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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>JAPANESE LPG TANKER CONSTRUCTED USING A NEW WELDING PROCESS AND IMPROVED AL-KILLED STEELS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/153346</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Authors describe a high-productivity MIG welding technique developed to increase the safety of ship structures.  This process, first reported in 1975, was applied to one-sided welding of butt joints in Al-killed steels for low-temperature service and resulted in nearly the same productivity as that for the multi-wire submerged-arc process.  Satisfactory high levels of notch toughness were obtained, not only in the centre of the weld metal but also in the HAZ, resulting from a significant reduction in welding heat input.  Based on these results, a technical survey was conducted to cope with the toughness requirements for LPG ships proposed by IMCO and a new Al-killed steel with excellent HAZ toughness has been developed for the construction of a 76,000-cu m LPG carrier.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 07 May 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/153346</guid>
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      <title>ROBOT WELDING OF HULL COMPONENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/74375</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Nippon Kokan KK has developed an improved robot welding system for primary welding in shipbuildng.  The design is sufficiently flexible to allow a wide range of application on both flat and curved surfaces with a high level of productivity and is easy to operate with a high level of level.  The sytem consists of a proprietary robot fitted to a gantry system capable of accommodating a wide range of shapes and sizes of components up to 5-m wide and virtually unlimited length.  The panels remain stationary during welding and the robot moves up, over, or along as dictated by a Nova-02 mini-computer memory system.  A number of combinations of welding patterns can be categorised and pre-fed into the memory system.  A sensor detects which welding pattern should be used and controls the two welding heads accordingly.  The welding equipment consists of a Matsushita Electric Co. Pana Auto IC 350 power source operating in conjunction with a Hobart linear wire feed system with an argon/CO2 shielding gas.  Order from: BSRA as No. 48,362.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 19 Aug 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/74375</guid>
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      <title>ADVANCED PLATE CUTTING AT LINDO</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/51507</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A Danish shipyard specializing in tanker construction has acquired water injection plasma cutting equipment.  The cost of cutting by this method is relatively low and the cut edge requires no further preparation.  Cutting speeds are higher. The equipment is fitted to a numerical control installation and uses a specially designed transformer rectifier.  The torch can cut metal 3-75 mm thick.  The plate preparation shop has seven other oxyfuel cutting torches.  The hull blocks are assembled by submerged arc welding.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 02 Jul 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/51507</guid>
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      <title>WELDING IN CONFINED SPACES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/67175</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article is based on a paper presented to Commission VIII of the International Institute of Welding, dealing with the risks due to oxygen deficiency or excess when welding in confined spaces.  Although almost all such accidents result in fatal or serious injuries, there is still a lack of knowledge among welders as to why these accidents happen. The safety rules that should be observed are enumerated.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Mar 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/67175</guid>
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      <title>TESTING SHIPS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/46762</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A brief history is given of NDT in shipbuilding.  Some practical examples of NDT requirements are cited and a general review of NDT techniques and their applications is given.  The problems of acceptance standards and the significance of defects are discussed and the validity of NDT practices as a method of quality assurance is considered.  Further activities concerning standardization are outlined.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Sep 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/46762</guid>
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      <title>COST EFFECTIVE DESIGN OF SHIP STRUCTURES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/46436</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the first part of the paper some recent developments are reviewed. In the second part a research study is described which includes determination of production costs, a design optimization method for a flat panel and design optimization for a flat stiffened panel. The study demonstrates the feasibility of designing the basic elements of welded ships against a criterion of minimum weight, or cost, or a combination of both.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 04 Sep 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/46436</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CONSTRUCTION: 9% NICKEL STEEL FOR LNG APPLICATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/20159</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Tensile, impact COD, and wide-plate tests, mainly carried out at -164C, on 9% nickel steel weldments were utilized to predict maximum tolerable defect sizes in cryogenic storage tanks.  Results show that at a design stress of 290 N/sq.mm., the tolerable defect size is satisfactorily large. Local distortion at welds is taken into account.  Scanning electron microfractographs show that the rate of propagation on cracks during the fatigue cycling at --164C, to which the wide-plate tests were subjected, agrees excellently with fracture mechanics predictions.  They also indicate that, during the final static pull to failure, there was no extension of the cracks by stable tearing prior to the propagation of an unstable crack.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Oct 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/20159</guid>
    </item>
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      <title>ONE-SIDED BUTT WELDING ON SHIP'S BUILDING BERTH</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/19948</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Both flux and gas-shielded welding were found to be sensitive to root gap, and the general trend was for the weld bead to become wider and thinner as the root gap increased.  To reduce the effects of root gap, a method has been devised whereby electrical resistive melting is used to deposit an insert of variable cross-section in joints of variable gap.  Ordinary soda-lime glass, as a backing material, offered the best resistance to erosion.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 28 Aug 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/19948</guid>
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      <title>FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION IN WELD METAL AND HAZ</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2610</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In a dynamically loaded structure fatigue is a critical problem when the structure contains welded joints, because a weld represents a major stress concentration , in the form of a change of section, together with weld defects.  The result is that the fatigue cracks initiate more rapidly in welded than in nonwelded structures, and consequently the major part of the fatigue life is spent propagating a crack.  Thus the subject of fatigue crack propagation, which is currently receiving a great deal of attention, is of particular interest in the context of fatigue in welded structures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 08 Nov 1972 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2610</guid>
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      <title>EFFECT OF WELDING AND POST-WELD HEAT TREATMENT ON QT35 STEEL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/5165</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this study of QT35 steel, a simulation technique was used to examine the properties of metallurgical structures occurring in the heat affected zones of submerged arc welds. The authors found that changes in properties and particularly a deterioration in notch impact behavior could be related to the thermal cycle applied.  Post-weld heat treatment of grain coarsened heat affected zone structures was found to be generally beneficial above 550 C.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Sep 1972 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/5165</guid>
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      <title>SUBMERGED ARC WELDING OF HIGHER TENSILE STEELS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/3996</link>
      <description><![CDATA[For design and economic reasons, higher tensile structural steels with a varying range of notch toughness requirements are being increasingly used by shipbuilders.  The necessary weld metal properties must be obtained by the accepted welding practices, namely two-pass, two-sided butt welding procedures in order to achieve continuous production.  This article summarizes the role and types of higher tensile structural steels used for shipbuilding and discusses several factors that must be considered in order to achieve economic production welding, with the desired weld metal properties.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Apr 1972 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/3996</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>WELDING OF HIGHER TENSILE STEELS USED IN SHIPBUILDING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2625</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article discusses some of the consumable and process developments aimed at more economical welding of ship steels.  A particular situation is chosen to give some idea of the extent of the detail and of the need for careful interpretation.  The work reported here indicates, that it is possible to make an economical machine weld on higher tensile steels and meet the requirements of the classification societies.  Because it is possible to use the fluxes in what is a catastrophically wrong way, shipyards wishing to exploit these developments must proceed with caution and be prepared for a good deal of in-plant testing.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Nov 1971 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2625</guid>
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