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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>The construction of a community and road education scheme (C.A.R.E.S. facility)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/768218</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The former South Sydney City Council approved the construction of a Community and Road Education Scheme (C.A.R.E.S facility) in Sydney Park, St Peters, in 1995.  A C.A.R.E.S Facility is a community road education scheme that has been developed to provide children aged from 8-12 years with the opportunity to acquire bicycle skills and road safety knowledge in a safe environment.  The construction of the C.A.R.E.S facility was completed in September 2003.  The project was extensively delayed as a result of the many issues that emerged relating to the construction of buildings on contaminated sites and the lengthy negotiations that involved two environmental auditors.  This paper aims to outline some of the issues Council encountered when completing this project and proposes a number of recommendations. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no.  E211724.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Dec 2005 15:04:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/768218</guid>
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      <title>Regional vs metropolitan transport plans</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/768217</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Today the integration of lifestyle and urban environment is becoming more  and more important.  For that reason, the built environment and better urban living, has become a priority for authorities and practitioners.  In particular the continuing need for better transport systems and the need for a better environment has lead to an increased level of interaction between urban design elements and traffic and transport measures.  These elements and measures can differ considerably between regional and metropolitan  areas.  This paper provides two case studies where the principles of urban design guidelines have been incorporated as part of the proposed traffic and transport plans for a regional townsite and a metropolitan city. (a)  For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E211724.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Dec 2005 15:04:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/768217</guid>
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      <title>The NSW Sober Driver Program: an interagency collaboration between the Motor Accident Authority, Roads and Traffic Authority and NSW Dept of Corrective Services-Community Offender Services</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/768216</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Every year in New South Wales, approximately 20,000 people are convicted for drink driving offences.  In 2002, alcohol was a factor in 21 per cent of all fatal crashes.  The economic cost of these crashes to the community  is approximately $192 million.  Repeat drink drivers represent a significant proportion of the drink driving problem in NSW.  Australian and international research shows the recidivist drink driver to be resistant to traditional interventions.  The Sober Driver Program was developed as a whole- of-government initiative to target serious road safety problems caused by repeat drink drivers in NSW. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E211724.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Dec 2005 15:04:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/768216</guid>
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      <title>Now you see me, now you don't [road safety and visual perception]</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/768215</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper profiles and explains a road safety phenomenon known as a 'looked but failed to see' error which leads to large numbers of accidents worldwide each and every year.  The paper shows how consideration of vehicle colour schemes and liveries can have a positive effect in improving the conspicuity of vehicle fleets and ultimately in reducing accident rates.  The topic is particularly relevant to authorities responsible for worksite and field vehicle safety. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E211724.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Dec 2005 15:04:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/768215</guid>
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      <title>Gopher broke! [facilities for people using special mobility vehicles]</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/768214</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Gopher Broke is a pedestrian awareness campaign that specifically targeted people who use Special Mobility Vehicles (SMV) or Gophers.  The program looked at the engineering of footpaths and access ramps and also ensured that pedestrian refuges would be placed at appropriate crossing areas.  This gives Councils the ability to ensure that future facilities are in accordance with the needs and limited abilities of the users of Gophers.  Educating the participants of the workshops and the general community is an integral component of the program with increased community understanding the community takes ownership.  Conclusions of the program are that with support from a variety of agencies a program like this can be beneficial for all local councils; with feedback from the groups it has enabled the councils to look at the facilities that are needed for people that require assistance with their mobility. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E211724.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Dec 2005 15:04:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/768214</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The changing face of road maintenance engineering: interactive road maintenance engineering</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/768213</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper the authors examine the development of a method for acquiring network maintenance segments based on measured condition data, rather than the traditional fixed reference segments.  Once this works program has  been developed, an interactive methodology is shown to provide the road maintenance engineer with the tools to measure the effect, in terms of key  performance measures and budget, of moving the budget produced works program into an effective operational works program.  The methods described in this paper are based on the method developed over the past nine years on  the ten year Performance Specified Maintenance Contract in the Sydney Metropolitan Area and 5 years on the New Zealand PSMC contract. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E211724.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Dec 2005 15:04:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/768213</guid>
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      <title>A proposal for reducing the liability risk of local authorities arising from severe rainfall</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/768212</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A proposal is made for local authorities and other public works agencies to prepare for the likelihood of an increase in litigation concerning drainage failures in severe storms.  An increase in litigation is forecast because of recent tort law reform, which has limited access to the courts for  negligence claims involving personal injury, pain, and suffering.  The preparations suggested include brainstorming and risk assessment of vulnerabilities, and prior arrangement of teams to capture hydrologic and hydraulic data immediately following every severe storm which might lead to litigation. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E211724.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Dec 2005 15:04:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/768212</guid>
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      <title>Toorooka Bridge: a bumpy ride to bridge the Macleay</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/768211</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper discusses the challenges faced by Kempsey Shire Council (KSC) during the design, construction and commissioning of a new bridge spanning  the Macleay River 35km west of Kempsey.  Such challenges are ever more common in local government where employees progressively have to do more with less.  Increasingly employees are subjected to tighter budgets, fewer resources, greater accountability, environmental controls, scope creep and rigid restrictions in the workplace.  Despite these obstacles, the staff involved on the project generally exhibited a positive attitude. Valuable lessons were learnt during this project and these will have to be implemented. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E211724.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Dec 2005 15:04:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/768211</guid>
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      <title>Water sensitive urban design in Sutherland Shire</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/768210</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In Sutherland Shire the emphasis is changing to managing stormwater at source as a resource with retention and reuse taking precedence over disposal and waste.  This new thinking is now popularly known as Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD).  The new Sutherland Shire Business Incubator in Loftus is being used as demonstration project.  Stormwater management at the Business Incubator sets a precedent for Council and development in Sutherland Shire, generally, but the real value of the project will ultimately be as an educational tool in the introduction of WSUD as a requirement in all new development in Sutherland Shire. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E211724.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Dec 2005 15:04:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/768210</guid>
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      <title>Timber bridges: clots in the arteries?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/768209</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Greater Taree City Council has a large number of timber bridges relative to most New South Wales Councils.  They have serviced the community well for around 100 years, but as the axle loads, traffic volume and speed of traffic has increased, the timber bridges have been showing their age.  GTCC  has increased funding to attend to the issue, however the age and usage of the bridges has meant that Council resources have been stretched to capacity.  Many load and speed limits have been implemented to ensure public safety.  To make sure that public concerns are met a Bridge Task Force has  been set up so that the public can convey relevant information so their most pressing concerns are addressed. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E211724.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Dec 2005 15:04:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/768209</guid>
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      <title>Old roads, new directions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/768208</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Old Roads New Directions is the name given to an ongoing project by the Blue Mountains City Council which has inspired employees and is leading the  way forward to a more sustainable society.  In the last two years the Council’s Operations Branch has significantly reduced the City’s impact on the surrounding World Heritage listed park by recycling construction waste,  designing better roads and inspiring employees to make a difference.  Through a comprehensive education and training program the Council’s workplace culture has been transformed, enabling people to work together to identify problems, analyse sustainable solutions and then implement them. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E211724.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Dec 2005 15:03:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/768208</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Pavement management support to local government</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/768207</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Australian Asphalt Pavement Association (AAPA) was formed in 1969 and  represents the flexible pavements industry in Australia by promoting the  cost-effective use of asphalt and bitumen bound products on a sound technical and commercial basis.  In July 2003, a formal alliance between AAPA and the Institute of Public Works Engineering (IPWEA) was signed with a common purpose to provide enhanced services for members of both organisations.  This paper identifies and expands on some of the current issues and provides a framework of support for local government to achieve future improvement of the pavements infrastructure within the constraints of available  funding to meet the needs of their customers. (a) For the covering entry  of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E211724.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Dec 2005 15:03:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/768207</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Fairfield City Council's creek care program</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/768206</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Fairfield City Council has eight creeks (over 80 kilometres) in the city flowing into both the Georges River and Hawkesbury Nepean Catchments.  The  impact of development over the last 50 years has resulted in severe degradation of the natural habitat and water quality in these creeks.  In 1998  Fairfield City Council went through a major review of its strategic direction, and focused more directly on environmental issues.  The "Creek Care  Program" which commenced in 2003, integrates on-ground works with planning and community education to improve and maintain the City's creeks and creek corridors. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E211724.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Dec 2005 15:03:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/768206</guid>
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      <title>Rehabilitation of Edith Bay Reserve Wetland</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/768205</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The rehabilitation of Edith Bay Reserve Wetland, on the Georges River at Lugarno NSW demonstrates the changing face of public works engineering as councils take on a community leadership role in ecologically sustainable development.  In the past, wetlands were commonly permitted to degrade.  Now, local government engineers must embrace the environment and recognise that wetlands offer unique habitat areas with important ecological processes.  Projects are now considered successful only if they meet a range of both technical and social objectives.  Wetlands must encompass water quality  improvement and a broad range of other objectives. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E211724.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Dec 2005 15:03:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/768205</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Motorcycles, 'dangerous' or 'high risk': is there a difference?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/768204</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the same way that many road safety practitioners make a clear distinction between accidents and crashes, there is a clear distinction between motorcycles being dangerous and motorcycles being high risk.  Accident implies an event that cannot be predicted and cannot be avoided, while on the other hand a crash can be predicted and avoided if appropriate strategies are adopted.  In a similar way dangerous implies that motorcycles by their very design will inevitably result in death or serious injury.  High risk implies that with appropriate knowledge the risk associated with riding a motorcycle can be managed to an acceptable level. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E211724.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Dec 2005 15:03:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/768204</guid>
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