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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 RAPID TRANSIT CONFERENCE OF THE AMERICAN PUBLIC TRANSIT ASSOCIATION. VOLUME 4 - POWER, SIGNALS, COMMUNICATIONS AND R&amp;D</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/485728</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This last volume of the 4-volume set contains all the papers presented relating to power, signals, communications and research and development.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 May 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/485728</guid>
    </item>
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      <title>ELECTRONIC PARTS CATALOG STANDARDS: A BETTER WAY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/485729</link>
      <description><![CDATA["Non-wrench" time for transit industry maintenance mechanics is staggering.  Studies show that up to 50% of their time is expended in non-repair activity.  Half of that time is expended researching repair and parts information.  This problem is being addressed in all industries with the deployment of electronic parts catalogs (EPCs).  EPCs offer enormous benefits to maintenance organizations.  Placing repair and parts information in the mechanic's hands "closes the loop" in maintenance operations.  Armed with quick and accurate repair information, repairs are done faster and with greater accuracy putting valuable assets back in service sooner.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 May 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/485729</guid>
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      <title>HAVE ADVANCEMENTS IN TECHNOLOGY ENHANCED TRANSIT MAINTENANCE?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/485730</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Transit technology is advancing on all fronts.  Systems and components are getting more sophisticated.  High tech self diagnostics and external lap top computer interfaces are becoming standard part of systems design.  Elaborate data tracking systems and maintenance data bases are being used by more and more transit agencies.  Before long, all transit agencies will be using the internet to retrieve information from other data bases around the world with similar equipment.  These advances in technology have greatly changed the way maintenance is being performed.  This paper will focus on the advancing areas of technology and determine their overall affect on maintenance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 May 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/485730</guid>
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      <title>INNOVATIONS ON THE WASHINGTON, DC METRO</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/485731</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As general engineering consultant (GEC) for WMATA since 1966, DeLeuw, Cather has offered innovative alternative designs to minimize cost and time for construction, and to improve maintainability of the Washington, DC subway system.  Through the design and construction team effort, WMATA has remained at the forefront of the state-of-the-art in all phases of rapid transit design.  This paper discusses some of the major innovations implemented on WMATA from its beginning to the present.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 May 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/485731</guid>
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      <title>WASTE HEAT POWERED COMPRESSORLESS AIR CONDITIONING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/485732</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Sorption air conditioning has been around for a long time and is in use in many industrial and a few residential applications. In recent years military and aerospace developments have made available sorption materials that show promise in reducing the weight and bulk of these systems to the level where use on rolling stock or as station cooling equipment may be practical. A bench test unit has been built, approximately one ton capacity, and shown to operate quietly and near to the predicted levels of efficiency.  The elimination of the reciprocating compressor, the use of environmentally friendly refrigerants, and the potential to operate on free energy, for example waste heat from deceleration, are factors encouraging continued development.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 May 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/485732</guid>
    </item>
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      <title>MAINTENANCE OF ADVANCED SIGNALLING SYSTEMS WITH INTERACTIVE MANUALS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/485733</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Maintenance of signalling equipment has become steadily more complex over the past decade.  As systems become more reliant on distributed processing and data communication, diagnosing a problem can be a daunting task.  However, by utilizing the inherent processing power available in these systems and the latest multi-media capability of portable computers, this trend can be reversed to make systems more 'maintenance friendly'. This paper investigates how advances in technology can be used to assist instead of hinder the maintainer in this often difficult trouble-shooting process.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 May 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/485733</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INTEROPERABLE NETWORKED CONTROL FOR RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS WITH LONWORKS TECHNOLOGY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/477413</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Multiplexed buses are necessary to reduce the complexity of wiring electronic control systems within and across rail cars and locomotives today, and to allow the addition of more electronic sensors and actuators to upgrade existing mechanical systems to electromechanical ones.  Locomotives and cars are assembled by integrators who obtain components and sub-assemblies from multiple suppliers.  Traditionally, different integrators have specified different buses.  As the number of systems with distributed sensors and actuators has increased and as the demand for smart trains has increased, standardization of multiplexed bus schemes has become necessary.  LONWORKS control networks offer a low-cost, widely-accepted and well-supported solution for multiplexing in trains.  Already, several onboard and wayside applications have been implemented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Apr 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/477413</guid>
    </item>
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      <title>"VIRTUAL REALITY" COMES TO TRAIN OPERATOR TRAINING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/477414</link>
      <description><![CDATA[SEPTA's procurement of a new fleet of 222 rapid transit caars for its Market-Farnkford Subway/Elevated system includes a fully functional railcar cab simulator for train operator training purposes.  The application of advanced electronic systems, such as computerized car control, closed circuit television, electronic communications, digital fault displays, and electronic control center/car event status interfaces, to new mass-transit railcar designs presents new challenges to operator training.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Apr 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/477414</guid>
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      <title>PAVEMENTE MAINTENANCE PROGRAMS: INITIALIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION FOR TRANSIT AUTHORITIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/477415</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Most transit agencies have thousands of square yards of asphalt and concrete pavements.  The majority of this pavement is in bus and vehicle maintenance facility lots and patron parking areas. The life expectancy of pavements is greatly reduced by lack of maintenance.  This paper discusses effective methods for implementing a pavement maintenance program.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Apr 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/477415</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ARMING THE OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENTS AGAINST POOR SYSTEM RELIABILITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/477416</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In today's environmental climate of fiscal belt-tightening, expanding transit properties are in a constant battle to reduce capital costs and compress construction schedules.  Under this pressure, time budgeted for pre-revenue operations and performance evaluations has been minimized.  This paper will outline a process implemented by the Los Angeles MTA to monitor, measure, and document a system's reliability by incorporating Reliability Demonstration Test (RDT) programs into Metro Rail systems contracts.  The process will include: providing methods for tracking and identifying failure trends; writing specification provisions for contractor's support of the RDT; and documenting the reliability of equipment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Apr 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/477416</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DEVELOPMENT OF AN IEEE STANDARD FOR PASSENGER INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR RAIL TRANSIT VEHICLES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/477407</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Properly developed standards possess the inherent capability to improve a product's market appeal by reducing its price, enhancing its performance and reliability, and improving its availability.  By standardizing certain types of equipment, manufacturers are assured of a wider market application and are therefore more willing to spend limited research and development funds to develop new products and improve existing ones.  FTA has started a project for developing consensus standards for certain selected system interfaces in electric rail passenger vehicles.  One of the systems selected for developing interface standards is the Passenger Information System.  This paper outlines progress to date in developin this standard which is presently going through a draft review.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Apr 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/477407</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>IEEE SAFETY STANDARDS FOR SOFTWARE SYSTEMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/477391</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper discusses the work being done within an IEEE Working Group to develop standards for verification of the safety assurance of fail-safe systems which use software-based implementations.  Fail-safe is defined as a characteristic of a system or its elements whereby any failure or malfunction affecting safety will cause the system to revert to a state know to be safe.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/477391</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DEFINITION OF NEWARK CITY SUBWAY TRACTION POWER SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/477392</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To define a new traction power system for Newark City Subway, a number of substation design isues were identified, each with at least two options.  In order to provide NJ TRANSIT with a basis for their decision making process, and to provide input to the system preliminary and final engineering, the issues and their options were evaluated based on technical factors, equipment availability, safety, reliability, installation costs, and maintenance costs, as appropriate.  This paper considers each design issue and examines the merits of the options available. Relative advantages and disadvantages of the options are compared and recommendations are made as to the most suitable selections for the NJ TRANSIT project.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/477392</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>VITAL MICROPROCESSOR-BASED SIGNALING SYSTEMS ON SEPTA: LESSONS LEARNED</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/477393</link>
      <description><![CDATA[At present, SEPTA has in operation numerous locations utilizing one of each of the three major manufacturers of vital microprocessors in the wayside signaling industry.  In addition to the vital microprocessor system installations, there are various types of non-vital microprocesor systems which are or have been in operation for quite some time.  This diversity of equipment applied to the various modes of rail transportation that form an integral part of SEPTA, have presented a unique perspective on the potentials and the pitfalls of microprocessor based signaling applications.  This paper will attempt to convey some of the lessons that have been learned.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/477393</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NEWARK CITY SUBWAY: CASE STUDY IN MODERNIZING EXISTING LIGHT RAIL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/477394</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A thorough operations analysis and simulation was developed for the Newark City Subway pursuant to the development and recommendation of a cost-effective replacement train control system fot the entire city subway system.  The existing wayside signal system, although maintained to a good state of repair, was antiquated.  Newark City Subway expects to replace its existing fleet of cars by Light Rail Vehicles (LRVs), and it was considered doubtful that the existing signal system could provide adequate operating safety for the new vehicles without substantial modifications. This article looks at the decisions made in the choice of a new train control system that is safe, reliable and cost-effective.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/477394</guid>
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