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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>EFFECTS OF ENERGY SUPPLY AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS ON URBAN MASS TRANSIT'S FUTURE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/208906</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper examines the effects of the forecast reduction in the availability of petroleum and the forecast increase in the availability of efficient telecommunication devices on urban mass transportation systems.  The topics are divided into three parts: energy for the operation of mass transit systems, the use of transit systems during an energy shortfall, and an analysis of possible changes in transit system use due to telecommunication technologies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Sep 1985 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/208906</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>LAND USE TRENDS AND TRANSIT OPERATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/208907</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper brings together two related topics: land use development trends and how these trends can be addressed by the transit operator.  The first section deals with development trends in general as well as in specific areas such as housing, retail, office, and industrial users.  External forces such as financing and adequate infrastructure, which can fundamentally alter trends in these areas, are also expolored.  The ways in which the financial markets allocate money toward certain uses, for example, may be altering future housing patterns significantly, resulting in a more costly residential unit.  At the same time, office development with its greater financial resources are made available. The decentralization trend in many metropolitan areas is well advanced, but new trends favoring clustering of office, some retail, and residential uses appear to be emerging.  If this continues, the result will be multicentered metropolitan areas that can be advantageously served by transit operators.  The second portion of the paper deals with how transit operators can respond to the multicentered trend through new operational forms. Portland, Edmonton, Houston, Seattle, and New Jersey are used as examples of where the identified trends are being addressed through new operations and closer links between service levels and land use types and density to serve new travel demands in cost-effective ways.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Sep 1984 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/208907</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>CHANGES IN THE ECONOMIC BASE OF URBAN AREAS: IMPLICATIONS FOR URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/208908</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper focuses on how future city development is likely to differ from past patterns, on the increasing importance of design in rebuilding older cities so that these cities become "livable" cities competitive with other "world class" cities, and on the potential role of transit as a design and development tool.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Sep 1984 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/208908</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FINANCING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/208909</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The author questions the wisdom of going to capital-grant-only funding in a period of tight finance because of the incentive this is going to create to overcapitalize transit systems.  He notes that dedicated taxes mostly sales taxes and property taxes, are being used for transit on an increasing scale around the country, but the problem is that these sources are growing too slow to match transit needs.  He also discusses recent examples of restructuring of state and federal programs taking New York and Minnesota as example.  Finally, the author discusses problems in the use of complicated data for allocation formulas, and argues that paratransit should be part of any formula of this type.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Sep 1984 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/208909</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>DOES THIS BUS GO TO THE FUTURE? SOME THOUGHTS ON THE FUTURE OF URBAN PUBLIC TRANSIT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/208910</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The author argues that the transit industry should diversify and give up control of much of the existing public transportation service.  He points out that bigness in transit has no scale economy.  He says that greater emphasis should be placed on cost-effectiveness management controls and cites an example of using statistics such as cost per passenger, rather than cost per vehicle mile, as indicators of cost effectiveness in transit.  He points out that the private sector has done relatively well in a number of specialized areas including taxis, the charter business, school bus business, elderly and handicapped services, vanpools and carpool assistance. He argues that we should seek controlled competition between the public and the private sectors.  He also believe that industry needs to be tough on labor issues affecting the long-term efficiency of transit, even allowing strikes if necessary, in order to tie benefits and wages to productivity.  Finally, he argues in favor or shifting federal programs towards block grants, to encourage proper incentives for improved performance at the local level.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Sep 1984 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/208910</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION: WHY TRANSIT IS IN TROUBLE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/208911</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper reviews the transit industry situation in terms of market share, efficiency, pricing, capital needs and image and concludes that the transit industry is in serious trouble.  It then reviews the many factors that have contributed to this state of affairs: economic conditions, gasoline prices, demographic shifts, America's leve affair with automobiles, the lack of secure and predictable funding sources, Federal Government action, insufficient R&D, and poor management and/or union recalcitrance.  Finally in others an opinion on what steps the transit industry should take to manage successfully in the 1980s.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Sep 1984 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/208911</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TRANSPORTATION IN TRANSITION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/208912</link>
      <description><![CDATA[It is proposed that the current transportation crisis is both the death rattle of outdated institutions for delivering transportation services, and the painful birth of many new delivery systems.  In the coming years, the public sector must reduce its financial commitments and gain better control over its costs.  Scarce public resources will have to be focused more carefully on specific attainable objectives.  Greater financial contributions from users will also be required.  Options available to meet nearly everyone of these challenges fall under the general umbrella of greater use of private sector providers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Sep 1984 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/208912</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CHANGING CONCEPTS OF URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/208913</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Urban transportation in America is undergoing a major appraisal and, emerging from these grassroots reappraisals, is a wealth of innovative ideas about the ways local transportation can be more effectively managed, provided, and paid for.  These new approaches are divided into seven headings, and reviewed: (1) Developer involvement in transportation improvements; (2) Private-sector sponsorship of transportation services; (3) Transportation management associations; (4) Downtown transportation management; (5) Private operation of transit services; (6) Decentralizing service delivery; and (7) Private financing of transit infrastructure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Sep 1984 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/208913</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FINANCING GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/208914</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper identifies some of the many financial problems that beset public enterprises: using operating costs, the growing public suspicion of large development projects and hence, subjection to full government regulation, and the high cost and volatility of borrowing to finance capital improvements.  The author then offers some suggestions that may help transit systems cope with these problems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Sep 1984 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/208914</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>HOW DO WE POSITION OURSELVES FOR THE FUTURE?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/208915</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Key issues that must be assessed and evaluated to ensure transit industry's vitality are identified: goals funding, service, markets, labor and productivity.  An approach to "futuring" is suggested: strategic planning, a management tool already used by the private sector but that should be explored by public-sector transit agencies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Sep 1984 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/208915</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/208902</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This Transportation Research Special Report contains a summary of the conference; Part 1: Conference Purpose (Introduction to the Conference, H.C. Neil Peterson III, Opening Remarks, Carole A. Foryst); Part 2: why is Transit in Trouble?; Part 3: Conference Consensus Statement; Part 4: Overview papers: Effects of Energy Supply and Telecommunications on Urban Mass Transit's Future, S.J. LaBelle and M.J. Bernard III; Land Use Trends and Transit Operations, D.E. Priest and J.L. Walsh-Russo; Changes in the Economic Base of Urban Areas: Implications for Urban Public Transportation, R.V. Knight; Financing Public Transportation, R.F. Kirby; Does This Bus Go to the Future? Some Thoughts on the Future of Urban Public Transit, J.L. Schofer; and Part 5: Issues papers: Future Directions of Urban Public Transportation: Why Transit is in Trouble, H.C. Neil Peterson III; Transportation in Transition, M. Pikarsky and C. Johnson; Changing Concepts of Urban Public Transportation, C.K. Orski; Financing Government Enterprises, F.D. Raines; and How Do We Position Ourselves for the Future?, R.S. Page.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Sep 1984 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/208902</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. CONFERENCE PURPOSE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/208903</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The specific objective of the conference is to investigate the near-term outlook and policy options for urban public transportation facilities and services over the next decade and beyond.  A series of five overview stage-setting papers were prepared on the subjects of energy and communications, land use and transportation, economic base, public finance, and the future of urban public transportation.  These papers were summarized by the conference consultant at the start of the meeting, and the authors were given the opportunity to comment or to clarify their views.  This material, including the five overview papers, is contained in Part 4 of these proceedings.  In addition, a series of five issue papers directly related to various urban public transportation issues was prepared and summarized by the authors at the conference.  Edited versions of these papers appear in Part 5 of these proceedings.  Building on these background materials and presentations, the conference participants began a dialog in an attempt to reach consensus on future directions.  The first step in the dialog was a plenary session discussion of recent trends and conditions that have been contributing to the difficulties now facing public transportation.  This discussion is summarized in Part 2. After that session the conference participants broke into small discussion groups to begin the strategic planning process that resulted in the conclusions summarized in Part 3.  (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Sep 1984 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/208903</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. OPENING REMARKS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/208904</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In her opening remarks, the author suggests that certain assumptions about public transit may no longer be valid.  Specifically, she questions the idea that publicly subsidized service is the only way to assure urban transit.  In her opinion, it may be time to give private operators a larger role in urban public transportation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Sep 1984 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/208904</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. SYNOPSIS OF PRE-CONFERENCE PAPERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/208905</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This section offers a synopsis of the five overview papers that were prepared for and provided to the participants before the Woods Hole conference.  In addition, authors of the papers had an opportunity to comment further on their themes and positions.  Such comments are highlighted here, and the edited texts of their papers are included for further reference.  The authors and their topics are as follows: Effects of Energy Supply and Telecommunications on Urban Mass Transit's Future, Sarah J. LaBelle and Martin J. Bernard III, Argonne National Laboratory; Land Use Trends and Transit Operations, Donald E. Priest, University of Virginia and Priezac Corporation, and Joseph L. Walsh-Russo, New Jersey Department of Transportation; Changes in the Economic Base of Urban Areas: Implications for Urban Public Transportation, Richard V. Knight, University of Akron; Financing Public Transportation, Ronald F. Kirby, Urban Institute; and Does This Bus Go to the Future? Some Thoughts on the Future of Urban Public Transit, Joseph L. Schofer, Northwestern University.  The list of points made by the authors includes finance, paratransit, private-sector involvement, private-sector management practices, metropolitan development patterns, and energy. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Sep 1984 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/208905</guid>
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