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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>THE PROBLEM OF "REGULATED BRAKING" WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THOSE PARAMETERS WHICH ARE IMPORTANT FOR BRAKING TRACE MARKS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/161518</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper shows up two important areas.  A summary and extension of those fundamentals which are significant for the problem of "regulated braking" forms one of these. Included in this are especially those relations which are connected with the behaviour of tyres under very varied conditions.  The second important area is that embracing the testing station with measuring and regulating equipment and the investigations carried out with this. With the aid of the testing station developed, a straight rolling wheel is subjected to a steady braking moment and steady slip.  With this coordination is reached even in the unstable region of the braking force-slip-curve.  The effects of constant moments and constant slip are determined and discussed especially with regard to the trace marks.  In addition further parameters are considered i.g. wheel load, speed and temperature. (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/161518</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DEFORMATION OF PASSENGER CARS ON UNDERRIDE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/154329</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The impact of cars on underrun prevention equipment was examined.  The level of the underrun protection beam had a great effect on total deformation and the impacting forces. A comparison of dynamic collision tests with quasi-static deformations of underrun protection equipment indicated the strength of the underrun equipment required for static tests. (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Oct 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/154329</guid>
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      <title>THE ROTATING AND OVERTURNING PROPERTIES OF TOWED VEHICLES ON CURVES AND UNEVEN CARRIAGEWAYS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/152671</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In order to extend available methods of calculating the safety of motorized towed vehicles against overturning, a mathematical simulation of the rotating and overturning properties up to the critical range was made on a three dimensional highly realistic model.  Upon entry into a curve at 90% of the theoretical overturning speed the overturning process is inevitable within 0.5 seconds.  At changes of lane at an excessive speed, before the vehicle overturns, the vehicle goes off course and requires an excessive amount of space and in this case the steering behaviour of the driver is of the greatest importance. Under unfavourable circumstances, e.g. where there is a transverse fall in the carriageway, the critical speed can be lowered by up to 30%. Progressive damping of rotation by means of appropriate stabilizers is advantageous.  The influence of the application of rotation damping is shown to be limited. (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Jul 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/152671</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE BRAKING BEHAVIOUR OF CARS WITH SINGLE AXLE TRAILERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/80214</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This work reviews the behaviour of cars with caravan trailers.  Cars with all three engine-/drive variations and caravans of different sizes with and without over-run brakes are considered.  Attention is centred mainly on two criteria, the change in the quality of braking due to the trailer and the locking of the trailer axle.  It is shown that when braking takes place with small trailers without over-run brakes the quality is drastically reduced, but with over-run brakes the danger of trailer axle locking is overcome.  Overloading of both the car and the trailer badly affects the braking quality irrespective of the type of vehicle or trailer, but overloading the trailer has the greatest influence.  A non-linear over-run spring reduces the locking effect of the trailer axle without any great change in braking quality. /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 13 Jan 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/80214</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE INFLUENCE OF STEERING CHARACTERISTICS ON DRIVER AND VEHICLE BEHAVIOUR</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/54081</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The aim is to collect information on the driver-vehicle-road system, special attention being devoted to the steering gear ratio as a design parameter.  For this purpose extensive tests were carried out on ordinary roads with a vehicle, in which the steering gear ratio and also the steering effort required could be varied independently. Results were evaluated on the basis of statistical correlation functions, amplitude distributions and efficiency spectra.  It was found that during normal driving on twisty roads the driver reacted less to acceleration or steering moment information than on straight sections of road.  The steering angle spectra for curved stretches of road were narrower and of lower frequency than on straight stretches.  Evaluation of the spectral densities shows that for slower speeds on bends more direct gear ratios are to be preferred, whereas for higher speeds less direct transmissions are advantageous. /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Mar 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/54081</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ASSESSING THE CORROSION OF HYDRAULIC BRAKE PIPES ON MOTOR VEHICLES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/54148</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Measurement methods used in the testing of materials are studied in relation to their suitability for testing corroded built-in brake pipes.  The study shows that all traditional methods of examination are too expensive and in certain cases even dangerous for the examiner (nuclear physical methods).  It is a disadvantage that those brake pipes situated in the most corrosion prone places are also the most inaccessible.  On the basis of systematic bursting tests, the second section of the paper determines what degree of compression stress corroded brake pipes will stand and how much the wall thickness can be reduced before splitting occurs in the case of emergency braking. Mechanically worn pipes were studied for the purpose of a precise comparison.  The studies revealed that bursting pressures of 1500 bar occurred even on brake pipes built into sixteen year old vehicles.  Only in cases where the wall thickness has been reduced to approximately 0.05 mm is cracking of the pipes to be expected.  An analysis of the dependence of corroded brake failures on age shows that a type of old age split occurs in the seventh year.  The older the car the greater the element of risk involved.  In the case of badly maintained vehicles which exceed the critical age, it is left to the judgement of the examiners to demand proof that invisible brake leads have been renewed.  In future the risk can be markedly reduced by not laying brake pipes in inaccessible cavities of the body or floor of the vehicle, unless they are capable of being flushed out.  In this way the corrosion areas caused by wet, dirt and deicing salt residues can be avoided. /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Feb 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/54148</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>REGARDING THE SKIDDING OF MOTOR VEHICLES DURING CORNERING AT FAST SPEEDS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/54101</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The investigation of the skidding of vehicles during cornering was carried out on a comprehensive mathematical model.  Single system tyres, wheel tracking, steering, suspension, damping, and the most important resiliencies, were reconstructed on this model, as accurately as possible. Measurements were taken in order to study tyre performance during large angular deviations and the performance of anti locking mechanisms during cornering.  Two different tests were used to investigate the accuracy of these calculations. Three simplified mathematical models provide information as to which calculation method is an absolute requirement for the study of that particular kind of driving performance. The most important causes of skidding on bends such as braking, significant increase in the lock angle and sudden loss in the adhesion coefficient of the carriageway are investigated in detail.  A simplified theory elucidates the influence of various factors on the skidding process and the simultaneous veering of the steering away from the direction of driving. /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Dec 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/54101</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INFLUENCE OF VEHICLE PARAMETERS ON THE IN-MOTION PERFORMANCE OF MOTOR VEHICLES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/54124</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The study is concerned with research into the influence of vehicle parameters on vehicle operation.  The influence of basic motor vehicle design on in-motion performance was examined, with particular reference to the distribution of mass.  A mathematical model was developed which allowed for 18 degrees of freedom and all couplings, suspensions and shock absorbers as non-linear functions.  The results calculated from a series of simulated test drives indicate the favourable influence of high front axle weight, low moment of inertia and long wheel base on the in-motion performance of a motor vehicle during the execution by its driver of rapid changes in course.  Furthermore it was evident that by using steering effects which change the performance of the stationary vehicle towards an increased under-steering tendency, the response of the vehicle to steering movements is influenced favourably whereas the damping behaviour is impaired.  The dynamics of the vehicle response to sudden changes in the steering angle were discussed on the basis of a linear vehicle model with 2 degrees of freedom.  /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Dec 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/54124</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INFLUENCE OF WHEEL SUSPENSION KINEMATICS ON VEHICLE HANDLING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/39403</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A system of spatial individual wheel suspensions was set up and used to develop a method of calculating five-point design which takes account of the special features of actual wheel suspension designs. The method of calculation enables all conventional wheel suspensions and steering to be dealt with accurately, without using the concepts of the centre of momentum and the axis of rolling. The method of calculating kinematics was introduced into a circular travel model for vehicles having four individual wheel suspensions, and calculations of variation were made relating to the kinematics of the front and rear axle. It was shown that apparently slight modifications to the dimensions of the limbs of the wheel suspensions can exert a considerable influence on the steering of a vehicle. This may be compared with the roll stiffness and its distribution over the axles. /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/39403</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>VACILLATIONS, FLUCTUATIONS OF WHEEL LOAD AND OVERTURNING POINTS OF SEMI-TRAILERS UNDER THE ACTION OF VARIABLE TRANSVERSE FORCES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/39405</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The influence on tilting limit of vacillations caused by transverse forces acting on the centre of gravity of the vehicle was examined by computer, account being taken of various structural influences. Two theoretical boundaries were then considered.  Given a transverse force which starts suddenly and remains constant, the limit of tilting falls below the static value.  A rectangular crosswise force of shorter duration results in an increase. An indication was given of the effect of driving speed, steering frequency and damping on the oscillations brought about by periodic sharp steering movements. Tests were conducted almost up to driving limits on a semi-trailer. These measurements, in association with the calculations, provide data on the various conditions which lead to overturning, and on tilting limits. /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/39405</guid>
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