for computing the flow resistance caused by step-pool bedforms is described. An example case is examined, and a summary of the analysis procedure is provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Oct 2023 10:14:29 GMT</pubDate>
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