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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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      <title>ENERGY SAVING POTENTIAL OF ENGINE-ELECTRIC VEHICULAR DRIVES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/51870</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The overall energy savings possible through the use of hybrid powertrains in a variety of vehicle types is calculated and analyzed.  Comparisons are made with all-electric and conventional powertrains and the parallel, on/off hybrid is found to be superior in fuel economy during metro/highway driving to both of these powertrains.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Aug 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/51870</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>SURVEY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY APPLICATION PROJECTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/51881</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Contemporary U.S. hydrogen application research projects are reviewed.  Specific emphasis is placed on aircraft, industrial and domestic applications, electrical generation and storage, vehicles, and farms.  Although the study does not attempt to evaluate the technical feasibility or status of individual projects, some prognostications are made as to future hydrogen energy applications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 04 Aug 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/51881</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE PHILIPS STIRLING ENGINE: A STUDY OF ITS EFFICIENCY AS A FUNCTION OF OPERATING TEMPERATURES AND WORKING FLUIDS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/51882</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Engine efficiency, in addition to being a function of the hot side temperature, also depends on the heat sink temperature and the working fluid used.  The properties of the working fluid influence the heat transfer and the flow losses in the engine.  Furthermore, the operating conditions for which an engine has to be designed, especially the specific power output, also have a marked influence on engine efficiency.  The inter-relationship of these various parameters was studied at Philips and is presented in this paper.  /GMRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 04 Aug 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/51882</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN TAIWAN</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/51871</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Taiwan electric vehicle program was started in 1973 at the National Tsing Hua University.  In Phase I of the program, a 4- passenger vehicle has been constructed with a fiberglass reinforced plastic body.  The vehicle has a curb weight of 1200 kg, a maximum speed of 90 km/h and a range of 160 km at 45 km/h for one charge.  The lead-acid batteries used have a total weight of 500 kg with an energy density of 48 wh/kg (5 hr. rate) and a battery life of 150 cycles (deep discharge to 10.2 v).  The performance of the vehicle is found to be suitable to the local traffic conditions.  In Phase II, various production prototypes will be developed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 17 Jun 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/51871</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>APPLICATION OF A SHUNT MOTOR AND A 2 CYLINDER GASOLINE AS A HYBRID DRIVE FOR AN AUTOMOBILE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/51875</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The application of a shunt motor and a 2 cylinder gasoline engine as a hybrid drive for an automobile is described.  A drawing of the drive train and the control system is presented.  The operation of the vehicle is described from a theoretical and an empirical view point.  Test results are presented from a mileage, pollution and public opinion point of view.  Failures and hazards are described.  Extensions to future vehicles are made.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 17 Jun 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/51875</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>AN ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE MISSION, DESIGN, ENERGY IMPACT AND COST</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/51876</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As a result of changing material availability, energy feed stock, and cost, it is appropriate to re-evaluate the viability and utility of electrically-powered passenger vehicles.  To make an assessment of an electrical vehicle's potential impact and utility, it is necessary to assess vehicle performance against mission requirements and battery capabilities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 17 Jun 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/51876</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AMBIENT TEMPERATURE ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERIES BASED ON LITHIUM AND TITANIUM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/51877</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes the preliminary design engineering of the Li/TiS2 battery system.  Electric vehicle battery performance requirements were first estimated through evaluation of representative urban driving cycles and commercially available electric vehicles.  Using this design data, a modeling procedure was developed to determine the optimum cell geometry for any combination of required battery performance and observed electrode design parameters.  /GMRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 17 Jun 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/51877</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>HIGH POWER DENSITY BIPOLAR LEAD-ACID BATTERY FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE PROPULSION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/51867</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A study was conducted to test the concept of using bipolar lead-acid batteries for electric vehicle propulsion.  The goal of an experimental program was the construction and testing of a battery of sufficient size to permit valid extrapolation to larger size batteries.  Peak specific power figures of over 200 watts per pound were achieved and the specific energy of a bipolar battery was 12 to 13 watt hours per pound at the two hour discharge rate.  A vehicle mission study was conducted using computer programs developed and verified for the various types of vehicles systems on other programs.  These data were combined with the performance data of prototype bipolar lead acid batteries.  Vehicle system performance for various missions was computed and is reported.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 May 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/51867</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH HYDROGEN FUEL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/51868</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Based on a survey of existing literature, the intrinsic hazards resulting from the unique storage properties, ignition characteristics, flammability, detonability, and physiological effects of hydrogen are reviewed.  The hazards of hydrogen and some derivative components of hydrogen, including ammonia, hydrazine, methyl and ethyl alcohols, are compared to the hazards of selected conventional fuels.  The fuels selected as representative conventional fuels include diesel fuel, gasoline, JP-5, and methane.  The leakage, volatility, dissipation, ignition, flammability, deflagration, radiation, and health hazards of each fuel are considered.  Within each hazard category, the nine fuels are ranked, 1 through 9, from the least to the most hazardous fuel.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 May 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/51868</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>EXPLORATORY STUDY OF THE RAINBOW VARIANT STIRLING CYCLE ENGINE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/51869</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper a thermodynamic analysis is presented for a Stirling engine having the compression space split into two variable volumes.  The analysis was used to determine the effect of operating the machine with the volumes of the two compression spaces varying out of phase with each other and in unequal proportions relative to the expansion space volume.  Typical results are presented in the form of work diagrams with the axes rationalized to a common maximum pressure and volume.  Optimum combinations of proportion and phase angle of the two compression spaces are determined. The same approach was extended to analysis of the alternative form of Rainbow engine in which a double expansion space is used in conjunction with a single compression space.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 May 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/51869</guid>
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