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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>One way ticket</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/810019</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The introduction of the national concessionary travel scheme in Scotland has increased business for suppliers of ticketing technology. Wayfarer Transit Systems is fitting its TGX ticketing platform to Travel Dundee buses and ERG Transit Systems is supplying electronic ticketing machines to Stagecoach. ERG equipment has also been selected by Stagecoach New Zealand and Utah Transit Authority in the USA. Wayfarer has worked with NoWcard to develop a smart card system for Blackburn and Bolton, UK. Oyster is offering a two-for-one deal at tourist attractions in London. Oystercard is now used for over 50% of all bus and tube travel in London. The upgrade of the Tyneside Metro will include improvements to the ticketing system. National Express uses m-ticketing, ticketing systems that rely on mobile phones. Almex Information Systems is to supply Almex Optima electronic ticketing machines to FirstGroup Scotland. Technology is still required to handle cash. Scan Coin and Banking Automation provide cash handling equipment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 05 Jun 2007 00:13:39 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Interior designs</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/810018</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The importance of choosing the right coach interior for customer appeal and second-hand value is discussed by UK coach sales managers. Factors rated as having a lasting appeal include passenger and driver comfort, space, reclining seats, and modern fabrics that cool on hot days and are easy to clean. Moquette continues to dominate the seat trim market. Blues and greys with a touch of warmth are proving popular for seats and wall linings. Many coach operators prefer demountable toilet cubicles allowing touring coaches to be demoted to local work after some years in service. Paper towels are favoured over hand driers and open shelving is favoured over overhead lockers with doors. An effective heating system, a drinks dispenser and a DVD player are considered essentials for modern coaches. The need to make coaches accessible for people with disabilities is also influencing coach interiors. Front-mounted lifts are the most popular. Coaches are being fitted with airliner-style concealed overhead lighting. Ease of cleaning is important.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 05 Jun 2007 00:13:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/810018</guid>
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      <title>Anti social costs</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/810017</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Vandalism and glass-damage are problems for UK bus operators. Reading Buses report all incidences of stoning to the police. Internal cameras have proved effective in deterring or identifying glass etchers and passengers who break windows from the inside. Sacrificial coatings are used on upper deck windows. Halton Borough Transport suffers from smashed windows, particularly in Runcorn where hedges and bushes provide cover for stone throwers to attack buses on the Runcorn Busway. Again, internal cameras have been successful in reducing vandalism. New buses have bullet-proof glass in the driver's offside window. Most of Halton's buses are gasket-glazed so that windows can be rapidly replaced. Superscreens offers a 24-hour service repairing and replacing bus windows. Esprit Windscreen Systems supplies repair kits that operators can use themselves. The challenges involved in replacing windscreens on modern coaches are discussed. Bonded glass usually has to be installed under cover and takes time to cure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 05 Jun 2007 00:13:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/810017</guid>
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      <title>Slick operators</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/810016</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Developments in tyre management by bus operators in the UK are discussed. The experiences of Nottinghamshire firm Marshalls, which runs 20 buses and coaches, are outlined. The company fits new tyres in pairs on the same axle, usually the front. This allows the front tyres to be recut and used on the back. Six-weekly examinations include a visual inspection, tread depth measurement and pressure checks. Marshall favours Continental tyres and works with Newark tyre supplier Tanvic Tyre and Service Centre, part of Continental's ContiNetwork Partner network. Goodyear Dunlop runs a similar network under the TruckForce ActionLine banner. Continental uses Bankvulc Tyre Contracts and Commercial Contract Tyres to help it deliver its tyre management services alongside ContiEuroService. The company has also launched the ContiLifeCycle concept. Michelin has tyre management contracts with Go-Ahead's London Central operation and London General. Goodyear Dunlop has launched FleetOnline Solutions for contract administration and the Pneu-Logic wireless inspection system. Bridgestone has launched a similar system under the TIM brand. Details are given of new tyre ranges developed for buses and coaches by Bridgestone and Goodyear Dunlop.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 05 Jun 2007 00:13:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/810016</guid>
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      <title>Competitive future for Northern Ireland</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/810015</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In Northern Ireland there is an integrated transport system, with bus and rail services generally provided by one operator, Translink. A new approach to public transport has been announced by transport minister Richard Cairns following proposed changes in local government and the creation of a new Northern Ireland passenger transport authority. The new local authorities will have responsibility for planning, designing and securing public transport services. Translink will continue to be the main provider, but limited competition will be introduced. The public transport system will continue to be regulated. Changes will be made over the way that public transport services are given financial support with a move from capital funding towards revenue funding. Translink has welcomed the minister's announcement. The success of the Metro bus network in Belfast has led to new networks being introduced in other towns. Translink's clear development strategy has led to growing passenger numbers on Metro and Goldline. The number of passengers on the railways is also growing.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 05 Jun 2007 00:13:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/810015</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Falling behind in the clean bus race</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/810014</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee (EAC) on progress on reducing carbon emissions from transport has called for reforms to the bus regulatory regime in the UK and highlighted the lack of progress on the reduction of carbon emissions from transport. Passenger Transport Executives (PTEs) have claimed that poor bus services are undermining their ability to reduce carbon emissions both directly and through tackling traffic congestion. The EAC recognises that buses are more carbon efficient than cars and is critical of the government's Climate Change Programme for failing to notice this and for failing to support the introduction of low carbon cars and buses. The EAC suggests that the Department for Transport must address incentives for bus operators to introduce low carbon vehicles.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 05 Jun 2007 00:12:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/810014</guid>
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      <title>Keeping to the schedule</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/810013</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Developments in the market for timetable and scheduling provision in the UK are discussed. Trapeze has taken control of Action Information Management and its portfolio of real time passenger information, journey planning and mobile workforce management packages. Omnibus has acquired Depot Allocation System from Excel Solutions. Grampian Software has announced a deal with Go-Ahead Group for the increased use of Grampian's Duty Allocation System. Grampian has also appointed an agent in the USA. Omnibus is active in Hong Kong, Qatar and New Zealand. Lancashire County Council uses the Omnibus packages including OmniSTOP to provide stop-specific timetable information and OmniTIMES to produce bus timetables. Omnibus has developed a file that can be used by London bus operators to supply scheduling information to TfL's iBus project. Eastbourne Buses and Reading Buses use the Omnibus suite of packages in addition to manual systems. Stagecoach Cambridge and Peterborough use the Trapeze package for timetabling.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 05 Jun 2007 00:12:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/810013</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The debate rolls on</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/810012</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The argument over bus regulation in the UK continues. This article reports contributions to the inquiry by the House of Commons transport select committee on bus regulation. The complaints from Passenger Transport Executives (PTEs) regarding the current situation included frequent changes in bus services, the amount being spent on subsidised services, lack of power to coordinate services, and operator resistance to quality contracts. On the other side, partnerships formed under the current regulatory regime have shown benefits. This was demonstrated by speakers from Brighton and Hove city council and Cambridge county council where bus use has grown as a result of working partnerships between council and bus operators. The applicability of London-style tendering to other areas was seen as an expensive option.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 05 Jun 2007 00:12:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/810012</guid>
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      <title>Hybrid buses: over there, right now</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/810011</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Bus operators in the USA are increasingly switching to ultra low sulphur diesel. Biodiesel is being introduced in a growing number of fleets. Approximately 7.5% of America's transit buses run on compressed natural gas (CNG), which reduces pollution but not costs. Maintenance costs are typically 15-20% higher for CNG than diesel. Significant users of CNG buses include Los Angeles Metro and Orange County. Hybrid buses, e.g. the Orion VII from DaimlerChrysler, are being introduced by New York City Transit, San Francisco Muni and Toronto Transit Commission. The Orion VII is powered by BAE Systems' HybriDrive technology that reduces emissions and is claimed to be more fuel-efficient than alternatives. Hybrid buses from General Motors are also being introduced in cities in North America. Users of the GM hybrid include Gillig and New Flyer. Hybrid buses have proved to be reliable, with improved fuel economy and lower emissions than diesel-powered vehicles.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 05 Jun 2007 00:12:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/810011</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Joining up the networks</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/810010</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Two UK Passenger Transport Executives (PTEs) have announced new integrated travel information and awareness plans: Centro with Network West Midlands and South Yorkshire with Travel South Yorkshire. Both PTEs highlight research that shows people are unaware of the extent of the local public transport network. The initiatives aim to provide people with an integrated travel system with more information and simpler ticketing. The vehicles are unlikely to be branded in any significant way, although some PTEs are now using corporate liveries on tendered routes. In Merseyside, the benefits of system-wide branding are visible throughout the region. Edinburgh is planning to improve integration, with the introduction of a new multi-operator ticket. The current impetus for network promotion is coming from local government rather than operators.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 05 Jun 2007 00:12:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/810010</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Have you got the look?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/794067</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The importance of image and branding in increasing passenger numbers on UK buses is discussed. The Witch Way service on Blazefield subsidiary Burnley and Pendle Travel's new Wrightbus Eclipse Geminis is described. Each bus features a witch on the side of the vehicle flying across the face of the moon. Each bus is named after one of the witches who was tried and executed in the Pendle area in the early 17th century. Blazefield brands a number of other services including The Zone brand in Keighley. Each time a new brand is introduced, it is accompanied with a lot of publicity and new buses are always used. Wilts and Dorset has opted for a revised version of its standard livery to identify the 30 buses on its More service. Witch Way and More buses do not carry exterior advertising, but prefer to promote their own services. The More branding has increased passenger numbers and reduced vandalism. Most liveries are applied using pre-cut adhesive vinyl. Vinyl livery specialists include Signs Express and Smart Graphics. Specialist advice on livery design is available.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 10 Apr 2007 08:37:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/794067</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Joined-up transport</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/794070</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The public transport system in London, UK, is considered successful. One reason for this is that it is perceived by its users to be a network of buses, trams, underground and trains with the various modes working together. Creating a similar network feel in the deregulated and commercial sector outside London is a challenge. A new network concept is being tested in the West Midlands, following an extensive research and development exercise involving focus groups. The work was overseen by Centro, the West Midlands Passenger Transport Executive. It was clear that people did not see transport in the West Midlands as a network. The challenges to the development of Network West Midlands included different branding and colours and different formats of information between services. Bus operators are generally supportive of the network. There will be a network map showing all public transport modes within the West Midlands conurbation. A network logo will be placed on every vehicle.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 10 Apr 2007 08:37:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/794070</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Is PlusBus the answer?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/794066</link>
      <description><![CDATA[PlusBus is a ticketing concept that gives rail passengers unlimited travel on buses at both ends of their journey. It can be bought as an add-on to any rail journey that starts or finishes at participating stations. It is managed by Journey Solutions, the Confederation of Passenger Transport and the Association of Train Operating Companies. PlusBus is available at almost 250 stations. Bus firms get a commission at a rate of 9% on the bus proportion of the ticket value. Cradley Heath in the Midlands is the most used PlusBus destination, due to its closeness to the Merry Hill shopping centre. The small take up of PlusBus to date has been blamed on poor marketing. A template has been used to ensure compatibility across the UK. Tickets have to be accepted by the majority of bus operators within a zone and routes must take in major destinations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 10 Apr 2007 08:37:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/794066</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>On schedule</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/794072</link>
      <description><![CDATA[IVU'S planning, scheduling and optimisation software is used by Nottingham City Transport's marketing department, UK, for timetabling and service planning. It is also used by bus operator OBB-Postbus, Austria, for timetabling, vehicle and duty scheduling and rostering. Norway's Fjord1 uses Microbus for timetabling and duty scheduling buses, boats and trucks. Operational software for bus fleets is also supplied by Trapeze. IVU acquired Excel's depot allocation system in 2005. This allows the user to control drivers in real time and can be integrated with IVU'S OmniTIMES, OmniBASE, CrewPLAN and OmniROTA systems. IVU has also developed PocketBUS for use on a Personal Digital Assistant. Use of Omnibus software by Newport Transport is described.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 10 Apr 2007 08:37:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/794072</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Punishing the polluter</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/794071</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The implications of the proposed Low Emission Zone (LEZ) in London, UK, for the coach industry are discussed. The mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, wants to ensure that all heavy diesel-engined vehicles entering London have Euro 3 as a minimum by 2008 and Euro 4 by 2010. This will make London 5 years ahead of European legislation on emissions. The LEZ will cover the entire greater London area up to the M25 and all entry points will need to be monitored by cameras linked to a database of compliant vehicles. The proposal is the subject of consultation with London Assembly members. One modification is that non-compliant vehicles would be able to enter the zone, but would have to pay. The director of congestion charging of Transport for London (TfL) believes that coach operators would opt for compliance rather than pay a steep penalty to enter the LEZ. Operators would supply details of compliant vehicles with evidence in the form of a Reduced Pollution Certificate. The need for a coherent argument from the coach industry about the various sectors that will be involved (school, tourism, private hire) is discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 10 Apr 2007 08:37:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/794071</guid>
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