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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Main Parameters and Placement of the “Warehouse on Wheels” Terminals of Seaports for Transshipment Coal</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1973019</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article substantiates the relevance and develops a method for solving the problem of calculating the required capacity of station tracks to waiting for wagon to ensure direct transshipment of rational volume of export coal from rail to sea transport. The developed method takes into account the intensity of the arrival of cargo to the port by rail and the productivity of the mechanization facilities of the berthing complex. The criterion for optimizing the share of transshipment of cargo in the direct variant and the capacity of the “warehouse on wheels” (station tracks for waiting wagon) is the value of the total cost of accumulation, storage and transshipment of one consignment, and also on Parking of wagons. Recommendations on placement of “warehouse on wheels”  in the port railway junction are given.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 07 Nov 2024 09:21:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1973019</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Capacity and Traffic Management on a Heavy-Traffic Railway Line</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1973018</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In connection with the development of international trade relations with the countries of Western Europe and East Asia, carried out through the developing ports of the Azov-black sea basin, a significant increase in the volume of export cargo in the southern region of Russia. The purpose of the study is to master the growing volume of traffic and achieve efficiency in operational work. The tasks of research aimed at the development of ways to increase the capacity of a heavy-traffic line are defined. In this regard, the analysis of capacity is made using the example of the heavy-traffic railway line Kotelnikovo-Tikhoretskaya-9 km Passing Track of the North Caucasus railway, through which the supply of the largest volume of demanded export cargo to the ports of the basin is made. The bottlenecks in the operational work of the railway and ports of the Azov-Black sea basin are identified. Promising volumes of export traffic to its ports, the available and the required capacities of the sections under consideration are identified. Technical and technological measures aimed at improving the quality of operational activities that contribute to the development of export traffic growth are proposed. For solving the problems, the method of capacity calculation is used, as a result of which options for increasing it at the heavy-traffic section were offered, and the best option was chosen that ensures high reliability of transportation, timely delivery and unloading of cargo.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 06 Nov 2024 16:48:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1973018</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Modelling the Bottlenecks Interconnection on the City Street Network</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1973010</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The results of a questionnaire survey of Kyiv residents regarding their traffic to work places are considered and analyzed, taking into account the administrative-territorial division of the city territory. The traffic model of Kyiv city residents between its districts has been developed, on the basis of which the model of “bottlenecks” interconnection on the city street network is proposed, which allows to identify possible alternative routes of distribution of traffic flows on the network in case of failure of some of its elements.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 06 Nov 2024 16:48:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1973010</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Dangerous Zone During Transportation of Dangerous Goods by Rail</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1973003</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The provision of chemical, biological, radiation, and fire safety for people, property, infrastructure facilities, and natural environment is the focus of attention of the UN specialized agencies, national governments, managers, and specialists of industrial complexes that manufacture and operate hazardous facilities. According to the analysis, during transportation of dangerous goods by all modes of transport does not ensure an adequate level of risk, as a result of which abnormal situations, various breakdowns, incidents, and emergencies continue to occur. The manifestation of risk causes considerable damage to the transport workers, transportation infrastructure, transported goods and freight units, natural environment, residents of neighboring communities, and people who happened to be in a dangerous zone. The topicality of research is dictated by the necessity of further improving the methods for protection and damage prevention, reduction in social and economic costs and environmental damage. The purpose of research is to develop elements of an integrated security system for zone of dangerous goods by federal railway transport with the possibility to employ them on international scale and in other modes of transport. Improving the concept of dangerous zone during transportation of dangerous goods stands in as the first-priority work stage of the development process. Solving the main tasks of the research was based on such proven and fruitful theoretical and experimental methods as computer modeling, comparative typology and circular expert estimations, statistical analysis, probability theory, theory of similarity, and others. The most meaningful results of the development are both of theoretical and practical importance. The theoretical result consists in development of a new approach to the concept of dangerous zone during transportation of dangerous goods by rail. The practical result involves development of proposals for improvement of the Railway Transport System of Emergency Prevention and Response; introduction of amendments into the Safety Rules for Response to Emergencies related to Dangerous Goods during Their Transportation by Rail; emergency cards for dangerous goods and a number of other technical guidance documents. Processing of the experimental data has established that the expected effectiveness of the development is 7.5–10%.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 06 Nov 2024 16:48:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1973003</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Safe Train Route Options</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972987</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Constantly increasing anthropogenic pressure on the environment inevitably leads to climate change, which in turn provokes an increase in the number of extreme weather events. Extreme weather conditions can leads to industrial accidents and disasters. This statement is confirmed by statistics on road accidents initiated by natural disasters on the roads of the Russian Federation, the USA and Europe. The transportation of dangerous goods in extreme weather conditions is a dangerous factor to shippers, rail carriers and society. This risk factor cannot be quantified and is not adequately presented in the cost of transportation.Accident risk factors assessment that consider the impact of various types of natural weather disasters and quantitative assessment of the impact on railway infrastructure, can be a starting point for managing disaster risks and adapting human activities to an ever-changing climate. This article proposes a methodology for assessing the risk of a traffic accident considering the impact of various types of natural disasters. As a result of testing this method, the risk of a dangerous goods traffic accident at two North Caucasus Railway routes, after simulation was selected the safest route. For carriers of dangerous goods, the accident risk assessment method will allow you to choose the safest route for the transportation of goods and, as a result, reduce the chanse of an accident.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 06 Nov 2024 16:48:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972987</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Evaluation Model of Interaction Between Container Transport System and Regional Economy</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972989</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The aim of this article is elaboration of the evaluation model of interaction between container transportation and regional economy as well as characterization of some interaction aspects. The relevance of research is confirmed by lack of models of transport industry mutual influence on regional economy as well as practical mechanisms to integrate of regional development industry programs. This results in misbalance of container infrastructure functioning and efficiency reduction of transport service for regional cargo owners. The general theoretical model is given and grounded which envisages multifactor, mutual, directed to both sides influence of containerization on regional economic development. For evaluation of regional economic growth under the influence of container system development, dependencies were established of: reduction of cargo owners’ expenses in case of containerization increase of cargo produced in the region; cost effectiveness increase of regional enterprises in case of transport costs reduction. Practical significance of research results is in possibility to evaluate priorities in provisioning of the container system with the use of the model, to work out regional strategies of social and economic development of the region and transport industry, to prepare the most efficient investment flows.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 06 Nov 2024 16:48:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972989</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analytical Model of Commercial Activity of a Transport-Logistics Enterprise</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972986</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The main task of any commercial activity is to achieve objectives of an enterprise. The vast majority of Russian scientists and companies’ Chief Executive Officers treat commercial activity as an operational component for gaining profit. This approach unveils only one side of commercial activity, i.e. to obtain the results today. Commercial activity has an ambivalent essence in itself. On the one hand, it is necessary to deliver results – make a profit. On the other hand, commercial activity should be reviewed from the aspect of collaborative nature of parties’ relations, which aim at a continuous growth rate of satisfaction of the economic interests of the buyers as well as sellers. Thus, the commercial work is focused on reproduction of economic and industrial relations. The strategic objective of commercial activity is reproduction of commodity exchange relations. However, in order to organize operational work for target-setting of each specific department and employee it is necessary to supplement the strategic benchmark with a certain analytical model. Realization of the ambivalent essence of commerce should be reflected in work-planning. An analytical model of commercial work based on the market contacts and the results of its practical application are given in the article. The model for commercial activity of transport-logistics enterprises allows correlating the indicators of increase in the value of business with a production schedule and, simultaneously, achieving the balance of demand and supply.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 06 Nov 2024 16:48:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972986</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Organization and Movement of Exit Routes from Empty Cars</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972978</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article discusses the issues associated with the organization of empty cars by type of rolling stock and by owners, possible points of their assembly; the analysis of the plan for the formation of empty cars is carried out, in order to identify the station for concentrating empty cars by type of rolling stock and their routes to them. The analysis of groups of wagons, which can be organized into exit routes, is carried out. The criteria of the optimization of task set for the promotion of empty cars and the improvement of the quality indicators of operational work for JSC “Russian Railways” (“RR”) are well-grounded.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 06 Nov 2024 16:48:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972978</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Logistics Grading of Railroad Stations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972980</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of this study is to develop a method of assigning a logistics grade to freight stations according to the principles of customer focus, accessibility, and information comprehensiveness. The tools and methods of logistics theory, systems theory, systems analysis, marketing, linear and dynamic programming, morphologic synthesis, and terminalistics are used. The main results of the research include a unique grading system for railroad freight stations open for cargo operations that works by assigning a logistics grade based on the information about additional logistics services that is relevant for the clients. Another practical result of the study is the method of assigning the logistics grade that takes into account the specifics of the terminal and warehouse infrastructure and logistics service offered by the station. The classification of railroad logistics objects has been proposed with specified transport and logistics service comprehensiveness ratio obtained under real-life conditions. The direct objective of the method’s application in the transport sector is the implementation of the customer-focused logistics principles to enable high-profit freight traffic and to divert cargo from motor transport to railroad terminal network objects.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 06 Nov 2024 16:48:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972980</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Elaboration of a Model of Integrated Transport Service in the Segment of Freight Transportation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972977</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The transportation system is an independent industry implying carriage of goods from a producer to a consumer using various types of transport. Requirements of owners of business production processes to transportation of freights and goods can be covered by both single and several types of transport, depending on market conditions, technological features of production and level of infrastructure development. In the Russian Federation, a large part of cargo traffic accounts for railway transport, which determines the concept of the development of railway industry based on the principles of consolidation with other subjects of the unitary transportation process and its integration into the international transportation system. The paper is aimed at searching for an alternative way of development and implementation of transport potential of railway industry, both in the country’s freight segment and in the international freight transportation area. The authors developed and proposed a model of integrated transport services in all categories of freight traffic based on self-organization. Self-organization coordinates and interconnects investments, profits, potential and target function of Divisions of the integrated transport services. This model allows determining the value of optimal expenditure of funds and investments that are necessary for upgrading an integrated transport service being provided or purchased to the preferred state. The results of using the proposed model bring to the conclusion that solving strategic tasks of Russian economy on ensuring the reliability of unitary transportation and production process, on increase in competitiveness, can be accomplished by using integrated transport service model.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 06 Nov 2024 16:48:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972977</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Comparative Risk Analysis of Using the Markings for Ground and Raised Pedestrian Crossings</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972971</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The quality of road construction and ensuring road safety is one of the most important tasks today. One of the tools for solving this problem is risk-oriented approach. For the first time, the authors presented a comparative analysis of using the markings for ground and raised pedestrian crossings, taking into account the permissible risk of a breakdown of the car’s chassis and the value of the permissible risk of deterioration in the conditions of the driver and passengers when the car is moving along the indicated crossings with permissible speeds. From the results obtained above it follows that the use of the ground pedestrian crossing with an average marking line height of 6.0 mm, a weighted average marking line length from 4.0 m to 6.0 m, and a car speed at the crossing of 60 km/h (as regulated by road traffic code in the city limit) is considered permissible. The risk of breakdown of the car’s chassis at the speeds indicated in Russian State Standard GOST R 52605-2006 may remain acceptable (1 × 10⁻³) if the weighted average length of the raised pedestrian crossing also increases. Such pedestrian crossings are acceptable, for example, in large metropolitan areas.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 06 Nov 2024 16:48:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972971</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Coordination of Parameters of Transport Elements System in the Conditions of Lack of Traffic and Estimated Capacity</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972967</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper deals with the balanced development problem of the infrastructure of railway transport enterprises, aimed at improving the economic efficiency of their operation. In order to solve the problem, it is proposed to use an approach, according to which the interaction of its elements is taken into account for calculating the capacity of the transport system. In other words, the traffic and estimated capacities of the station devices (“channels”) is determined considering the reserve capacity of the preceding elements (“bins”). Bins carry out an important task, they reduce flow irregularity, thereby increasing the load factor of subsequent servicing devices. Inefficient interaction of elements means economic losses in terms of excess or lack of capacity. Therefore, in order to achieve economic efficiency of railway enterprises, the elements in the structure have to interact efficiently, which implies the harmonization of the parameters of elements according to some criterion. In order to organize the effective interaction of elements at the “bin + channel” level, the balanced traffic capacity criterion was formulated. Speaking about the elements inside the “bin + channel” structures, the final decision on their coordination is made based on the minimum capital and operating costs criterion. As a result, based on the developed criteria, the methodology for coordinating the parameters of structural elements of railway stations is proposed in the paper. The methodology ensures minimization of capital and operating costs of the transport system as a whole.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 06 Nov 2024 16:48:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972967</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Modeling of a System for Organization of Traffic via a Terminal Network</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972970</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The research subject is a terminal network. The research purpose is development of a set-theoretical model of the terminal network. The research methods are based on the theory of sets, the theory of transport systems, the general system theory, and the authors’ methodology of terminalistics. The research provides a parametric description of the terminal network and its key elements: logistical facilities; identifies factors that determine the composition and configuration of the tewrminal network; develops a model of the terminal network as a logistical chain and, on its basis, suggests an integrated set-theoretical model of a region’s terminal network. A model for forming the composition of the terminal network is provided. The terminal network is considered as a logistical chain, since its configuration, purpose in a delivery system, and logistical functions performed in transportation sections reproduce the morphology of a classical logistical chain connecting a cargo sending customer with a cargo receiving customer while providing a transparent, integrated, and seamless service for cargo traffic. Using a complex of enlarged block modules of the terminal network, element-by-element study and optimization become possible. The task of finding the best option of the terminal network becomes a three-level and two-step task. The research results can be used as an economic and mathematical toolbox in design, development planning, and evaluation of facilities of the terminal and warehouse infrastructure of RZD OJSC.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 06 Nov 2024 16:48:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972970</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Lean Transportation in Science is no Longer “Terra Incognita”</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972965</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of research is to determine the areas and justify why the use of the lean concept in these areas can provide improved performance of road transport at industrial enterprises. The research methods included: observation, collection, and analysis of statistical data, expert survey, modeling a transportation system, developing indicators for evaluating the efficiency of transportation losses elimination. An analytical review showed that in lean transportation, the first steps in scientific research aimed at adapting the principles of lean production to road transport operation are being taken. The research revealed the existence of at least sixteen types of transportation losses. This fact differs significantly from the results of the losses research in the industry. An expert survey to analyze the losses is used. The Delphi method is used to identify the causal chains of factors leading to the loss generation. To evaluate the mutual impact of causes, a quantitative assessment is performed. This leads to a significant acceleration in the work aimed at improving the operations of road transport that provides services to industrial enterprises. The “black box” model of the transportation system allowed identifying the resources of the transportation process participants as inputs. There are two other groups of input factors: cargo characteristics and external environment impact. The output characteristics of the model include transportation volume and its quality indicators. A differentiation of the spent resources into useful costs, which are used for cargo transportation, and losses, which are proposed to estimate using cost indicators, was provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 06 Nov 2024 16:48:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972965</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Public Finance Policy for the Development of the Transport Industry</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972964</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of the article is to study the effect of public funding on the transport industry development. The research subject concerns the influence of the funding amount on the implementation of the Federal Targeted Program (FTP) for the Development of the Transport System in Russia. The object of the research includes the target and actual values of the funding under this FTP. Both general scientific and special methods of inquiry were used. The SC technique was applied to estimate the risk of the state regulation for the funding of FTP for the Development of the Transport System in Russia. This research is associated with the decrease in public funding. The following three main funding sources were identified: the federal budget, the budgets of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and extra-budgetary sources. Also, the following three items of expenditures were highlighted: Capital Investments, R&D, Other. Based on this, it has been concluded that in 2016, the highest risk of funding of FTP was associated with extra-budgetary sources. It has been concluded that the implementation of the Modernization of the Baikal-Amur Mainline and the Trans-Siberian Railway Infrastructure project is primarily associated with the risks of state regulation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 06 Nov 2024 16:48:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972964</guid>
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