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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Impact of Significant Discounts for Low-Income Groups of Passengers in Railway Transport on the Development of Transport Performances</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325526</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To achieve the sustainable and green mobility available to everyone regardless of their social situation, it is necessary to regulate the fares by the responsible public authority. Some countries have introduced free fare or significant discounts for selected groups of passengers, such as children, students, and pensioners, which has brought up a question if such a measure is efficient from the social point of view. On one side, this approach would change the transport behaviors of socially disadvantaged groups of population, on the other side, it can lead to an outflow of fully paying passengers due to a lower comfort and quality of services. In this paper, the authors evaluate the impact of introduced measures in fares on the transport performances of rail passenger transport, using the methods of time series analysis and forecasting.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 May 2024 17:13:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325526</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Comparison of the Process of Public Tender and Direct Award in Rail Passenger Transport in Slovakia</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325525</link>
      <description><![CDATA[European member states have been opening to competition in passenger rail transport in recent years, while others are still on the road to liberalization. The European Commission has decided to address the significant decline in rail transport performance through its competitiveness and sustainable development policy. The most important can be considered the removal of barriers, harmonization, and harmonization of standards. Finally, it is a process of liberalization, the aim of which is to ensure non-discriminatory access to the railway network for other carriers (national and private) from any member state, as well as to make the functioning of the existing monopoly more accessible. railway companies more efficiently. The article is focused on a comparison of the form of concluding contracts for transport performance in the public interest in railway passenger transport in the Slovak Republic. The article describes the process of concluding contracts for transport services in the public interest in the form of direct assignment and in the form of a public tender. The comparison of the public tender process and direct submission is applied for the line Bratislava - Dunajská Streda - Komárno. The requirements of direct awarding and public tendering are compared, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the criteria for evaluating bids in public tendering or in the case of direct awarding. Four indicators that influence this process are also compared.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 May 2024 17:13:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325525</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Analysis of Operational Performance of Intermodal Transport Terminals in Slovakia in the Context of Intermodal Transport Infrastructure Development in EU Countries</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325523</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The development of intermodal transport and the increase in transport performance in this segment of the transport market are, among other factors, determined by the quality of transportation infrastructure. Transportation infrastructure for intermodal transport includes not only transportation routes but also nodal points where a change of transport mode occurs. These nodal points of transport mode change are intermodal transport terminals. The throughput capacity of individual components of the internal infrastructure of a terminal can be a limiting factor in determining its performance, such as the number of transshipped intermodal transport units. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the current state of operational performance of functional terminals in Slovakia and compare it with the anticipated customer requirements. Based on this analysis, it will be possible to determine the capacity utilization of terminals and, if necessary, decide either on densifying the existing network of terminals or on the relevant development of selected components of the internal infrastructure of existing terminals. The analysis is primarily focused on a critical element of the internal infrastructure of terminals, which is the performance of transshipment facilities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 May 2024 17:13:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325523</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Building Smart Mobility in the City of Žilina</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325524</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A smart city is a term occurring more and more often at the level of city management. The constant development of information and communication technologies (ICTs) also provides municipal governments with opportunities to use them in their day-to-day activities. Involvement of these means in city management brings numerous benefits for the municipality and residents related to a better traffic situation, faster public administration, and generally lower ecological impacts. The mobility of Slovak cities experiences several problems associated with the limitation of infrastructure and the significant predominance of individual transport. Consequently, the occurrence of traffic jams and collision situations is becoming more and more frequent. Smart mobility brings an approach a city should adopt towards traffic management, utilizing the ICTs, while making it easier for residents and visitors to move around the city and travelling the “last mile”. The aim of the article is to describe the development of building smart mobility in the Slovak city of Žilina. Based on the identified development, subsequently, the aim is also to introduce other possibilities for improving mobility in the city, using smart elements.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 May 2024 17:13:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325524</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Railway Freight Corridors in the European Union</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325522</link>
      <description><![CDATA[With the approval of four regulatory railway packages of the European Union, the development of railway traffic, the opening of the goods and passenger transport market, the expansion of liberalisation, the removal of barriers, and the gradual establishment of a single European railway area have been achieved. The competitiveness and efficiency of freight railways in Europe have been accomplished by establishing international freight corridors. The Alpine–Balkan rail freight corridor was established for more accessible and better-quality goods transport services between Central and Southeast Europe with a connection to Turkey.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 May 2024 17:13:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325522</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Proposal of the Logistics Chain Focused on the Transport of Iron Ore and Its Products by Multimodal Transport for the Slovak Automotive Industry</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325521</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The aim of this paper is to illustrate a specific case of the circulation process in a logistics chain, which includes multimodal transport with the use of several transshipments and, of course, the active, multiple involvements of railway, inland water, and road transport in the entire logistics process. The authors will follow the circulation process of one of the basic raw materials in the production of steel, i.e., iron ore, and subsequently the circulation process of the final product, i.e., galvanized steel coils, which are one of the highest qualities, and most expensive steel production products.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 May 2024 17:13:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325521</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Development Strategy of Czech State Railway Infrastructure</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325519</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article deals on development strategy of Czech state railway infrastructure of both conventional and high-speed lines. Based on priorities of both the EC and Czech government, the strategy defines long-term goals until 2050 like high-speed rail traffic will triple, rail freight traffic will double, scheduled collective travel of under 500 km should be carbon neutral within the EU and finally the multimodal Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) equipped for sustainable and smart transport with high speed connectivity will be operational for the comprehensive network. Správa železnic, state organization has introduced its strategic management since 2018. Development strategy of the organization, faced with increasing of intermodal competition between both railway and road transport, is a basis for qualified setting of measurable and it means checkable goals of which the organization shall reach and together with it setting of provisions leading to match those goals. Matching of strategic goals is assessed in quarter-year cycles by means of individual provisions in Action plan. The Czech Republic invests increasingly in the modernization of conventional railways and the preparation of high-speed lines.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 May 2024 17:13:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325519</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Possibilities for the Development of Intermodal Transport in Slovak Republic</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325520</link>
      <description><![CDATA[One of the main goals of the EU transport policy in the field of freight transport is to improve interoperability, unify technical standards and procedure support more ecological and energy efficient freight transport. In the area of freight transport, support for intermodal transport is essential. The synergistic effect created by the combination of several modes of transport has significant technological and environmental benefits. Such a supportive approach can lead to a more efficient and reliable transport of goods, thus improving the competitiveness of European freight transport. The aim of this contribution is the variants of proposals for intermodal transport support in the Slovak Republic.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 May 2024 17:13:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325520</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Risk Management in Transport Planning</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325518</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The carrier must try to eliminate risks that have a potentially adverse impact on the company. The effort is to prevent the loss of customers, passengers, or individual orders. This research was carried out due to the lack of a functional risk management setting in the field of carriers considering the important processes of traffic planning, in the creation of vehicle and staff circulations. The implementation of the new methodology was carried out by the carrier České dráhy, in the Czech Republic. The result is the identification, analysis and proposal for the elimination of selected technical-operational risks resulting from traffic planning for a railway passenger carrier through the modified FMEA method. The methodology is universal and can also be used for other transport companies. The application is possible in the field of planning the working time pool of operational employees and the use of the potential of means of transport.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 May 2024 17:13:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325518</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Fuzzy Logic as a Decision-Making Tool for Transport Request Selection</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325516</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the competitive transport industry, carriers strive to deliver quality service while meeting the diverse needs of their customers and their own unique characteristics. Few rail freight operators use the tools available to help them make the right decisions about what is profitable and what is not. Evaluating individual transport requests and making the right choices can lead to better service and improved profitability. To efficiently evaluate individual transport requests and make informed decisions, this paper proposes the use of fuzzy logic can be used. The paper considers 6 real transport requests and evaluates them using fuzzy logic.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 May 2024 17:13:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325516</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Digitalization of Mandatory Periodic Revision of Switches by the Railway Infrastructure Manager</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325517</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The issue of diagnosing and maintaining railway infrastructure is an essential part of its operation. This issue also encompasses the topic of switch inspections. Switches are one of the most heavily used components in a railway track, which is why their inspections are necessary at regular, relatively short intervals. To ensure the safety and smooth operation of the railway, switch inspections are carried out at quarterly intervals. Currently, the results of switch inspections in the conditions of the Czech and Slovak railway infrastructure managers are processed manually, which is a limiting factor in maintenance at present. The current state of scientific and technical knowledge creates opportunities for improving and streamlining measurements on railway infrastructure, which can result in increased safety and reliability of railway operations. This article presents partial results of a research project focused on the possibilities of introducing digital processing of measurement results from quarterly switch inspections in the conditions of the Czech infrastructure manager - Správa železnic, n. o., and the Slovak infrastructure manager - Železnice Slovenskej republiky. In brief, it highlights the advantages of measuring the structural elements of switches with a digital "gauge" compared to manual methods. The second part of the article outlines the solution for digital data management and possibilities for their evaluation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 May 2024 17:13:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325517</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Issues for the Introduction of Hydrogen-Powered Rail Vehicles on Hungarian Regional Railway Lines Through an Example from Germany</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325515</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The research provides an answer for the introduction of a hydrogen rail system in Hungary, based on an ongoing project in Germany. The research will provide a solution for a more sustainable replacement of the rail branch line services, which currently generates significant emissions. The research also takes into account the important issues of energy trade, i.e. the unpredictable wind and solar energy storage in the summer months. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that it describes the situation of the Hungarian branch line railway infrastructure on the one hand and the problem of storage and use of renewable and surplus seasonal energy in Hungary on the other hand. The study compares the CO2 emissions of three selected regional railway areas in Hungary with the amount of hydrogen consumption on the same line. The current level of hydrogen production in Hungary at the national level and in the regions under study was determined.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 May 2024 10:45:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325515</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Innovative Procedures for Equipping Passengers in Railway Passenger Transport in the Conditions of Slovak Railways in the Next Pandemic Period</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325513</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The global health crisis in 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic affected the entire EU and seriously affected passenger rail transport as well. With the declaration of a state of emergency in the Slovak Republic, international rail transport with all neighboring countries was temporarily halted, as was the operation of IC trains. The operation of all customer centers and the reservation office for personal handling or selected sales points was also suspended. The sale of national reservations was suspended, and the queuing of restaurant wagons, sleeping wagons, couchettes and car carrier wagons was also limited. The article focuses on solving the situation of the arrival of many passengers at the same time at the railway stations, when large queues are formed in queue of the personal cash registers in the railway stations. The aim of the contribution is to propose procedures for minimizing the waiting time in personal cash registers and to minimalize the spread of the disease COVID-19. The proposal of procedures for the provision of passengers in the post-pandemic period is applied to Trnava and Košice railway stations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 May 2024 10:45:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325513</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Alternative Propulsion in Railway Passenger Transport – the Way to Green Transport</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325514</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Alternative and hybrid propulsions in railway passenger transport can significantly contribute to the reduction of the greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants around non or semi-electrified railway lines, what is beneficial for the environment and human health. These new technologies can bring savings in operational and societal costs. The article deals with the comparison of the production of pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions when using different rolling stocks (diesel, hybrid, etc.) on the semi-electrified railway line Vrútky - Horná Štubňa. Based on available valuations of individual types of externalities, the external costs are calculated for different rolling stocks taking into account the parameters of the selected railway line (electrified or non-electrified section of the line, rural or central area and so on).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 May 2024 10:45:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325514</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Systematic Approach to the Design of Logistics Solutions and a Methodology for their Evaluation in the Field of Greening Freight Transport</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325510</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the mentioned article, the authors present a systemic approach to solving the problem of transport with an important aspect and emphasis on greening. The authors present a methodology for assessing supply chains using a process approach and the application of environmental strategies in the rail transport sector, where they identify potential limitations in material, financial and information flow in detail. To facilitate this evaluation, the authors also present the possibility of a software solution that they developed as a separate methodology for the field of intermodal transport.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 May 2024 10:45:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325510</guid>
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