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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Introduction of the Effective Countermeasure to Curb Passing Speed in ETCLanes</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/936106</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In Japan, Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) System utilization has increased dramatically since its introduction in July 2001 and the ETC utilization rate has been over 75%. With the increase of ETC utilization, some ETC-equipped vehicles pass over ETC lanes at over 20 km per hour and car accidents in ETC lanes to vehicles stopping in ETC lanes have increased. To copewith this situation, the countermeasure to curb passing speed in ETC lanes has become the urgent issue.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 06 Oct 2010 15:00:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/936106</guid>
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      <title>CAVEMAN - Continuous Assessment of Validation Equations by Monitoring the Agency Network</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/936105</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The National Traffic Control Center (NTCC) in England collects traffic data in real time. Currently this is used for assessing the stress on the network. In the future, it is intended that flow data will be used for automatic detection of events involving capacity restriction and demand increases and to estimate travel times under delay conditions. Traditionally, theonly way to check the accuracy of flow data has been to make a video recording of the traffic and manually count the vehicles passing a reporting point. However, there are over 4,000 reporting points on the Project Network so checking accuracy in this manner would take a very long time and, given that the majority of data are accurate, would be extremely inefficient.The basis of CAVEMAN is the Long-term Integration Process (LIP), derived from Kirchhoff’s law for electric current. In the case of flow data, the currents are vehicle flows at upstream and downstream Reporting Points integrated over a long period of time. Providing all flows are known, including those of traffic joining and leaving the carriageway, if the upstream and downstream flows are different, one or more flows must be inaccurate. CAVEMAN also identifies flow data that is reversed vis-a-vis the carriagewaythat it purports to represent (e.g. northbound reported as southbound andvice versa).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 06 Oct 2010 15:00:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/936105</guid>
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      <title>Vehicle Motion Tracking from Infrared Images Using Background SubtractionMethod</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/918760</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Most of the vehicle tracking methods based on images use visible images, but it is difficult for such methods to adjust to changes in the weather and to the different lighting conditions of day and night. However, vehicles must be tracked in all weathers and at any time. Therefore, in this study, the authors propose a method using infrared images that can be applied in all weathers and at any time. Because of the characteristics of infrared images, the project does not use template matching, and mainly applies abackground subtraction method for vehicle tracking.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 03 Jun 2010 07:38:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/918760</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Development of a Cellular-Based Pedestrian Traffic Safety Support System</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/912649</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In Japan, pedestrians and bicyclists account for approximately half of all traffic fatalities. These accidents often occur at blind intersections or on narrow residential streets where driver visibility is limited. Since stand alone vehicle technology is insufficient to help the driver mitigate these accidents, a pedestrian safety support system was developed by Nissan Motor Co., Ltd and NTT DoCoMo, Inc. in order to enable communication between the vehicle and the outside world. This system obtains pedestrian position information from Global Positioning System (GPS)-equipped cell phones carried by pedestrians and vehicle position from car navigation system data transmitted over the cellular network in order to alert drivers to the presence of pedestrians nearby. This paper introduces the functions of the system and the large-scale field testing.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Feb 2010 10:58:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/912649</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The Intersection of the Supply Chain and Transport Domains</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/912650</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The supply chain domain and the transport domain intersect whenever there is an item in a supply chain that shall be moved from one place to another, e.g. from a factory to a warehouse or from a retailer to a customer. The supply chain domain and the transport domain have their own models for the operation of their respective systems and they use different terms and terminology. The main objective of this paper is to describe the intersection of the two domains to have a better understanding of the different terms and models used and a common view on the upper level of the system architecture in both domains focusing on the main roles and responsibilities. The supply chain domain is described by the Supply-Chain Operations Reference-(SCOR) model and the transport domain is described by ARKTRANS. This paper describes how the SCOR operation reference model is transformed to a role model being comparable with the ARKTRANS model.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Feb 2010 10:58:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/912650</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The Optimization of Traffic Channelization and Signal Control in Chinese Medium and Small City</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/912651</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The research embodied in this paper presents a new approach for the optimal design of the traffic channelization and traffic signal control in Chinese medium and small city. Firstly, the traffic characteristic of intersection is analyzed. Secondly, the structure of the design process between traffic channelization optimization and traffic signal control optimization is presented; there are two phrases of the design process: current optimal project and the future optimal project. The optimal project of the traffic channelization and traffic signal control is got using the new design process after the application, by the simulation, the effect is improved distinctly.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Feb 2010 10:58:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/912651</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Measuring Visual Distraction in Driving: The Potential of Head Movement Analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/911918</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Because eye movement measurement is often unstable, this paper investigated whether head movement recording could be an alternative to eye movement analysis for measuring distraction through visual secondary tasks in driving. During a 1 hour drive in the driving simulator, N=16 participants conducted a self paced menu system task which was designed according to commercial in-vehicle information systems. Influence of visual distraction is analyzed and compared for parameters of eye and of head movement. Parameters like percent road center for head and eye movement and proportion of head movement are calculated. Results show that head movement analysis can differentiate nearly as well between distracted and attentive driving as parameters based on eye movement recording in this task context. It is concluded that head movement analysis seems to be a promising alternative for assessing drivers’ distraction.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Feb 2010 10:58:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/911918</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Toolkit for Sustainable Decision Making in ITS Deployment</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/912648</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A number of European Union (EU)-communications have addressed the fact that slow and uncoordinated decision making for Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) deployment on urban, regional and national level is the most urgent problem that needs to be solved in order to utilize the benefits ITS deployment can gain for a sustainable European transportation system. A lack on easy and efficient access to a wide spread ITS knowledge as well as decision making for the deployment is recognized as the key factors for slow down investment on ITS on administration level, a new ITS toolkit with a single entry approach will be developed within an European project.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Feb 2010 10:58:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/912648</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The Dilemma of Data Security, Privacy, Control and Liability in V2X</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/912655</link>
      <description><![CDATA[It is foreseen that vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication systems will be deployed in the next decade. Data security is an enabler for V2V and V2I communication, because the authenticity, integrity and confidentiality of exchanged network traffic must be guaranteed, especially since these messages will certainly be used for safety applications. Furthermore, privacy of the participants must be ensured. While there are mechanisms available to provide protection against mechanical or electronic failures, data security provides protection against malicious attacks motivated by ill will. Malicious parties might attack the communication channel or try to manipulate the integrity of data stored or processed in vehicles. Data security enables trustable safety applications and thus results in fruitful business model revenue. Unfortunately, designing and implementing data security in V2X is not a trivial task but needs to be considered from various perspectives. This article will present the main problems and show approaches to overcome these.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Feb 2010 10:58:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/912655</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Real-Time Business Data for the Mobile Work Force as a Competitive Tool</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/911933</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Swedish passenger rail service company SJ has recently deployed a mobile intelligent transport (IT) system for all of its on board employees. It consists of a handheld computer with wireless access to central systems and has almost a dozen main functions. The system is interesting both because of what it does to simplify customer service and the work environment on board, and because of how it was developed. The system is bi-directional, and helps the staff answer questions both regarding scheduled traffic and changes due to disturbances. It also aides staff duties such as reporting actual numbers of travelers and comfort related maintenance issues. The system completely supports onboard ticketing, but the main objective is not to sell tickets. The main objective is to help staff achieve higher customer satisfaction. Systems development was carried out with what is known as agile methods, allowing the user community to incrementally define the functions of the system without firm requirement specifications prior to project start. This has led to an extremely high acceptance level among users from day one.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Feb 2010 10:58:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/911933</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Traffic Demand Management Using Cellular Phones</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/911922</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As one response to traffic congestion on the Chuo Expressway, Central Nippon Expressway Co., Ltd. (hereafter, C-NEXCO), started operation of the first traffic demand management (TDM) tool using the email function of cellular phones. The service, which launched on October 22, 2008, is called “Chuo Expressway Suisui Mobile” (hereafter, Suisui Mobile). This paper discusses the current state of the Chuo Expressway, the objectives and concept behind development of Suisui Mobile, its main functions, and calculation of its effectiveness based on the results of a questionnaire survey.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Feb 2010 10:58:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/911922</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The BALI Project: First Lessons</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/912645</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As well as other European countries willing to reduce road insecurity and convinced that greater observance of speed limits is a condition for drastically reducing the number of fatalities, the French Ministry in charge of Transport launched the BALI project to demonstrate, at county scale, the advantage and reliability of a system for collecting and disseminating speed limit data. Such devices as intelligent speed adapters are marketed at a European scale and need European solutions for feeding reliable information into them. Therefore, the BALI project has to take these solutions into consideration and is thus one of the test sites of the ROSATTE project. New initiatives issued by the ministry and carrying on with BALI should follow soon and the European ITS action plan may boost the next realizations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Feb 2010 10:58:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/912645</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Active Safety in Road Vehicles - Developing Testing and Evaluation Methods for ICT-Based Safety Systems</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/911931</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Active safety systems will further increase the safety of all road vehicles. Testing and evaluation methods are needed to confirm the performance of new systems in a way which lets the benefits be easily understood by the buyer of the vehicle. Test and evaluation methods must be developed based on relevant traffic scenarios. Physical testing on the test track in specific scenarios is expected to be the core of the performance testing. But also laboratory tests and design reviews are being developed. Safety indicators will be obtained using well specified test procedures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Feb 2010 10:58:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/911931</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Safety Advisory Applications for Connected Traveler – Safe Trip 21 in California</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/912673</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes recent work that was conducted in preparation for an initial field evaluation study plan for safety applications within the scope of Safe Trip-21 California Connected Traveler. It explains the rational of target scenarios and the related applications that explore the hypothesis that SafeTrip-21 can provide safety services of value to the connected traveler. A few case studies are used to illustrate the driver-assistance functions that can be provided under the framework of Safe-Trip 21 Program. These applications, when deployed with timely alerts to drivers, can increase driver awareness of the driving environment on the road ahead and minimize hazardous situations that may potentially lead to collisions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Feb 2010 10:58:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/912673</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Performance Evaluation of an RVC System with Narrow Beam Antenna</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/911825</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In roadside-to-vehicle communication (RVC) system, especially for vehicle safety applications, it is necessary to improve the tolerance to multipath fading, shadowing, and the mutual interference of some roadside units (RSUs) or vehicles which are “hidden nodes”. As one countermeasure for the shadowing and “hidden node” problem, we have examined adaptation of the UHF-band narrow beam antenna to RSU. In this paper, firstly, the characteristic of communication area by the narrow beam antenna is shown. Moreover, the developed OFDM system for the RVC is introduced, and finally, some effects of the narrow beam antenna to “hidden node” problem are shown.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Feb 2010 10:58:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/911825</guid>
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