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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
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      <title>PUBLIC TRANSPORT: THE ENVIRONMENT AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY. PART 2: REDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN UNDERGROUND SYSTEMS - AN IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTION TO PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT. DOCUMENTATION ON SURVEY FINDINGS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/474113</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This section of the documentation comprises, in summarized form, the results of the questionnaire which was circulated among members of the International Metropolitan Railways Committee of the UITP in the making of this report.  It starts with a number of comments relating to the approach and sources of data.  Some important terms are also defined and a description given of the method for converting monetary values.  The questionnaire covered the entire range of use of eletrical energy among subway and urban railways.  As well as general statistics, the following subject areas were included: development of energy consumption; development of energy costs; vehicles; infrastructure (energy supplies, lighting, mechanical equipment); operational practices; staff measures; past and/or planned studies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/474113</guid>
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      <title>QUALITY AND CUSTOMER'S SATISFACTION. PART 1: OUR TARGET - SATISFYING OUR CUSTOMERS; PART 2: BAROMETER OF QUALITY FOR PASSENGER'S SATISFACTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/477403</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Customer Service Targets are used in many sectors of industry. They may be defined as quantified and measurable objectives, agreed in advance, which relate to aspects of service having a direct impact on the customer (in public transit, an example would be the percentage of trips achieving a predetermined level of punctuality).  However it is important to note the contrast with the more traditional types of measure - e.g. total passenger km run - which do not indicate the quality of service. If operators are to achieve the linked objectives of increasing customer satisfaction and obtaining greater efficiency, they must have a baseline against which improvements can be assessed and compared with existing performance.  This requires the establishment of an appropriate set of measures to monitor performance across different aspects of the business, and to establish what levels of performance the operator is already achieving.  Measures on their own, however, are not enough to secure improved performance, this can only be achieved in a consistent way by setting realistic targets with which staff and customers can identify, and against which improvements can be measured.  This paper studies the way in which target setting is used in public transit to drive up the quality of servicec offered to customers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/477403</guid>
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      <title>PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN SMALL TOWNS. PART 1: SERVICING SMALLER CITIES SUCCESSFULLY. PART 2: MORE ATTRACTIVE AND ECONOMICAL REGIONAL TRANSPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/477404</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the rural areas, developments aimed at creating a more cost-effective public transit supply started several years ago. This has resulted in the development of public transit systems operated in response to demand.  The solution for public transit in medium-sized towns can perhaps be found in precisely these demand-responsive systems.  The traditional systems do not function well or are too expensive, so new forms of public transit must be developed  Part 1 of this study contributes to a better understanding of the options for the public transit supply in towns of under 100,000 residents.  Regional transportation has another fundamental duty: public service and basic provision.  Economic, regional policy, social policy and area planning factors in particular make adequate public transit service provision essential.  As a public service, it can be compared to providing regional areas with schools, fire services, police or, by way of example, roads.  It is also apparent that a commitment on the part of governments, particularly in terms of funding, is inalienable. This basic provision needs to be performed as cost-effectively and as economically as possible. This report provides a first-class insight into the restructuring that is taking place and the fundamental problems facing regional transportation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/477404</guid>
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      <title>PUBLIC TRANSPORT: THE ENVIRONMENT AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY. PART 1: PROPELLANTS FOR THE THE FUTURE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/477405</link>
      <description><![CDATA[For as long as people wish to move from place to place for social, business and other reasons, some form of powered transit will be necessary for distances greater than a few kilometers. All powered transportation involves the conversion of energy from stored to kinetic.  The case for mass transit, especially in urban areas, is incontrovertible.  The energy economics of shared rather than individual transit means that responsible communities will promote the former and discourage the latter. Public passenger transit is a relatively small part of the entire transit market, and its environmental impact is small when viewed on a global scale.  However, the concentration of public transit in urban areas results in a much increased local effect which needs to be addressed. This paper considers the range of alternatives under three main headings, emissions and the environment, technology and the cost of change.  It provides an overview of the current state of the art and examines the potential of the various propellants.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/477405</guid>
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      <title>PUBLIC TRANSPORT: THE ENVIRONMENT AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY. PART 2: REDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN UNDERGROUND SYSTEMS - AN IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTION TO PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/477406</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Energy consumption throughout the world is likely to increase considerably over the next few decades.  Adequate amounts of regenerative energy carriers will not be available, nor will they be able to compensate economically with fossil energy carriers for a long time yet.  This means that growing energy consumption will essentially have to be accommodated by fossil energy carriers probably into the middle of the next century, so that the impact on the environment will increase heavily in spite of efficient energy production and consumption technologies.  The only answer at present to counteracting this pessimistic trend is obviously the economic use of energy in all sectors. This report is based on a comprehensive appraisal of existing technologies, procedures and developments, and is intended to point the way towards achieving this aim and possible savings potentials. This report is also intended to point out those factors which stand in the way of speedy, comprehensive introduction of new resource-friendly technologies; and its intention is to show that if all those concerned take effective action - politicians, the industrial sector, pressure groups and operators - then they will succeed in reducing energy consumption in the long run.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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