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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>NECESSARY RESEARCH ON TRAFFIC SAFETY FOR FREEWAYS AND FIRST-CLASS HIGHWAYS IN CHINA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/265574</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Jun 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/265574</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DESIGN METHOD FOR THE PROPORTIONING OF BITUMINOUS MIXTURES IN CONSIDERATION OF PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/486293</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Combined with the failure forms often appearing in asphalt pavements, and taking the characteristics of Chinese climate into consideration, a comprehensive design method for the proportioning of bituminous mixtures in consideration of pavement performance is put forward in this paper.  The method reflects common forms of failure of asphalt pavements in the index system of mixtures.  A practical design example is given to illustrate the effect of the method.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/486293</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE ANALYSIS AND ENGINEERING APPLICATION OF THE RESULTS FROM THE ON-THE-SPOT OBSERVATION MEASUREMENT ON SOFT CLAY EMBANKMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/486294</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A measurement, including ground settlements, total-section settlements, layer settlements, over pore water pressures and deep lateral displacements, on a soft clay embankment, is introduced in this paper.  The results are analyzed.  It is pointed out that the construction quality of soft clay embankments should be evaluated through measuring the indices of vertical settlements, side displacements, pore water pressures, and so on; these indices should be used to control the fill rate of embankments, thereby ensuring the construction quality.  Finally, the meaning of the on-the-spot measurement to the construction of soft clay embankments is discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/486294</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE GENERATION OF CRYSTAL WAX IN THE COURSE OF ASPHALT AGEING IS A IMPORTANT FACTOR MAKING THE PROPERTIES OF ASPHALTS POOR</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/486295</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The contents of the waxes in six kinds of asphalts made in China both before and after their ageing are measured in this paper.  The generation of the crystal waxes with high melting points is an important factor causing deterioration in the properties of asphalts. Thermal analysis method was used to study the difference between energy variations before and after ageing.  It is shown that wax contents will increase after ageing and the melting point ranges of the waxes will become wide, the increases in waxes with high melting points are much more obvious.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/486295</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STUDY ON THE DESIGN METHOD FOR POROUS BITUMINOUS MIXTURES USED IN SKID RESISTANCE COURSES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/486296</link>
      <description><![CDATA[According to the characteristics of the skid resistance courses with porous bituminous mixtures, its mineral aggregate gradation is studied by first using orthogonal test design.  The design methods for optimum asphalt content is explored.  The design method suitable for China today is recommended.  It is shown by the orthogonal test design that the content of coarse aggregates is the most obvious factor influencing the porosity of porous bituminous mixtures; grain size distribution is the second factor, and the third is asphalt content.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/486296</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STATIC ANALYSIS OF THE STRENGTHENING SCHEMES FOR HAIZHU BRIDGE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/486297</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Haizhu bridge (in China) is a steel portal frame bridge.  The strengthening scheme by using self-anchorage suspension-bridge structure system is used for the bridge.  The mechanical analysis of strengthening process and the static analysis after strengthening are carried out in this paper.  The static analysis shows that, the elastic deflection of the middle span of the bridge caused by original dead loads will decrease after the strengthening, and load discharge is obvious; the deflections of side spans reduce, the tensile forces of back cables and the prestresses applied by some panels make the inner forces in lower chord members reduce.  After system transformation, the bridge has a reasonable mechanical structure and meets the needs of design requirements.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/486297</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A NEW METHOD FOR DETERMING TARGET RELIABILITY INDICES AND THE ANALYSIS OF MATERIALS CONSUMPTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/486298</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Target reliability indices and design partial factors are determined by combining target reliability indices with design partial factors and materials consumption.  The study is carried out as follows: first, three groups of target reliability indices are selected to respectively determine corresponding partial factors; then, the adopted group of target reliability indices and its responding partial factors are determined by using the ratio of the resistance force values from present specifications to those determined by new partial factors.  It is shown out that, aimed at the two-level structures of highway bridges, the target reliability values are determined as the second group, the design partial factors are determined as the partial factor values corresponding to the second group of target reliability indices; compared with present specifications, new specifications will reduce the material consumption by about 10% in general.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/486298</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE CALCULATION THEORIES OF STRENGTHENING REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM BRIDGES BY BOND STEEL PLATES OR REINFORCED BARS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/486299</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Two calculation theories, i.e. allowable stress method and limit condition method, for the strengthening of reinforced concrete beam bridges by bond steel plates or reinforced bars, are introduced in this paper.  The basic conceptions and detailed calculation formulae are discussed.  In the two theories, new concrete and old concrete have the same grade, and the influence of the contraction of fresh concrete on structures is not considered.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/486299</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STUDY ON THE OPTIMIZATION OF BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION NETWORK PLANS WHEN THE RESOURCES ARE LIMITED</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/486300</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper puts forward a mathematical model for the resource optimum assignment in bridge construction network plans.  The model is on the premise of limited resource.  A corresponding computer program is worked out.  The example of a reinforced concrete bridge abutment body is given and analyzed.  It is concluded that key processes enjoy priority in the assignment of limited resources, processes constructed at the same time are assigned according to the time interval from short to long; non-key processes can be put off where necessary; after the re-assignment of the resource, resource progress network plans must be calculated again to find the new key processes; when the gained resource quantity of a process is not less than the lacking resource quantity of the process, the assignment of the process is finished, and the final result is the optimum assignment quantity of the resource.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/486300</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE DESIGN OF THE CULVERTS UNDER XINING AIRPORT RUNWAYS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/486301</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Combined with the setting problems of the drain culverts in the construction of Xining Caojiabao airport, this paper discuss the problems as follows: (1) the type selection of the culverts; (2) the mechanical analysis of the culverts; (3) the structure design of the culverts; (4) the impervious handling of the culverts.  It is pointed out that the key problem is the handling of water when airports are constructed in the hilly regions where the predominant soil is grade 3 collapsible loess.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/486301</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>HIGHWAY BUILDING IN CHINA AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/486302</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Based on the strategy of sustainable development, this paper analyzes the problems that China is facing in highway construction.  The viewpoint that highway building in China follow sustainable principles is put forward.  Several problems arising from this necessity are discussed.  Finally, suggestions on how to achieve a sustainable highway building policy are presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/486302</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STUDY OF THE SUPERELEVATION ON SPLINE FUNCTION PLANE CURVES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/486303</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper first introduces the theory of spline function curves, then discusses the superelevation on both the spline function plane curve with and without nodal points in the middle.  A calculation example is worked out finally.  Compared with traditional highway plane assignments, the improved spline function plane curves are reasonable and consistent with vehicles' drive traces, and can fit in with road conditions and the change of vehicles' speed.  For superelevation on spline function plane curves, maximum superelevation values are adopted at the position of minimum curvature radii, and cubic multinomials taking curve length ratios as parameters are adopted at two sides.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/486303</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL SYSTEM BASED ON FIELD SURVEYING DATA AND ITS APPLICATION TO HIGHWAY ROUTE DESIGN</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/486304</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A method for the preliminary design of highway routes and the design of construction drawings, through establishing triangular-net digital terrain model (DTM), is put forward, by using field surveying data. This paper looks at the collection and processing of field data, the establishment of triangular-net DTM, the interpolation of the ground surface line of the profile and cross section.  The feasibility of the method for the preliminary design of routes and the design of construction drawings is analyzed finally.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/486304</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ANALYSIS OF THE METHODS FOR OBJECT RELIABILITY OF HIGHWAY EMBANKMENT STRUCTURES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/486305</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The implicit reliability analysis, and optimum reliability analysis considering the minimum total of each embankment cost, of the design method for highway embankment structures, is carried out by using calibration method and economic optimization method.  It is shown that calibration method is feasible to determine the design calibration reliability of embankment structures.  In this paper, economic analysis method is used in the optimization analysis of embankment structures, a reliability optimization model is established by considering the influence of the initial construction cost, maintenance cost and the loss cost caused by the failure of embankments under the cases of stability design and settlement analysis.  It is pointed out by the calculation of object reliability that, settlement design should be paid more attention in the design of the embankments on soft soil foundations; present methods for settlement design tend to be unsafe.  Finally, the recommended values of the object reliability for highway embankment structures are put forward.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/486305</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AN OPTIMIZATION DESIGN METHOD FOR ASPHALT PAVEMENT STRUCTRUES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/486306</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new method for the optimization design of asphalt pavement structures is put forward in this paper.  The method advocates that the selection of optimization schemes should be carried out in three steps: (1) the optimization of construction cost of pavements to make initial investment minimum; (2) the forecast and evaluation of use performance to ensure the maintenance cost and reconstruction cost in the course of the service to be minimum; (3) the selection of final scheme by fuzzy mathematical method and comprehensive evaluation.  An application example is introduced and its optimization result is analyzed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/486306</guid>
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