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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE INTERNATIONAL FORUM ON ROAD SAFETY RESEARCH - BANGKOK, THAILAND, OCTOBER 25-27, 1995</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/499541</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The conference "International Forum on Road Safety Research" was held in Bangkok, Thailand, in October 25-27, 1995. It was arranged by the Engineering Institute of Thailand (EIT) and the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI). For the papers presented see IRRD 493718-493747.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Apr 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>SOME ASPECTS OF ROAD SAFETY PROBLEMS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A CASE STUDY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/499542</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Road accidents cause a great number of losses of life in the world every year. In developed countries the number of people killed is approximately 200 000 per year. In developing countries this figure is approx. 350 000. This paper addresses the traffic safety problems in Lebanon, a developing country in the Middle East. First the paper outlines some of the features of the traffic accident situation. Second some possible solutions are proposed. For the covering abstract of this conference see IRRD 493717.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Apr 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>TRAFFIC SAFETY IN AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/499543</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The main purpose of the project presented in this paper is to produce a model and methodology concerning how to conduct an efficient traffic safety work for the benefit of the unprotected road users in developing countries. The focus is on low cost traffic engineering measures. Most of them are concentrated on the reduction of motor vehicle speeds. The project will be carried out in three stages: (1) a literature study; (2) a test of the effect on road user behaviour and attitudes of the traffic engineering measures. This stage will consist of a before study, an implementation phase and an after study; and (3) the making of a model to show effects of traffic engineering measures on road user behaviour and attitudes. For the covering abstract of this conference see IRRD 493717.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Apr 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/499543</guid>
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      <title>ROAD SAFETY AND ACCIDENT TRENDS IN MALAYSIA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/499544</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The increase in level of motorization in Malaysia which is a natural consequence of the relatively rapid economic growth over the past two decades has not only resulted in the increasing demand on road space and road network expansion but also in increased numbers of road accidents. The vehicle ownership has increased from 13.4 persons per vehicle in 1970 to 2.9 persons per vehicle in 1992. Although several improvements to the public transport facilities are currently underway in the capital city of Kuala Lumpur and its conurbation, the general public would still need to depend heavily on private motor vehicles as the main transport mode. Being relatively cheap, affordable and "reliable", motorcycles form a major share of the motorised vehicle population and motorcyclists for the majority of the road fatalities. Although various strategies and measures have been implemented there seem to be no significant change to the road accident problem in the country. This paper aims to discuss the road safety and road accident situation in Malaysia. An analysis of the past and present trends in road accidents, casualties and fatalities is presented. Differences in accident characteristics between Malaysia and selected developed countries are highlighted and discussed in relation to its implications in developing new strategies. A number of accident trend models that relates accidents and accident fatalities to certain accident exposure variables are also presented. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 493717.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Apr 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>TRAFFIC SAFETY - A MAJOR PROBLEM OF THAILAND TODAY. DO WE KNOW THE CURE?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/499545</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Thai economy, traffic and accident rate is increasing at a speed that is unique compared to the former experience of Western societies. However, traffic is increasing faster than the growth of the economy. This means that investments and improvements of the traffic system are left one or two steps behind in time. The paper goes on comparing the situation of Thailand today with the situation of Sweden in the sixties. The author finds several similarities and then asks whether the time is right for all of the Thai society to move on to concerted and unified action for traffic safety. No safe answer could be given but the author concludes that Thailand has all the motives to focus on traffic safety now. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 493717.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Apr 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/499545</guid>
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      <title>CITY SPACE - A SCARCE RESOURCE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/499546</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A comparison of land use and transportation characteristics in cities shows that the lower the rate of automobile dependency, the higher the degree of land utilisation, the higher the rate of public transport and walking/bicycling, the lower the energy consumption, and the lower the environmental impact. Urban density - or space consumption - is therefore a good indicator of how a city will function from an environmental point of view. The ideal city development seems to be one that can control consumption of land, strive for a variety and integration of urban functions on a human scale, restrict the use of automobiles and give high priority to safe and comfortable walking and biking together with an effective public transport system. It is shown that walking and biking are the most efficient modes of transport and that they consume up to 50 times lower areas (persons per square metres and hour) and volumes (persons per cubic metres of city space and hour) for movement on separate lanes in a city centre than motor vehicles. A shift to a new paradigm for urban and traffic planning is necessary, and conserving city space - thinking spatially - will be an important way to achieve Sustainable City Development and Sustainable Transportation.(A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 493717.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Apr 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/499546</guid>
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      <title>CAR SAFETY AND ITS FUTURE POTENTIAL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/499547</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper, traffic safety will first be described by the three factors that mainly influence the outcome of an accident - the human being, the vehicle, and the traffic environment. Examples of countermeasures for each of these areas are given.  Volvo's safety philosophy is described.  In-house working methods are examined.  The work of Volvo's Traffic Accident Commission is studied and examples of the output are given. New innovations, such as the 'black box' crash recorder, are presented. A unique method for predicting the actual safety level of a new car, long before it is even on the road, is briefly described. A combination of crash tests, computer simulations, and the data from real-world accidents provides the necessary input to make this prognosis. Finally, various safety rating methods are briefly reviewed. The three basic categories, ratings based on accident data, crash test data, and expert assessments are described. Pros and cons using these methods are discussed.  For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 493717.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Apr 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/499547</guid>
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      <title>ROAD SAFETY AND ROAD MAINTENANCE. KEY FACTORS OF AN ADVANCED ROAD ADMINISTRATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/499548</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper stresses the importance of seeing the safety aspect as the most significant part of a modern road network maintenance system. Investments in road safety in special and in road maintenance in general is claimed to be more economical efficient than other infrastructure investments. The author also focuses on compliance with technical standards taking safety barriers as an example. For the covering abstract of this conference see IRRD 493717.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Apr 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/499548</guid>
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      <title>ENGINEERING APPROACHES TO REVERSING A WORSENING ROAD ACCIDENT TREND IN MALAYSIA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/499549</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Malaysia has, like several other countries in the Asia Region, enjoyed rapid economic development in recent years which has led to a substantial growth in its vehicle fleet. Unfortunately, this has in turn contributed to a steadily increasing annual road accident death toll which over the past 5 years has averaged a 6.5% increase each year with fatalities in 1994 alone now exceeding 5,000.  In 1990 a Cabinet Committee for Road Safety was formed, which set an overall fatality reduction target of 30% to be achieved by the year 2000, and drew up a national action plan which, it was hoped, would produce such a reduction. However, current accident figures clearly indicate that this target is not being met. This paper reviews the efforts that have been made in the road engineering field within the Plan, including expenditure of US$35 million on a blackspot improvement programme. The schemes introduced have tended to be high cost and, despite some indications of overall accident savings, the measures have not produced enough impact on the national problem. Proposals under consideration at present to attempt to bring the situation under control and back on track are discussed. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 493717.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Apr 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/499549</guid>
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      <title>MODELING AND FORECASTING TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS OF KOREA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/499550</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The main objective of this research is to investigate a traffic accident forecasting model by using Korean traffic accident data from 1970 to 1989. Box-Cox general regression technique is employed to test other related issues and to better forecast traffic accidents in Korea. This paper also investigates some alternative functional forms in predicting traffic accidents in Korea. Most of the previous studies in traffic accidents simply assume linear, long-linear or log-log-linear functional forms traffic accidents in Korea. Using the generalised Box-Cox functional form, particular functional forms can be tested.  Forecast performance is compared among various models. The results show that the generalised Box-Cox model for traffic accident forecasting is indeed superior to traditional linear or log-linear models in ex-ante and ex-post predictability. Tests of Box-Cox parameters reveal that the previous studies for linear or log-linear model is statistically rejected for its parameter restriction. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 493717.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Apr 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/499550</guid>
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      <title>STATISTICAL MODELS FOR NUMBERS OF FATALITIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/499551</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objective of the work presented in this paper, which addresses traffic safety in developing countries, is to: (1) discuss the accident situation in the United States, Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland; and (2) develop statistical models that describes the relationships between traffic fatality rate and time for the above mentioned countries. For the latter the best regression equation was determined. For the covering abstract of the conference se IRRD 493717.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Apr 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/499551</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>CHARACTERISTICS OF DRIVERS UNDERSTANDING OF POSTED SIGNS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/499552</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the research presented in this paper the drivers' knowledge of traffic signs has been studied statistically. Significant differences have been identified between drivers of different categories in their understanding of both regulatory and warning signs. Imported aspects studied includes prior accident involvement, traffic offence history, age, driving experience, gender education, income and nationality. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 493717.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Apr 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/499552</guid>
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      <title>TRAFFIC ACCIDENT PREVENTION FOR SENIOR CITIZENS IN JAPAN</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/499553</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes the recent trends of traffic accidents and the safety education measures in Japan.  It focuses on the accident involvement of elderly road users (65 and older), both as pedestrians and drivers. In Japan only 20 per cent of the senior citizens have a driver licence. Thus traffic safety education has been directed towards pedestrians. They have been educated through community-based senior citizens' clubs, leaving non participating elderly without lectures or involvement in safety campaigns. The growing population of people over 65 with a driving licence will require attention and some educational programs are presented. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 493717.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Apr 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/499553</guid>
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      <title>ATTITUDE STUDIES AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR ROAD SAFETY EDUCATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/499554</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The prediction of the individuals behaviour from knowledge of their attitudes has been investigated for some time. The aim of this paper is to discuss the meaning of attitudes, how it can be assessed and finally what impact it can have on traffic safety research. The author's viewpoint can best be described as a constructionist. It is argued that a theoretical model measuring attitudes would help in the understanding of drivers committing different offences. This would, in turn, assist in the development of effective means of intervention and prevention. In order to change behaviour one must recognise that drivers' competence is not only a matter of physiological and psycho-motor abilities but also of inter-personal, emotional and cognitive skills. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 493717.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Apr 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/499554</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>ROAD ACCIDENT ANALYSIS IN (FORMER) SOUTH YEMEN</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/499555</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper reports some of the findings of an ongoing research in road traffic accident in Yemen. The paper studies road traffic accidents in the former South Yemen for trends and rates for the period between 1978 to 1989. The paper also compares fatality rates, fatality indices and severity indices with results from other countries. Regression analysis technique has been employed to obtain the trends of the number of registered vehicles, fatalities, injuries and number of accidents. The statistical relationship between the above mentioned variables and time span are presented. Results from rate analysis show that the vehicle ownership level (i.e. number of vehicles per 10000 of population) has increased from 186 in 1978 to 426 in 1989. The average value of the vehicle ownership level for the mentioned period was 344 vehicles per 10000 persons. This value is considered to be low compared to developed and even some developing countries. The safety parameters (fatality, injury and accidents rates per head of population and per registered vehicles) have been studied and are presented in a tabular and graphic form. The safety situation in South Yemen, measured by the fatality rates per head of population and per registered vehicle (combined together as suggested by Jacob, 1986) as well as fatality and severity indices, have been compared to some developing and developed countries (Jordan and Great Britain). (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 493717.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Apr 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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