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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Design Features of Traction Motors with Permanent Magnets on the Rotor for Mainline Electric Locomotives</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408123</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article deals with the creation of traction motors with permanent magnets on the rotor. The possibility of creating a synchronous traction motor with permanent magnets on the rotor in the stator of asynchronous traction motor of passenger mainline electric locomotive is considered. The requirements to the parameters of the traction motor are defined, the size and location of the permanent magnets on the rotor are optimized. Optimization is performed using electromagnetic field theory methods. Based on the results of a series of magnetic field distribution calculations, the dependences of stator winding no-load current and electromagnetic torque on the load angle are plotted. Using these dependencies, the least-squares method, the parameters of the traction motor in question are determined. The obtained values of the stator flux capacitance created by permanent magnets, inductances along the longitudinal and transverse axes meet the formulated requirements for the parameters. Electromechanical characteristics and mathematical modeling of electromechanical processes at different rotor speeds were constructed. The obtained results allow us to conclude that a synchronous traction motor with permanent magnets on the rotor in the stator of an asynchronous traction motor of a mainline passenger electric locomotive can be made not inferior in its characteristics.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Aug 2025 10:03:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408123</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Method of Reducing Frontal Aerodynamic Drag of the Pipeline Transport Vehicle</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408122</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Negative effects are investigated, namely the increase in aerodynamic drag resulting from the “piston” effect, which is manifested when the pipeline transport crew is moving. The authors propose a way to compensate for these effects, based on the formation of a movable local area of the rarefied zone directly at the crew location by the turbine unit installed on its board. As a result of modeling using computational fluid dynamics methods, the formation of a rarefied air environment directly in front of the moving crew during the operation of the onboard turbine unit has been confirmed. This method avoids the need to maintain the vacuum in the pipeline along the entire route and largely avoids the effects of the “piston” effect. Shows that the cross-sectional area of the pipeline can be significantly reduced by increasing the blockage factor which is defined as the overlap area of the crew cross-sectional area of the inner pipeline cavity by the shape of the crew. Since, when the crew is moving, the main mechanical load caused by the jump in airflow pressure is taken by the supporting body of the crew, the requirements to the strength of the hull elements of the pipeline can be significantly reduced, which significantly reduces the cost of capital construction of the latter.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Aug 2025 10:03:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408122</guid>
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      <title>Parameters of the Rail Sleeper Base Oscillatory Process in the Rail Joint Area When Using Elastic Elements</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408120</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article presents the results of field tests of under-rail pads in order to assess the effect of stiffness and the number of standard and experimental rail pads-shock absorbers on the amplitude-frequency characteristic of vibrations that occur in the ballast layer in the rail joint zone when the rolling stock is moving. To achieve this goal, the authors measured the vertical vibration accelerations arising during the trains passage in the area of the rail joint with a different number of standard rail pads-shock absorbers CP-204-M-ARS (regular) and Getzner Sylodyn NF high resilience shock absorbers (experimental). On the basis of the obtained values, the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the oscillatory process was determined by means of the Fourier transform. The main (carrier) frequencies at which the maximum amplitudes of vibration accelerations are recorded, are determined, first of all, not by the damper pad material, but by the force effect magnitude. The use of experimental shock absorber pads makes it possible to reduce and redistribute the vibration energy transmitted to the ballast layer.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Aug 2025 10:03:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408120</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Analysis of Organizational and Managerial Factors for Ensuring Traffic Safety in a National Railway Company</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408119</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article presents the structure and a promising model for ensuring traffic safety in railway transport. The systemic factors influencing the provision of traffic safety from various blocks, such as management, resource provision, production activities and control, have been analyzed. The assessment of systemic factors was carried out depending on their degree of importance. The methods of correlation, regression and factor analysis, probability theory and mathematical statistics were used. To develop a strategy for improving the traffic safety system in JSC «O’zbekiston Temir Yo’llari» the extended matrix of the SWOT- analysis that showed the relevance of two of the four strategies presented. The first is the use of modern management technologies and traffic safety management mechanisms through the introduction of automated information and analytical systems for collecting, storing, analyzing and forecasting indicators. The second is building the optimal organizational structure of the company within the framework of a vertically integrated management model to minimize losses due to traffic safety violations associated with the local control loss. To assess the formed strategies and choose the most acceptable ones, a justification was carried out according to the system of such criteria as efficiency, economic effect, expenses for the strategy implementation and the implementation period. Recommendations for improving the traffic safety system in the national railway company have been developed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Aug 2025 10:03:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408119</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Rail Transport in the Urban Passenger Transportation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408118</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The authors formulate the concept of «urban trunk transport» based on the results of a system analysis of communication methods between the allocated settlement areas (residential districts) and the central or industrial zones of large cities, the possibility of application railway radii, diameters and other types of intracity railway lines, methods of multimodal transportation hub and an transfer transportation schedule to display the interaction of different levels of urban trunk transport. Criteria for the most preferable scenarios for organizing transport communications based on the development of rail types of urban transport in an intermodal transport system are proposed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Aug 2025 10:03:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408118</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Construction of a Conceptual Model for the Container Transportation Potential by Transport Organizations for Their Integration into National Supply Chains</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408117</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The study presents a step-by-step construction of a conceptual model for the development strategy of railway container traffic for transport organizations based on identifying the structure of their potential, analyzing the state of the Russian market. The purpose and content of each stage of modeling is established, taking into account the structural elements of the potential for organizing container transportation, identifying opposing factors and problems. Empirical methods in the form of descriptions, experimental and theoretical methods are used, including the container traffic dynamics analysis, synthesis of the container-on-flat-car potential structure, system analysis of the transport market macroenvironment state, conceptual and structural-functional modeling of the stages of developing the potential for the container traffic development for Russian transport organizations. The potential structure for the container-on-flat-car development is presented, an analysis of the macroenvironment with the main operators’ characteristics is carried out, factors and reasons slowing down the development are revealed, an expanded scheme of modeling stages with established goals at each stage is proposed. The examples of the stages’ analysis for its implementation in the research process are given. The importance of identifying the structural components of the container-on-flat-car potential as a basis for developing stages of modeling the possibilities of developing container transport for the participants in this process in order to integrate them into national technological chains is shown.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Aug 2025 10:03:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408117</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Assessment of the Stress State and Strength of the Cutting Tool Used in the Rolling Stock Wheels’ Repair</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408116</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This work evaluates the stress state and strength of the cutting tool under the combined action of external factors. At the same time, a numerical method for calculating the stress state of the complex shaped carbide tool’s cutting part for machining railway wheels was used, taking into account the hardening chamfer and various values of its front surface angle. The changes in the physical and mechanical properties of the tool material under the temperature field influence and various laws of loads distribution on the tool contact surfaces, leading not only to elastic, but also to plastic deformations of the hard alloy, are taken into account. The article evaluates the static strength of the cutting tool when processing the wheels of different hardness, taking into account temperature and power effects. The technology of reuse of cutting tools for machining railway wheelsets has also been presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Aug 2025 10:03:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408116</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Optimization of the Main Parameters for the Bridge Spans on High-Speed Railways</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408115</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents a methodology that gives an opportunity to reliably perform a primary analysis of the dynamic effects and features of the span structures’ interaction for the bridge structures and rolling stock at the design speeds of up to 420 km/h. The paper determines the dependences of the influence of the bridges split beam span structures’ parameters on the nature and magnitude of their dynamic response when exposed to high-speed rolling stock. Practical recommendations on the rational designation of the main parameters of the structure (vertical stiffness, mass, range of natural vibration frequencies) are given. It is recommended to assign the main design parameters at the initial design stage in accordance with the limitations of the split beam span structures’ natural vibration frequencies lower limit for the design train speeds up to 420 km/h. The proposed restrictions allow to assign the main parameters of the structure at the initial design stage and minimize the dynamic effect of a moving load. When determining the main design parameters of span structures, it is necessary to take into account the recommendations for assigning the minimum required mass of span structures for various spans. Taking into account the proposed dependencies significantly reduces labor costs for designing and performing dynamic calculations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Aug 2025 10:03:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408115</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Stress-Strain Analysis of the Circular Orthotropic Plate Under Circumferential Loading</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408114</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The aim of this work is to construct and analyze the resulting solutions for a circular orthotropic plate using analytical methods that allow integrating differential equations containing discontinuous functions. Discontinuous functions are understood here as a unit function, a delta function and its derivatives. This approach makes it possible to directly integrate the differential equations of plates with discontinuous load and stiffness characteristics. This eliminates the need to cut the plate into separate elements, each of which has continuous load and stiffness characteristics. The article shows how the resolving differential equation of a circular orthotropic plate is obtained from the equilibrium equations. The case of an annular load acting on an orthotropic plate is considered and a comparison with the results obtained for an isotropic plate is made. It is concluded that the bending moments at α² < 1, that is, for the plates with radial stiffness D₁ greater than circumferential stiffness D₂, at the center, the plates turn to infinity, but at the same time, at α²> 1, that is, in the case when D₂ > D₁, bending moments vanish. Both that and the other results do not correspond to the conditions of orthotropic plates’ real work. This means that for orthotropic circular plates, Kirchhoff hypotheses are not applicable at the point r = 0. The article gives recommendations on the calculation of circular plates under the action of a load distributed over a circle, as well as reinforced by several circumferential ribs, which are introduced into the original differential equations by delta functions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Aug 2025 10:03:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408114</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development and Verification of a Computational Model of the Aerodynamic Impact of High-Speed Rolling Stock on Infrastructure Facilities</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408113</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Increasing train speeds on existing railways and the future development of high-speed rail links with speeds of up to 400 km/h place increased demands on all components of rail transport. The aerodynamic impact of high-speed trains on infrastructure deserves special attention. In connection with the fact that the maximum speed of rolling stock circulation on the network of operating railways reaches 250 km/h in a very small section of the St. Petersburg-Moscow line. The goal of experimental simulation of aerodynamic impact of a moving train on infrastructure objects in wind tunnels can be classified as unrealizable, then, to calculate this impact the use of software packages is required. This paper presents the development and verification of a computational aerodynamic model of high-speed train impact on infrastructure objects. The model is verified by the results of domestic and foreign studies and the conclusion is made about the possibility of its further application.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Aug 2025 10:03:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408113</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Modeling of Dynamic Crack Propagation Under Quasistatic Loading</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408111</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper considers a numerical study of the dynamic crack propagation in samples subjected to static loading. Experiments on dynamic crack propagation in samples of PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) due to quasistatic stretching were simulated. The position of the crack tip and the current crack velocity were recorded in the experiments. The study showed that the ultimate crack velocity was significantly lower than the theoretically evaluated limiting value. An unstable behavior of the crack velocity was also found: the crack velocity oscillations were observed, with the amplitude of the oscillations increasing as the crack grows. In order to simulate the experiments, a numerical scheme was developed. The scheme is based on the finite element method and the structural-temporal fracture criterion. According to this criterion, the fracture scale level is set (namely, the minimum value of the crack advancement is introduced), and the characteristic fracture time is used – the incubation time parameter, which is considered to be a material parameter. This approach provides possibility to numerically obtain the discussed experimental results including considerable crack velocity oscillations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Aug 2025 10:03:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408111</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>On the Assessment of the Lack of Penetration Height During Ultrasonic Testing of Welded Joints for Railway Products</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408109</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Based on the analysis of international and interstate standards for ultrasonic testing of welded joints for railway products, it was established that it is necessary to develop a methodology that allows determining the height of structural lack of penetration in one-sided joints of the main types: butt, tee-form and corner joints, in order to improve the manufactured products’ quality, as well as to increase operational reliability of the rolling stock. The paper presents an overview and theoretical analysis of methods for determining the height of planar flaws. Particular attention is paid to the factor influencing the systematic error in estimating the flaws size, as well as to the methodological features of the multi-element transducers’ emitting and receiving apertures parameters choice. Experimental studies were carried out using a modern flaw detector with specialized software, which implements the methods of electronic scanning of the “running” and “rocking” beam, on the samples with vertical deterministic reflectors, which simulated flaws of the “lack of penetration” type in the root of the weld. Based on the experimental studies’ results, it was established: methodological features were determined when choosing the equipment parameters, their adjustment and verification, as well as the errors in estimating the height of flaws in an undetected signal when determining the height of the reflector from the maximum of the echo signal and from the first half-wave of the radio signal were determined.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Aug 2025 10:03:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408109</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Reversion Assessment Methods During the Determination of the Market Value of the Immovable Property</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408108</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article considers questions of the assessment of one of the pricing indicators used in the income approach to the market value assessment of the immovable property - reversion. It is specified that in modern publications for the market value assessment of the immovable property ample attention is not paid for calculation methods of this indicator. It is noted that the reversion as the income indicator is taken into account in two income approach methods - the cash flow discounting method and the mortgage and investment analysis method. Four reversion assessment methods are specified, recommendations on the use of each ones are given. Terms of use of the post-forecast net operational income capitalization method, the proportional assessment method, peculiarities of use of the cost reversion assessment method are formulated. Analytic models and design formulae are indicated. In the conclusion it is noted that reversion assessment methods allow obtaining results differing in the degree of confidence, reliability. It is underlined that the main selection term for one or another method is the existence of information which is necessary for its use.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Aug 2025 10:03:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408108</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Determination of the Simulation Method of Technical Equipment and Technological Support for Non-public Tracks</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408107</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article considers the issues of determining the technical equipment and technological support of non-public tracks, using the example of the station “M”. The analysis of the technical and operational characteristics of the station and the planned freight traffic was made. The characteristic of technical means and devices providing the basic technological operations of the station “M” is presented. Substantiation of development of railway infrastructure of stations with the use of simulation modeling method has been proposed enabling to take into account rather detailed technology of station operation and to investigate the functioning process of station transport service system by varying the main characteristic of devices - number of tracks, loading facilities of the station and shunting locomotives. As a result of processing empirical data using the application program package Statistics (Statistica), theoretical probability distribution curves for the occupancy duration of the station shunting area track, its sample mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were obtained. The irregularity coefficient of freight operation at station “M” was determined to use it in the model, the loading of all major devices of the station in question was calculated and delays in waiting for service were determined. In the course of various experiments with the model of transport system functioning, the necessary for mastering the prospective work volumes were determined: track development and the number of shunting locomotives. Determination of the necessary development of the railway infrastructure of other non-public tracks can be carried out in the proposed order.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Aug 2025 10:03:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408107</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Formation of a Parametric Pricing Model in the Market for Rail Transportation of Oil Cargo</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408106</link>
      <description><![CDATA[High competition in the rail freight market, significantly complicated by the global economic downturn as a result of the pandemic, is forcing operator companies to optimize their operating models and rebuild the business models taking into account the changes in consumer behavior, primarily in the oil transportation segment. The purpose of this study is to develop and test a parametric pricing model for the oil products’ rail transportation operator, taking into account its effective impact on the operating and business model. The research methodology is based on behavioral economic theory provisions, namely, the methods of agent modeling when modeling tariffs for freight rail transportation. The methodology of merit order pricing as the formation basis of tariffs for freight rail transport uses the restrictions on the variation of price rates, taking into account the infrastructure and traction cost parameters. The main results of the study are: a parametric model of pricing for the petroleum products transportation, built on the basis of the parity distribution principles of costs for the transportation of goods between the transportation process participants and the rational use of fixed assets, first of all, the wagon (the concept of lean production). The model takes into account not only the technological and behavioral factors that determine the operator’s business model, but also their combination. The applicability of the model for all railway operators functioning in the segment of highly competitive transportation has been substantiated.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Aug 2025 10:03:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408106</guid>
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