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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Pedestrian guardrailing</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/901418</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This document provides guidance to local authorities on the provision of pedestrian guard rails at the edge of urban footways in the UK. It includes a description of the development of policy guidance on guardrailing; an assessment procedure for the evaluation of the need for installation or removal of railings; and encouragement for authorities to use an audit trail to record decisions and actions taken. Assessment may include developing simulation models, for instance to determine likely traffic flows. Guardrailing can be used at road junctions, pedestrian crossings, busy pedestrian streets, transport interchanges, schools, and central reservations. Its main purpose is to improve safety both by preventing pedestrians from being on the road at an inappropriate place and by protecting pedestrians from the swept path of large vehicles. This local transport note stems from a research study, which is summarised; the assessment procedure is detailed in two parts, site record and assessment framework.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2009 09:10:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/901418</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Signal controlled roundabouts</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/901417</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This document aims to provide assistance to those involved in the design and operation of signalised roundabouts in the UK. It does not include urban gyratory systems formed of one-way streets. It is noted that there are no standard solutions as the concept encompasses a wide range of junctions. The guidance gives a brief history of signalised roundabouts in the UK and further sections concern the reasons for use of signals at roundabouts; design considerations, including segregated left turns; assessment; and control strategies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2009 09:10:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/901417</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cycle infrastructure design</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/883490</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Encouraging more people to cycle is increasingly being seen as an important way to tackle congestion, improve air quality, promote physical activity and improve accessibility. This design guide brings together and updates guidance previously available in other publications. Its focus is the design of cycle infrastructure but parts of its advice are equally appropriate to improving conditions for pedestrians. The guide begins by looking at context, policy, underlying principles, network links and connections, typical cycle trip distances, risk and liability and a cycle audit review. The guide goes on to examine issues surrounding general design parameters; signing; network management; reducing vehicle speeds on cycle routes; bus and tram routes; cycle lanes; off-road cycle routes; junctions; cycle track crossings; cycle parking; and public transport integration.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Feb 2009 09:02:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/883490</guid>
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      <title>Mixed priority routes - practitioners' guide</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/877699</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In research carried out in 2000, mixed priority routes were identified as being among the least safe of urban roads. Subsequently the Department for Transport invited local highway authorities to submit schemes for inclusion in the Mixed Priority Routes (MPR) Road Safety Demonstration Project where grants were available to each participating authority. The ten schemes selected covered a spectrum of different types of authority and highway characteristics. This paper reviews the experience from the ten schemes involved and presents the lessons learned. It provides guidance for staff involved in MPR projects. Also included are the wide ranging benefits achieved; budget and programme issues; team composition and  skills required; elements of delivery, consultation, participation, design and implantation; and evaluation strategies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Dec 2008 09:26:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/877699</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Traffic management and streetscape</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/864438</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The intention of this Local Transport Note is to help all those involved in the design of traffic management measures to prepare schemes that consider and care for the streetscape. Specifically, it aims to enhance streetscape appearance by encouraging design team to minimise the various traffic signs, road markings and street furniture associated with traffic management schemes. This document contains chapters as follows: introduction; scheme initiation; design preparation; implementation, monitoring and maintenance; and training.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Jul 2008 13:16:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/864438</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Traffic calming</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/838995</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This publication provides a summary of research commissioned by the Department for Transport together with research from external sources to provide advice on the use of traffic calming measures in the United Kingdom. Relevant legislation, general considerations, and the design, effectiveness and installation of traffic calming schemes,  are covered.  Area-wide traffic calming is described with reference to shared road space in urban and rural situations, and 20, 30 and 40mph areas. Gateway treatments, road humps, rumble devices, narrowings, chicanes, roundabouts, vehicle actuated signs, speed cameras, carriageway markings, effectiveness of treatments, associated noise and vibration, air quality, visual impact, discomfort to vehicle occupants and damage to vehicles are all described. A glossary of traffic calming terms and an extensive bibliography are provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Oct 2007 10:09:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/838995</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE INSTALLATION OF TRAFFIC SIGNALS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/540764</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This Local Transport Note (LTN) provides information on goods practices to be followed for the installation of all permanent signal controlled and associated equipment. Guidance is also given for the installation of temporary traffic signals.  Following these practices should result in a safe and readily maintainable installation.  This LTN has 18 chapters: (1) introduction; (2) glossary of terms; (3) safety at work during installation; (4) planning the work - responsibilities and preparation; (5) civil engineering works; (6) electrical installation; (7) installation of signal equipment; (8) installation of temporary signals; (9) school crossing patrol signs and warning lights; (10) cables installation; (11) cable termination; (12) testing and certification; (13) backfill and reinstatement of carriageways, footways and verges; (14) road markings; (15) performance tests; (16) site acceptance; (17) documentation; and (18) references.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 16 Nov 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/540764</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>KEEPING BUSES MOVING: A GUIDE TO TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT TO ASSIST BUSES IN URBAN AREAS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/484889</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The document provides advice and guidance to local authorities wishing to implement measures to assist buses, and updates the advice first issued in Local Transport Note 1/91.  It builds on subsequent experience, and takes account of innovative methods such as: bus advance areas, bus priority in SCOOT and other traffic signal control systems, camera enforcement of bus lanes and the importance of decriminalised parking enforcement in assisting bus movement.  The agencies involved in providing bus services are: bus operators, traffic commissioners, traffic authorities, local authorities, passenger transport executives, and the police.  Users' groups and the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) also play important parts, Bus movement can often be improved significantly by priority measures and other traffic management measures aimed at reducing congestion and improving traffic flow. Specific bus priority measures include: (1) withflow bus lanes; (2) contraflow bus lanes; (3) bus-only streets; and (4) bus priority at junctions. Bus stops can also be improved in several important ways. The document also considers appraisal, funding, implementation, maintenance, monitoring, and the future of bus priority measures. Two other documents provide guidance for busways and tramways.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/484889</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>THE DESIGN OF PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/457328</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This note recommends the practices to be followed when planning, designing, and installing at-grade pedestrian crossings in the UK, and describes all types of crossings, including those shared with cyclists, other than those at signalled junctions.  General advice is given on the design of pedestrian crossings, in relation to: (1) proximity of junctions; (2) school crossing patrols; (3) visibility; (4) crossing width; (5) guard railing; (6) crossing approach surfaces for footways and carriageways; (7) facilities for disabled pedestrians; (8) lighting; (9) signing; (10) provision for bus stops; and (11) street furniture.  Advice is then given about the design of the following types of crossings: (1) pedestrian refuge islands; (2) zebra crossings; (3) pelican crossings; (4) puffin crossings; and (5) toucan crossings.  It is no longer necessary to submit pedestrian crossing schemes, but consultation with the police, public notice, and written notification to the Secretary of State for Transport are necessary, before establishing, altering, or removing a pedestrian crossing.  Advice is also given on providing publicity about pedestrian crossings.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Jan 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/457328</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>THE ASSESSMENT OF PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/457329</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This note recommends the practices to be followed, when planning at- grade pedestrian crossings in the UK and describes all types of crossing, including those shared with cyclists, other than those at signalled junctions.  The procedure for assessing a pedestrian crossing has the following stages: (1) site assessment; (2) option assessment; and (3) the production of an assessment framework.  In the site assessment, a site survey and a record of all relevant local and traffic factors should be made by an experienced traffic engineer. The survey should include land about 60m on each side of the site. Relevant factors include: (1) carriageway and footway type and width; (2) surroundings; (3) vehicle and pedestrian flows and flow composition; (4) average crossing time and difficulty of crossing; and (5) road accidents.  The option assessment should quantify the factors, and choose between the following crossing options: (1) do nothing; (2) traffic management or traffic calming; (3) zebra crossing; or (4) signal-controlled crossing.  The assessment framework should present clearly the effects of each proposed option being considered; the report illustrates the general form of assessment framework recommended.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Jan 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/457329</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE DESIGN AND USE OF DIRECTIONAL INFORMATORY SIGNS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/426910</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The design principles described in this note form the basis of the system prescribed by the Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions 1994 which gives more comprehensive guidance including topics not covered by this document.  The new system extends the use of colour coding by incorporating panels into directional signs coloured according to the status of the route or the nature of the destination.  The need for continuity in the use of place names and route numbers is emphasised and advice is given on the categories of place names and the order they should appear.  The treatment of special situations such, as the end of a motorway leading directly to an all-purpose road, is discussed.  Advice is given on the use of warning and regulatory and other symbols. Examples are given of car park signing, including variable message signs.  The use of distances on signs, junction and local place names and map-type advance signs for a bypassed community is discussed.  Lists of regional and primary route destinations, and x-heights and siting distances are given in appendices.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/426910</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DIRECTIONAL INFORMATORY SIGNS - INTERIM DESIGN NOTES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/426331</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions 1994 introduce new designs.  These notes set out the basic design rules and supersede those given in Circular Roads 7/75 prior to more comprehensive rules being published in the new Chapter 7 of the Traffic Signs Manual.  The rules given are not always appropriate for the bilingual signs used in Wales.  Those signs that have working drawings in the new 'P' series are listed in Appendix 1.  The note discusses the basic principles of colour coding and the recommended alphabets. Basic sign design is considered and examples given of a wide variety of stack type signs, map type signs and signs for roundabouts. Normal roundabouts, those with priority left turn lanes, those at grade separated junctions and mini-roundabouts are covered.  Details are given of the designs for dedicated lanes and route confirmatory signs.  The use of warning triangles and roundels on all types of sign is discussed.  General design rules are given for motorway signs.  Advice is given on the design of gantry mounted signs, motorway panels and junction numbers and directional signs indicating routes with motorway status.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 20 Jul 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/426331</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PROVIDING FOR CYCLISTS: PLANNING, DESIGN AND LEGAL ASPECTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/319922</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 30 Sep 1989 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/319922</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SIGNS FOR CYCLE FACILITIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/252201</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Aug 1988 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/252201</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CYCLISTS AT ROAD CROSSINGS AND JUNCTIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/238559</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Apr 1987 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/238559</guid>
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