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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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      <title>ACTIVE SCOUR MONITOR INSTRUMENTATION IN THE CALIFORNIA TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/705092</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) has embarked on a program to eliminate potential scour damage to the vast number of waterway crossings throughout the State of California.  Identifying and developing scour mitigation countermeasures for each scour critical structure is the first part of the solution.  However, the monies allocation, environmental permit and clearance approvals, and construction of the mitigation plan can take months, if not years, to complete.  To minimize the risks to the traveling public once a scour problem has been identified until mitigation completion, Caltrans seeks methods to actively monitor the scour conditions at scour critical structures.  Although monitoring does nothing to prevent scour from occurring, active monitoring is expected to provide some warning that scour conditions have reached a level requiring immediate attention.  Such active monitoring contributes to maintaining safety for the traveling public. This paper reviews what has been implemented, the successes and failures, as well as the possible future of scour monitoring in California.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Aug 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/705092</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A METHODOLOGY FOR PREDICTING CHANNEL MIGRATION NCHRP PROJECT NO. 24-26</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/705093</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Stream channel migration can have a significant impact on the design, maintenance, and inspection of bridges and other highway facilities.  Practicing highway hydraulic engineers could benefit from a practical methodology to predict the rate and extent of channel migration in their efforts to reduce the cost of design, repair, rehabilitation, and countermeasures for lateral channel instability.  The objective of National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 24-16 is to develop a practical methodology to predict the rate and extent of channel migration (i.e., lateral channel shift and down valley migration) near transportation facilities.  The research products will include not only a final report describing the predictive methodology, but also an extensive archived database, published on CD-ROM, that contains detailed morphological data, aerial photos, historical banklines, and maps for more than 1,400 bends on 87 rivers and streams across the United States. In addition, a stand-alone aerial photo/map comparison handbook that provides a complete applications supplement for Project 24-16 will be published.  The comparison techniques in the handbook will include geographic information system measurements and extrapolation routines.  The archived database and handbook will be intended for use by the Federal Highway Administration and State departments of transportation, but should also be of interest to future researchers and practitioners responsible for river channel maintenance and river restoration/rehabilitation projects.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Aug 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/705093</guid>
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      <title>PREDICTING MEANDER MIGRATION: EVALUATION OF SOME EXISTING TECHNIQUES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/705094</link>
      <description><![CDATA[River meanders migrate over time; this migration endangers civil engineering structures in general and highway bridges in particular.  Predicting and preventing this migration is part of the responsibility of the hydraulic engineer and of the geotechnical engineer working together.  This article describes and evaluates two approaches used to predict the migration of meanders:  the empirical approach and the time-sequence maps and extrapolation approach.  Empirical methods are based on correlations using data bases of observed behavior, while the time-sequence method uses previously observed movement of a given meander to predict its future migration.  Six case histories on four rivers are used to evaluate the precision and accuracy of these methods by comparing the predicted and measured migration.  The results show that some empirical methods are conservative, some are unconservative, and none of them are very accurate or precise.  The time sequence method gives more information on the meander movement, is relatively precise and accurate to predict the radius of the best-fit circle of the future meander location, but is not precise to predict the migration rate of the center of that circle.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Aug 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/705094</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>COLLAPSE AND EROSION OF KHON KAEN LOESS WITH TREATMENT OPTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/705095</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Khon Kaen loess is one of the problematic soils in the Northeastern region of Thailand.  The soil has a potential to collapse, which has been caused by wetting.  This study reports the characteristics of Khon Kaen loess under saturated and unsaturated conditions.  From laboratory testing results, shear strength of Khon Kaen loess increases linearly with matric suction at low suction pressure and remains constant beyond the residual suction.  Its relationship gives an angle of internal friction with respect to soil suction of 32 degrees.  Since Khon Kaen loess exists in abundance and covers a very large area of the region, this study aims to investigate the suitability of this soil as a material for road construction.  A series of trial slope embankments were constructed in order to evaluate the behavior of the loess.  The field observations showed that the testing embankment was stable under traffic loading and erosion of soil occurred by water infiltration from ground surface.  The trial embankment reinforced with geosynthetic materials was also tested.  The results showed the effectiveness of geosynthetic material as one of the remedial measures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Aug 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/705095</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ANALYSIS OF CONTRACTION AND ABUTMENT SCOUR AT TWO SITES IN MINNESOTA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/705096</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) deployed the USGS bridge-scour data collection team to collect real-time scour (contraction and local) measurements at two contracted bridge openings over the Pomme de Terre River in western Minnesota during record flooding in the Minnesota River Basin in April 1997.  The compiled field data were used to calibrate a step-backwater model (HEC-RAS) at each site.  The total computed scour depths compared very well with total scour depths measured in the field.  A much poorer agreement was found when comparing the computed abutment and contraction scour depths with the depths measured in the field. The overall comparison provided insight to the capabilities and limitations of using one-dimensional models and the available abutment and contraction scour equations to predict scour at contracted bridge openings.  New methodologies must balance the desire to fully explain complex processes with the need to provide procedures that are time and cost effective to apply.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Aug 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/705096</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FACTORS AFFECTING STREAM AND FOUNDATION STABILITY AT EXISTING BRIDGES IN NEW JERSEY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/705097</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Scour analysis procedures for existing bridges as adopted by the Federal Highway Administration (HEC-18) require extensive data collection both in the field and in the design office.  Data collection methods are discussed here to serve as guidelines. For "unknown foundations," when no as-built drawings are available, test borings are found necessary, in order to determine any presence of rock, rock elevations and the foundation depth.  The factors which affect stream stability include the location of the bridge either close to a river bend or at a skew angle to the direction of flow, aggradation, longitudinal slope and coefficient of roughness.  The factors which affect foundation stability include the use of shallow foundations, placing the footing above computed scour depth and deficiencies such as absence of river training measures and lack of foundation armoring.  A methodology for scour study is summarized here.  In addition to hydrologic studies applicable to New Jersey rivers (Stankowski method), hydraulic studies (applying HEC-RAS software) and detailed scour analysis (using Excel Spreadsheets for HEC-18 formulae) were performed.  The procedures developed represent the current state of the art in the USA and serve as practical basis for a similar scour study. Scour studies of two typical bridges show that the S.I. & A. Inventory Codings for Phase I need to be revised.  The first bridge can be "salvaged" by extensive foundation repairs, while the second bridge would need replacement.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Aug 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/705097</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PIER SCOUR PREDICTION FOR MISSISSIPPI RIVER BRIDGE, PIER 11 FOR THE 08-03-93 FLOOD EVENT, BRIDGE CASE 7</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/705098</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A prediction event was organized for the conference.  Papers of those who participated are presented in Volume III of the conference proceedings.  In this paper the authors present a method to estimate the maximum depth of scour around a bridge pier and apply it to solve bridge case 7.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Aug 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/705098</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PIER SCOUR PREDICTION FOR MISSISSIPPI RIVER BRIDGE, PIER 17L FOR THE 05-01-91 FLOOD EVENT, BRIDGE CASE 8</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/705099</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A prediction event was organized for the conference.  Papers of those who participated are presented in Volume III of the conference proceedings.  In this paper the authors present a method to estimate the maximum depth of scour around a bridge pier and apply it to solve bridge case 8.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Aug 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/705099</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ON THE PREDICTION OF THE MAXIMUM DEPTH OF A SCOUR HOLE AROUND CYLINDRICAL BRIDGE PIERS IN NON COHESIVE SOILS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/705100</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A prediction event was organized for the conference.  Papers of those who participated are presented in Volume III of the conference proceedings.  In this paper the authors present a method to estimate the maximum depth of scour around a bridge pier and apply it to solve cases 1, 2, 7 and 8 of the prediction event.  The requested predictions for the maximum depth of scour in non-cohesive soil around bridge piers are calculated by using a semiempirical approach.  The presented method was derived from the continuity equation of mass and a balance of the acting forces during scouring in a non-cohesive sediment bed.  As part of the results, the calculated evolution of the maximum scour depth with time is also shown.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Aug 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/705100</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CONTRIBUTION PREDICTION VAN OORD ACZ</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/705101</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A prediction event was organized for the conference.  Papers of those who participated are presented in Volume III of the conference proceedings.  In this paper the authors present a method to estimate the maximum depth of scour around a bridge pier and apply it to solve cases 1 through 8, which consisted of 6 flume test predictions and 2 actual case studies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Aug 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/705101</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PREDICTION OF LOCAL SCOUR OF NON-COHESIVE SEDIMENT AROUND BRIDGE PIERS USING FVM-BASED CCHE2D MODEL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/705102</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A prediction event was organized for the conference.  Papers of those who participated are presented in Volume III of the conference proceedings.  In this paper the authors present a method to estimate the maximum depth of scour around a bridge pier and apply it to solve bridge cases 1 and 2.  The FVM-based CCHE2D model is a depth-averaged 2-D numerical model for flow and sediment transport in open channels.  It is enhanced to simulate the local scour around hydraulic structures after modifying Wu et al's (2000) sediment transport capacity formulas to account for the influences of pressure gradient and turbulence intensity on sediment movement.  Preliminary tests using 34 sets of experimental data from bridge piers and spur dikes show that the measured and simulated maximum scour depths are in good agreement.  The FVM-based CCHE2D model is applied to simulate the local scour around bridge piers in test cases 1 and 2.  The predicted maximum scour depths are 0.182 m and 0.205 m, respectively, with a margin of about +/- 20% errors.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Aug 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/705102</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF LOCAL SCOURING AROUND A CYLINDRICAL PIER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/705103</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A prediction event was organized for the conference.  Papers of those who participated are presented in Volume III of the conference proceedings.  In this paper the authors present a method to estimate the maximum depth of scour around a bridge pier and apply it to solve bridge case 1.  In order to be able to obtain the realistic flow characteristics such as the downwash motion in front of the pier, the horseshoe vortex around the pier, the vortex shadings behind the pier, etc., the CCHE3D model, developed, verified and validated by the scientists of the National Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering at the University of Mississippi, was applied. Special features for accounting for the effects of downwash, vortices and fluctuating turbulence intensity on the sediment entrainment and transport capacity have been added to the transport model.  In addition, the non-equilibrium sediment transport equation has been used to further enhance the accuracy.  The resulting three-dimensional turbulent flow and enhanced sediment transport model has been applied to the simulation of the bridge pier scour development study.  After calibration of the so-called site-specific parameters using physical model and field data, a validation procedure was conducted based on additional physical measurement having not been used in the calibration process.  The calibrated and validated CCHE3D is then used to perform a prediction of the maximum scour hole depth for Case No. 1.  The maximum depth and geometry of the scour hole at the end of prediction time are included.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Aug 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/705103</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FLUME TESTS RESULTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/705104</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A prediction event was organized for the conference.  Papers of those who participated are presented in Volume III of the conference proceedings.  In this paper, the 6 flume tests for the prediction event are described in detail.  The flume test set up, including the flume system and measurement tools are introduced first.  Then the experimental procedure is outlined. Finally, the measurements and important observations of the scour generation are presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Aug 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/705104</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>COMPARISON BETWEEN PREDICTIONS AND MEASUREMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/705105</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A prediction event was organized for the conference.  Papers of those who participated are presented in Volume III of the conference proceedings.  The prediction request led to 5 responses, dealing with some or all 8 prediction cases.  In this paper the prediction results are compared with the measurements from the flume tests or the field data.  The methods used by the predictors are described briefly.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Aug 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/705105</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>3-D NUMERICAL MODELING OF FLOW AND SCOUR AROUND A PILE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/705073</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A 3-D flow code, EllipSys3D, tested and validated, has been implemented along with a morphologic model to simulate the scour process around a vertical circular pile in a steady current in the case of non-cohesive sediment.  The k-omega turbulence model has been used for closure.  The morphologic model includes (1) a two-dimensional bed load sediment transport description, and (2) a description of surface-layer sand slides for bed slopes exceeding the angle of repose.  The simulation captured all the bed features, i.e., the scour hole and the formation of a downstream dune at the initial stage, and the truncated cone-shaped scour hole in the equilibrium stage.  The maximum equilibrium scour depth obtained from the simulation compares fairly well with the measurements.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Aug 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/705073</guid>
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