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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Rehabilitation of the West Breakwater – Port of Sines, Portugal</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1388256</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The West Breakwater at the Port of Sines, Portugal, underwent rehabilitation work after suffering severe storm damage in 1978. The emergency repairs, rebuilding of the breakwater head, and extensive monitoring program adopted are discussed. The new round head uses three layers of high-density Antifer cubes. Concrete with a density of 3.1 ton/m3 was used to produce the heavier cubes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Mar 2016 09:47:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1388256</guid>
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      <title>The Bristol Channel Barrage Project</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1389138</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper outlines a proposal to barrage the Bristol Channel between Cardiff and Weston-Supermare. The benefits from energy generation and to road communications are assessed in detail and in monetary terms. Benefits to navigation and drainage are discussed but not assessed. The effect of the barrage on tidal range, siltation and sediment movement is considered. A suggestion, previously made by others, for a larger international airport on land reclaimed from the enclosed area, is developed. Cost estimates for the proposal are made and it is shown that the benefit/cost ratio is greater than unity even when only energy and traffic are considered.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Mar 2016 09:47:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1389138</guid>
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      <title>Coastal Engineering 1970</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1389157</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This collection contains four volumes and 138 papers. Topics include: wave theory, measurements and analyses; coastal sediment problems; coastal structures and related problems; and coastal, estuarine, and environmental problems. These papers will be useful to researchers, engineers, and government officials interested in coastal engineering and coastal management.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Mar 2016 09:47:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1389157</guid>
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      <title>Selection of Disposal Areas for Spoil from Baltimore Harbor</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1389294</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Selection of sites for the diked disposal of 100 million cubic yards of spoil dredged from Baltimore Harbor presented a formidable problem. Fifty percent of this spoil will be derived from harbor improvement in the next ten years. The remainder will result from maintenance dredging and some private dredging over a 20 to 25 year period. The number of sites available for diked disposal areas, the various methods used for dredging and the fact that the dike material required transportation to the site gave rise to a number of variables The decision making process was facilitated by an econometric model. Concentrations of metals such as chromium, cadium, zinc, lead, and copper have been found in the sediments of Chesapeake Bay. An investigation as to the mode of their occurrence in the material to be dredged was made to appraise any possibility of toxic concentrations occurring in filter feeders such as oysters, for shellfish constitute a sizeable industry in the Chesapeake Bay. Stabilization of the deposited dredged spoil was investigated m order to determine whether the unstable loosely-deposited fine gram material extending over a three to five square mile area could be economically converted to a firm foundation material suitable for industrial parks, harbor terminals or water-oriented parks.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Mar 2016 09:47:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1389294</guid>
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      <title>Resonant Forcing of Harbors by Infragravity Waves</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1388054</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An extensive study of Barbers Point Harbor, including field wave gaging and numerical and physical modeling, was conducted to analyze the harbor's response to infragravity wave energy. Infragravity waves have been defined as waves whose periods are greater than 25 sec. Field data collected over a 4-year period were used to calibrate the numerical model while eight extreme events were simulated in the physical model. Agreement between the numerical model, physical model, and the prototype data is good. The importance of spectral shape in the frequency domain also was analyzed by comparing the results from broad and narrow spectra.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Mar 2016 09:47:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1388054</guid>
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      <title>Sea Tests of a Spread-Moored Landing Craft</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1388961</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Sea tests of motion and mooring force were conducted on an LST (Landing Ship Tank) of about 4400 long tons displacement. The LST was spread-moored by six 2-1/16 inch and one 1-1/4 inch (port breast) stud-link chains in simple catenary configuration in about 45 feet of water in the open Gulf of Mexico about 65 air miles south of New Orleans, Louisiana. Water-level variations at a single location, ship rotations and accelerations, mooring force, and wind were measured in sea states of 2 and 4. Three recordings of 38, 62, 67 minutes duration were analyzed, using timeseries techniques to provide apparent amplitude-response operators for all of the ship's motions and seven mooring chains. Theoretical prediction of the operators using long crested regular waves was made also. In longitudinal plane, theory predicts motions 1/3 to 4 times and chain tensions 1/4 to 9 times those measured. The most probable maximum-motion amplitude responses in sea state 4 are found to be 1.7, 1.1, and 1.7 feet, respectively, in surge, sway and heave, and 3.4 and 0.5 degrees, respectively in pitch and yaw. Roll was measured only in sea-state 2 with a corresponding maximum of 2.1 degrees. Maximum wave-induced chain tensions in kips were: 85.1 and 48.0 in port and starboard bow chains respectively; 10.6 (sea state 2) and 19.7 in port and starboard breast chains; 13.9 and 4.3 in port and starboard quarter chains (sea state 2) and 9.7 in stem chain. Total tension in port bow chain was 116.1 kips (85.1 plus initial tension of 31.0 kips). Chain response operators vary directly with initial tension, which complicates design. It is concluded that: (i) moor was unbalanced, i.e., port bow chain took most of load; (ii) chains loaded lightly, e.g., maximum wave induced tension was 116 kips compared to new proof load of 300 kips for the particular chain, the port bow; (iii) water level should be measured at more than one point; (iv) discouragement over differences is balanced by encouragement over agreements between measurements and theoretical prediction of motion and chain tension; (v) toward improvement: theory needs extension to include short crested waves and barge types; (vi) initial tension unique to problem of mooring design; (vii) propulsion devices may be needed toward maintaining design initial tension, especially in storm; (viii) if directional spectra had been measured and if theory involving short crested waves had been available and used, then discrepancies between observation and theory likely would have been less.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Mar 2016 09:47:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1388961</guid>
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      <title>Formation of Habitats for Bivalves by Port and Harbor Structures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1388243</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Impacts of the construction of a large-scale port and harbor at an open sandy beach on the habitation of the Japanese surf clam (Spisula sachalinensis) have been studied. It has been found that the population of the Japanese surf clam has been increasing with the extension of the breakwater since the start of the construction of Ishikari Bay New Port in 1972. A series of numerical simulations were carried out to estimate the changes over time in the currents distribution around Ishikari Bay New Port associated with the construction of the breakwater for each construction phase. The change in dominant areas of the Japanese surf clam in the harbor over the years is explained by patterns of nearshore currents around the port. The construction of Ishikari Bay New Port resulted in the formation of a new fishing ground of the Japanese surf clam and an increase in the clam population.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Mar 2016 09:47:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1388243</guid>
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      <title>Littoral Bypassing and Beach Restoration in the Vicinity of Port Hueneme, California</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1389006</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Port Hueneme Harbor, California, constructed in 1940, resulted in the average annual erosion of 1,200,000 cubic yards from the shoreline downcoast of the harbor. The cause was diversion by the north jetty of the harbor of littoral sand movement into the Hueneme canyon, A sand bypass system was established in 1960 – 61 by construction, one mile upcoast, of Channel Islands Harbor fronted by an offshore breakwater 2,300 feet in length and located on the 30-foot-depth contour. This breakwater serves a dual function of sheltering the harbor entrance and acting as a littoral sand trap. Three cycles of biennial littoral sand bypassing have been successfully completed resulting in supply of 11,000,000 cubic yards of sand to the eroding shoreline at an average annual cost of $0.40 per cubic yard, including annual maintenance and amortization of structures. Comparison of design of the structure to the impounding characteristics experienced during three bypass cycles indicates that the dimensions and capacity of a sand trap formed by an offshore breakwater can be based upon the diffraction patterns of prevailing wave trains at the two ends of the structure and is independent of the depth and dimensions of the entrapment area. Rate of impoundment is equal to the rate of littoral drift at Port Hueneme.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Mar 2016 09:47:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1389006</guid>
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      <title>Rectangular Resonators for Harbour Entrances</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1389153</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A complete theoretical analysis of the behaviour of resonators built into the breakwaters of a harbour entrance would be extremely difficult. This paper describes an approximate development for extreme values of resonator geometry and shows how a combination of these cases explains certain observed phenomena for intermediate shapes. The paper also describes comprehensive laboratory tests on resonators and draws attention to certain significant discrepancies from present design practice. In particular, the paper indicates the extent to which optimum resonator geometry depends upon the harbour entrance width and demonstrates that such resonators can be designed to prevent any penetration of waves into harbours, without restricting shipping.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Mar 2016 09:47:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1389153</guid>
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      <title>Model Tests and Studies for Port Rashid, Dubai</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1389229</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper is a factual account of studies carried out for the design of a new deep water harbour. As so often happens, construction work had to begin before many of the conclusions of the study were available, so that alterations to the initial designs had to be made while work progressed. The studies comprised tidal and wave recordings and analysis, model studies to determine residual wave conditions at the quays, studies to determine the extent of littoral drift, the effect of the proposed works upon this and possible measures to counter downdrift erosion. In addition, studies were made of the stability of the adjacent creek channel which had previously been the harbour and a mathematical model study was carried out of the effects on the creek regime of various proposed entrance works, including the construction of an entirely new creek entrance channel through the new deep water harbour.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Mar 2016 09:47:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1389229</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Full-Scale Investigation of Berthing Impacts and Evaluation of a Hydraulic-Pneumatic Floating Fender</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1389033</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Two experimental hydraulic-pneumatic floating fenders (camels) were in-service tested in protected and exposed harbors. Due to their high energy-absorption characteristics, the fenders were effective in reducing damage to piers, pier-fender systems, and berthing or moored ships. Their performance relative to a number of individual ship-impacts is discussed, conclusions drawn, and recommendations made.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Mar 2016 09:47:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1389033</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Oscillations Induced by Irregular Waves In Harbours</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1388211</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An approach for predicting the harbour oscillations induced by undirectional irregular waves in a harbour of arbitrary shape and variable water depth is presented. Effects of partial reflection along harbour and breakwater boundaries were considered by involving an energy dissipation coefficient in boundary conditions. Numerical results on wave heights within a rectangular harbour were presented and a realistic harbour geometry was selected for trial computations. The results of the computations were verified through hydraulic model experiments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Mar 2016 09:47:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1388211</guid>
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      <title>Relationship of a moored vessel in a harbour and a long wave caused by wave groups</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1388057</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Loading operations failed at a berth in Sendai New Harbour in 1992. The vessels continuously moved along the berth, in spite of small wave heights and weak winds, which were much less than the criteria for loading operation at the berth. To clarify the cause of the failures, the authors analyzed the observed wave data. The phenomenon related to the time characteristics of wave groupiness. The vessels' motions were caused by the long waves that were bounded by wave groups. Mean Wave Group Period (T ¯g) proposed here, can explain the phenomenon.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Mar 2016 09:47:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1388057</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Coastal Engineering 1968</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1389055</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This collection contains two volumes and 101 papers. Topics include: wave theory and measurements; coastal sediment problems; coastal structures; coastal and estuarine problems. These papers will be useful to researchers, engineers, and government officials interested in coastal engineering and coastal management.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Mar 2016 09:47:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1389055</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Flushing Characteristics of Small-Boat Marinas</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1389598</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Results are presented for a laboratory study investigating the effectiveness of using a small-scale laboratory model to predict tidal flushing patterns in small-boat marinas. Laboratory results are compared with field measurements taken in an existing small-boat harbor. Model limitations are indicated, but it is concluded that simple, small-scale models can constitute an effective, economical tool in the evaluation of designs of small, enclosed basins where water quality problems associated with circulation patterns in the basin are important. Some implications are made concerning the effect of the basin planform upon circulation patterns.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Mar 2016 09:47:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1389598</guid>
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