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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Using the Critical Path Approach to Providing Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities to Both New and Existing Streets</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/899340</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article explains how Bellingham, Washington has installed bike and pedestrian facilities in urban and suburban areas as a means of improving multimodal travel in the city. The author acknowledges that “multimodal” travel encompasses many areas, but because the bus system runs on existing roads and is independently owned and operated, the Bellingham Public Works Department has focused its multimodal efforts on pedestrian and bike facilities. While the author gives an overview of state and pending federal legislation regarding bike and pedestrian facilities, he adds that there is great flexibility where lane width, marking, and other design aspects of a multimodal corridor are concerned. He notes that in urban areas of the city, street re-striping is an opportunity to add bike lanes but at a cost for established parking. Bike lanes, however, were ultimately approved by the city council. In suburban areas, Bellingham added a sidewalk and bike lanes using porous paving for these new facilities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2009 09:24:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/899340</guid>
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      <title>Non-Maintained Dirt Roadways: A Shared, Affordable Paving Approach</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/899342</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article offers suggestions for bringing non-maintained dirt roads up to a county's acceptable standard, while also working with property owners who live along these rural roadways. Using Florida’s Orange County Roads & Drainage Division as an example, the author relates that there are more than 50 miles of non-maintained roadways used daily to provide access to two or more residential properties in the county. Until recently, individual property owners were responsible for maintaining these dirt roads, but with no resources, the roads suffered from deterioration. The author describes the development of a shared, affordable paving approach that allows property owners to have their roads paved with a porous pavement under certain conditions. The author details the funding mechanisms Orange County elected to use as well as the challenges involved, including disagreements among property owners along the roadways.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2009 09:24:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/899342</guid>
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      <title>City of Colorado Springs Tests Terminal Blend Tire Rubber Asphalt</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/899341</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article documents Colorado Springs’ experience with Terminal Blend Tire Rubber Asphalt (TBTRA), which is produced in a closed-system plant that prevents particulates from escaping into the atmosphere. The city initially used a 10 percent content of tire rubber by weight in the material, then switched to a 15 percent content in 2007 and 2008. Although TBTRA has been used in other locations, there was concern that climate extremes of Colorado Springs might make it unworkable. The advantages of TBTRA over traditional asphalt pavements include a smoother, quieter surface and better safety during rainstorms. The article describes how it was tested in Colorado Springs, the results in terms of noise reduction and safety outcomes, and concludes with an evaluation of the costs involved.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2009 09:24:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/899341</guid>
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      <title>Pavement Surface Condition Standards: Rutting and Cracking</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/899339</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article details efforts by the Expert Task Group (ETG) of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation officials (AASHTO) to establish asphalt cracking and pavement rutting standards. Current AASHTO rutting and cracking standards could be much improved, and the ETG has moved forward with four new standards. These include a transverse profile standard, a new rutting standard based on output from the transverse profile standard, and new rutting standards, including the Collecting Images of Pavement Surfaces for Distress Detection and Quantifying Cracks in Asphalt Pavement Surfaces from collected Images Utilizing Automated Methods. The primary purpose is to allow automated procedures to identify and categorize cracks. Included in the article are figures depicting transverse profile measurement, cross slope, percent deformation, rut depths, and a pavement cracking map with zones.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2009 09:24:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/899339</guid>
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      <title>Inventory Management and Cost Minimization of Salt</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/876650</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article addresses the problem of salt shortages that highway maintenance agencies and managers face. It offers a number of management techniques which can help agencies from running out of salt. The article also includes a number of strategies on how to ensure adequate salt storage capacity and how to achieve the best possible price for salt, as well as salt contract pricing. Included in the article is a linke to further guidance from NCHRP Report 526, "Sow and Ice Control: Guidelines for Materials and Methods, which is available on the web at: http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_526.pdf.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 2008 08:03:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/876650</guid>
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      <title>Will Anti-Icing Work in the South?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/876653</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article looks at some of the ways that local and state governments in the southern part of the U.S. are working with anti-icing strategies in order to better manage winter conditions. In Charlotte, North Carolina, maintenance crews have experimented with applying salt brine to bridges in order to prevent the sudden freezing of bridge decks. Brine and salt are also spread on bare pavement during the night in order to accommodate morning traffic on roads. Officials have found that having access to predictive pavement temperatures, and knowing how much time is needed to cover pavement areas with brine or salt, is key to anti-icing success. The article also describes successful anti-icing practices by the North Texas Tollway Authority (NTTA) in the Dallas/Forth Worth metropolitan area. Anti-icing chemicals are now replacing abrasives which have been traditionally used for traction during snow and ice events. This has resulted in a reduction in clean-up costs and time, as well as lessening the environmental impact resulting from the use of abrasives.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 2008 08:03:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/876653</guid>
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      <title>Small Buses Finding Bigger Role in Public and Private Fleets</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/872823</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article looks at how smaller buses are becoming more prevalent in public transportation. These smaller buses typically operate under two environments. In a commercial setting, the vehicles can serve as shuttle buses, meeting the needs of airports, rental car agencies, or corporate businesses. If the buses are used under a transportation plan that is authorized and funded by the Federal Transit Administration, they then are referred to as paratransit buses. Using a historical perspective, the article relates that small school buses, unmarked vans, and modified sedans were the precursors to today's small buses. The impetus for advancement can be traced to the 1940s when the Veterans Administration created lifts to maneuver wheelchairs into vehicles. Also playing a significant role were the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1990 Americans  with Disabilities Act (ADA), both of which set the stage for meeting the transportation needs of the elderly and disabled. Providing accessible transportation also mandated the creation of safety regulations and standards which vehicle manufacturers are required to meet. The article concludes with a look at how small buses can benefit from some of the advanced technologies that are increasingly becoming more available, such as electronic steering, driver warning systems, and integrated automatic vehicle location (AVL), Global Positioning System (GPS) and tire inflation monitoring systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Oct 2008 10:04:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/872823</guid>
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      <title>Hybrid Trash Truck to Hit Denver's Streets</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/872822</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article describes a program that is being tested in Denver, Colorado, which is expected reduce emissions, increase fuel efficiency, and lower maintenance costs through the usage of hybrid-hydraulic trash trucks. Denver currently has a fleet of 115 trash trucks that travel an average of 8,400 miles per yer and achieve 2.3 miles per gallon. The hybrid trucks are expected to provide a dramatic increase in monetary savings. A brief description is given of how the hybrid-hydraulic system recovers, stores, and distributes energy, and how this type of technology, particularly in stop-and-go driving, will deliver fuel savings and emissions reductions. The article also relates that in addition to the hybrid-hydraulic trash truck, Denver has expanded its "green fleet" in other ways, such as including 120 hybrid electric vehicles, utilizing alternative fuels, and retrofitting vehicles with emissions control technology.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Oct 2008 10:04:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/872822</guid>
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      <title>Energy Efficiency Arrives at the Pittsburgh Tunnels</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/864210</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article is a case study of the implementation of energy efficient ventilation systems in Pittsburgh tunnels. Due to the age of the tunnels, the ventilation systems were expensive to maintain and run.  The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) volunteered for the Strategic Environmental Management Program (SEMP), which investigated the environmental effects of all divisions, and led to the purchase of the new tunnel fan motors. The new motors use fewer amps, and have infinitely variable speeds instead of just high, medium, and low. The speed is also automatically adjusted depending on carbon monoxide levels.  These new fans have saved PennDOT $215,000 per year by cutting energy demands and repair costs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 31 Jul 2008 15:25:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/864210</guid>
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      <title>Funding Alternatives for Transportation Projects</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/864207</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article presents a variety of potential sources of funding for transportation projects. The National Surface Transportation Policy and Revenue Study Commission estimates that the maintenance and improvement of transit systems will require a monetary investment significantly higher than the current amount.  Traditionally, transportation funding in the United States has been supplied almost completely by federal fuel taxes, however the author indicates that this source may not be entirely reliable in the future as fuel efficiency decreases and fuel usage levels off.  The author presents alternatives in the forms of toll and congestion pricing, impact fees, state and local funding, public-private partnership (PPP or P3), as well as a charge for vehicle miles traveled (VMT).  A combination of these sources may provide the funding necessary to maintain and improve transit services.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 31 Jul 2008 15:25:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/864207</guid>
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      <title>Wayne County, Michigan Adopts a State-of-the-Art Roads Management System</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/864209</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article describes the positive effects of the Roads Infrastructure Management System (RIMS) recently implemented in Wayne County, Michigan Department of Public Services (DPS).  RIMS combines hand-held and vehicle satellite feed as well as wireless technology to provide the DPS with nearly real-time data on its four divisions: pavement maintenance, traffic operations, structure maintenance and forestry.  The data allows employees to dispatch work teams, maintain traffic signals signs and roads, assure the safety of bridges and other structures, and inventory trees in a cost effective and efficient manner.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 31 Jul 2008 15:24:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/864209</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Research Pays Off For Transportation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/864208</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article discusses the benefits of transportation public works research and the importance of sharing new developments. Currently public and private highway agencies spend lest than 0.7 percent of their annual budgets on research, which is extremely low compared to other industries. The author describes the positive results of transportation related research with the examples of Adaptive Control Software Lite (ACS-Lite) and Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR). Ground-based LIDAR allows operators to survey pavement and right of way conditions quickly and accurately. There are, however, problems such as the need for editing out certain objects and large data file size that may make LIDAR infeasible for some projects. The other new technology, ACS-Lite, adapts traffic light timing to fit the conditions of traffic demand thereby reducing traffic delays due to poor traffic signal timing.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 31 Jul 2008 15:24:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/864208</guid>
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      <title>New Traffic Control For an Old Pedestrian Crossing Safety Problem</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/860550</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this article the author discusses a pedestrian crossing treatment designed to enforce compliance and establish uniform standards. The new system, known as the High intensity Activated crossWalK (HAWK) Crossing, favors a pedestrian beacon that uses a flashing red light over a yellow light and is designed to balance the needs of the pedestrians with the delay of the driver in order to increase compliance rates. Issues in need of resolution surrounding the new device are noted, including dark beacons, potential driver confusion, proliferation of devices, and uniformity. The article also notes the accident experience of the system over the course of five years, including a follow-up study conducted by the City of Tucson, Arizona. Finally, the article addresses the future of the pedestrian crossing treatment, including an experimental modified device based on a potential decrease in the standard walking speed by the FHWA.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Jun 2008 08:30:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/860550</guid>
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      <title>Tackling Rising Fuel Costs: New Approach to Curbiside Debris Removal Yields Big Savings for Municipalities</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/860551</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article discusses the City of Clemson’s (South Carolina) developed approach to curbside debris removal targeted to increase fuel efficiency. Partnering the city with a private business, the new system uses GPS technology to mark and categorize roadside debris so that collected data can be translated into efficient routes for debris pickup crews. The article emphasizes decreased fuel usage, diminished wear-and-tear on vehicles, faster pick-up times, and increased resident satisfaction as positive outcomes to the city’s implementation of the technology.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Jun 2008 08:29:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/860551</guid>
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      <title>Streets Professionals View Warm Mix Asphalt at APWA Congress Workshop</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/860548</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article discusses a workshop held in San Antonio in September 2007 concerning warm mix asphalt (WMA) and the display of cutting edge green asphalt technology. Introduced in 2004, warm mix asphalt was created to reduce volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. WMA can be offered as an alternative to conventional hot-mix asphalt in air-pollution non-attainment areas and reduces plant energy costs. The reduced heat required to produce the asphalt allows for quicker cooling periods, more comfortable working conditions for crews in hot climates, expanded market areas, and pavement construction in colder weather. The article also discusses the use of Evotherm warm mix technology in San Antonio and its potential long-term performance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Jun 2008 08:28:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/860548</guid>
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