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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Use of Soil-Cement Piles for Bridge Support</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164664</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents the experience gained by the California Department of Transportation on the use of soil-cement piling techniques for the support of a bridge widening structure in San Francisco, California. Four pre-production soil-cement piles, installed using a soil-cement jetting system, were tested in compression and tension. One of the piles was fully instrumented with strain gauges and tell-tales. The tests revealed that high side resistance measured in dense sands is caused primarily by irregularities in the soil-cement pile surface. Tests also indicate that post-grouting of soil-cement piles represents an effective remedial alternative to mitigate non-compliant piles.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Feb 2026 13:53:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164664</guid>
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      <title>Micropile Load Testing and Installation Monitoring at the CATS Vehicle Maintenance Facility</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164658</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A three-story building was founded on 19.1 cm (7½ in) diameter micropiles socketed 4.3 m (14 ft) into the underlying bedrock to meet the strict settlement requirements for a light rail system. A static load testing program consisting of three test piles located across the site was conducted to verify design assumptions concerning micropile axial loading and settlement. In addition, extensive installation monitoring was conducted during micropile installation. The results of the micropile load testing program showed that micropile installation could have a significant influence on pile top load-displacement relationships and pile capacity. Therefore, an extensive production pile monitoring program was conducted to verify proper micropile installation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Feb 2026 13:53:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164658</guid>
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      <title>Micropiles in Karst: Interstate 70, Frederick County, MD</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164652</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The cutter and pinnacle features of karst present foundation challenges as encountered by the interchange and frontage road improvement project along Interstate 70 (I-70), Frederick County, Maryland. The project area traverses a karst area with an aggressive sinkhole occurrence rate of approximately eight new sinkholes per year, with 147 known sinkholes documented by 2003. Two pump stations lift and remove storm water from geosynthetic lined storm water ponds. The deep foundation system for these pump stations required penetrating 34 m (110 ft) or more of soil and epikarst to bear in competent material. Micropiles are well suited for the anticipated subsurface conditions since installation techniques enable a production pile to also serve as a verification hole of the bond length. Proper application of pile termination criteria ensure an acceptable foundation element and will aid in minimizing grout loss. A total of 61 micropiles were installed for the two pump stations. The 180 mm (7 in) O.D. micropiles were bonded into limestone rock to provide an axial resistance ranging from 355 to 445 kN (80 to 100 kips). Pile depths varied from 8 to 49 m (25 to 161.5 ft), indicating the highly variable subsurface rock contours. Three load tests were performed, with one micropile exhibiting a plunging-type failure when it was bonded in and subsequently sheared a pinnacle.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Feb 2026 13:53:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164652</guid>
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      <title>Statnamic Load Testing of Large Diameter Piles at Rigolets Pass Bridge Replacement Project</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164626</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Statnamic load testing was performed on three 66 inch (1,676 mm) diameter, post tensioned, spun cast, concrete cylinder piles and one 30 inch (762 mm) square pre-stressed concrete pile as part of a construction phase load test program for the replacement of the US 90 over Rigolets Pass Bridge near Slidell, Louisiana. The test program also included dynamic testing on all piles and static load testing of the 30 inch (762 mm) pre-stressed concrete piling. Statnamic loads approaching 6,000 kips (27 MN) were utilized on the cylinder piles to fully mobilize side shear in these predominantly friction piles. The static load test and Statnamic load test results on the same 30 inch (762 mm) square pile showed excellent agreement in both load and displacement up to the point of the limiting applied static load. The signal match on this pile showed greater displacement at similar loads. The Statnamic tests of the cylinder piles showed ultimate static capacities of 2,966 kips (13.3 MN), 3,077 kips (13.7 MN) and 3,315 kips (14.7 MN). While the CAPWAP analysis of re-strikes on these piles showed ultimate static capacities of 1,245 kips (5.5 MN), 2,030 kips (9.0 MN), and 2,116 kips (9.4 MN). These results suggest that the Statnamic test method was able to fully mobilize the pile side shear resistance, while the dynamic test results were subject to the available hammer energy which was not sufficient to fully mobilize the ultimate static capacities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Feb 2026 13:53:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164626</guid>
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      <title>Geo-Denver 2007: Contemporary Issues In Deep Foundations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663590</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Proceedings of Geo-Denver 2007, New Peaks in Geotechnics, held in Denver, Colorado, February 18-21, 2007. Sponsored by the Geo-Institute of ASCE. This Geotechnical Special Publication contains 40 papers on various types of deep foundations. The field of deep foundations is one of the oldest and broadest topics in geotechnical engineering, yet one that continues to evolve new and innovative technologies for economical solutions to challenging ground conditions. Topics include: drilled shafts; concrete cylinder piles; micro-piles; auger-cast piles; steel pipe piles; and recent advances in design, analysis, modeling, construction, testing and performance of these deep foundation systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Feb 2026 09:17:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663590</guid>
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      <title>Case History of an Anchored Earth Retention System for Stabilizing a Bridge Abutment during Construction</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2153386</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The design of anchored earth retention systems for providing lateral support of adjacent ground is a highly empirical approach involving geometry and stiffness characteristics of the wall support system and retained earth. Typically, when designing an earth retention system, simplifying assumptions are required to reduce an indeterminate soil-structure interaction problem into a simple structural system for analysis, whereby movements of the wall and surrounding ground are limited within acceptable levels. This paper presents a case history of an anchored earth retention system for stabilizing a bridge abutment during construction. Factors considered in the overall design and construction of the system and the impact of these on ground movement are presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 13 Feb 2024 09:15:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2153386</guid>
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      <title>Effects of Pile Driving Through a Full-Height Precast Concrete PanelFaced, Geogrid-Reinforced, Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) Wall</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2153384</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Geogrid-reinforced mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls are used for bridge approach/abutment applications. The bridge structure is typically supported on pile foundations constructed through the reinforced mass. The common construction technique is to build the MSE wall after the piles or the pile sleeves are installed. An alternative construction technique is to drive the piles through the constructed reinforced mass. This alternative offers significant construction advantages over the traditional approach. Full-scale demonstration/testing was conducted to investigate the feasibility of this alternative construction technique. The constructability of driving steel H piles through an HDPE geogrid reinforced MSE wall was demonstrated. This paper documents the wall construction and materials, instrumentation, and monitoring results of the full-scale demonstration/testing. The design implications and the advantages of this proposed construction technique are summarized.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 13 Feb 2024 09:15:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2153384</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Case Studies In Earth Retaining Structures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2337139</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This Geotechnical Special Publication contains four papers that address the performance of earth retaining structures. Assumptions for design and construction can only be verified or contradicted by careful monitoring of performance. Papers feature various aspects of the use of earth retaining structures in both mechanically stabilized and in situ construction.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 09 Feb 2024 14:29:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2337139</guid>
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      <title>Rock Slope Protection System for Differential Weathering Materials</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1269533</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project involves construction of a 5.4 mile new railroad alignment located in Indiana County, Pennsylvania. The project required the removal of 1.4 million cubic yards of soil and sedimentary rock and resulted in cut slopes as deep as 150 ft and side-hill fill slopes as high as 45 ft. Subsurface investigation indicated that the excavations would expose rock strata that exhibit differential weathering characteristics and could potentially re-activate pre-existing shear planes identified by slickensided surfaces in the test borings. In order to reduce the excavation quantity and right-of-way acquisition, a slope protection system consisting of rock anchors, reinforcing steel mesh, shotcrete, and sub-horizontal drains was developed. This innovative system allowed the design team to utilize steeper rock cut slopes, reducing right-of-way and construction costs. Six inclinometers and seven monitoring wells were installed to monitor the three major cut slopes during and after construction. Inclinometer data indicated movement along distinct shear planes that asymptotically approached zero following the completion of excavation and blasting activities. Construction quality assurance involved 14 verification tests and 31 proof tests for the rock anchors as well as laboratory testing of the shotcrete test panels.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Aug 2014 10:47:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1269533</guid>
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      <title>Embankments, Dams, and Slopes: Lessons From the New Orleans Levee Failures and Other Current Issues</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1268251</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This Geotechnical Special Publication contains 21 papers on engineering issues related to flow, deformation, and stability of earth structures and on lessons learned from the failure of the New Orleans levees after Hurricane Katrina. The papers on the flow and deformation of earth structures advance the capabilities to model, evaluate, analyze, and monitor flow and deformations of earth structures. The papers on the stability of earth structures examine the design and performance of structural systems used to stabilize slopes and protect rapidly weathering rock. Papers by representatives of teams investigating the damage caused by Hurricane Katrina address issues related to the performance of the levee system as well as perspectives on lessons learned and possibilities for future directions of the Hurricane Protection System for Southeast Louisiana.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Aug 2014 10:47:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1268251</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Drilled Piers Used to Stabilize a Slope in Residual Clays</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1269531</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An unstable slope with a slip surface in residual clay was instrumented with slope inclinometer tubes and piezometers to assist in subsurface characterization and to locate the failure surface. Shear strengths in the residual clays were determined by torsional ring shear tests. Slope stability analyses indicate a slip surface that is generally consistent with surface observations and the instrumentation. Drilled piers socketed into shale bedrock were used to stabilize the slope. Pier displacements and loads for the structural design of the piers were estimated by a finite element analysis using a linear elastic beam-on-elastic-foundation model. The piers were installed in two parallel, staggered rows and inclinometers were installed in one pier and in the slope between piers. Post-construction slope movements and pier deflections were monitored. Numerical analysis was used to calculate the shear forces and moments that develop in the piers, and the results are compared to the predictions used in pier design. The shear forces and bending moments determined from the post-construction monitoring compare favorably with the predictions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Aug 2014 10:47:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1269531</guid>
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