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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Critical Walking Space Requirement for Collision Avoidance of Pedestrians: An Experimental Study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2094970</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To explore the critical walking space requirement for collision avoidance under the normal walking conditions, the characteristics of behavior for collision avoidance were studied through controlled experiments. It is revealed that, to avoid a standing person, the average critical walking space is about 2 m² per person. The average critical walking space requirement for avoiding the opposite moving pedestrian is about 2.64 m² per person. Furthermore, females need more walking space for collision avoidance than males. The critical walking space is mainly determined by the characteristics of pedestrians themselves in low density (a free walking condition), under which condition there is no significant relationship between the pedestrian's speed and walking space for collision avoidance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 04 Jan 2024 10:46:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2094970</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Research on FC' 2013 Vehicles' Qualification Test Principles and Results Analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314463</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Four principles of qualification tests are formulated based on 2013 The Future Challenge - Intelligent Vehicles and Beyond (FC' 2013) qualification test purposes. To ensure that vehicle technology can meet the requirements of race and guarantee safety of vehicle operation, ten areas of basic information are proposed for vehicle verification requirements. Test purpose, equipment, conditions, and content are presented in accordance with relevant national standards. Results of FC' 2013 are formulated by testing reliability of E-stop, braking performance, minimum controlled distance and maximum controlled distance. Through analyzing the data of braking distance, the current technology level of China's intelligent vehicles is presented and some specific recommendations are given for improving qualification testing. The results can provide technical support and useful reference for the development of intelligent vehicle test technology.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Aug 2014 09:12:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314463</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Safety Evaluation of Flight Training Airports Based on the Fuzzy Theory</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314417</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Aviation training airports are one of the most important elements in the aviation system because they ensure operational safety during flights. The flight training airport plays a special role in guaranteeing training safety. This research provides theoretical support for flight training airports to build a safety management system which makes use of the Delphi method and the Analytic Hierarchy Process. It builds off of fuzzy theory to select safety evaluation indices and evaluate training airports.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Aug 2014 09:12:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314417</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Design of Highway Tunnel LED Lighting Control System</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314451</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In a traditional tunnel lighting system, there exists some problems, such as poor adaptability to environment changes in brightness and a serious waste of power. In this paper, Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI) is adopted in a tunnel light emitting diode (LED) lighting control system. Meanwhile, stepless and reliable dimming control can be achieved. The authors present a new design ofa LED tunnel lighting intelligent control system that is mainly composed of a monitoring computer, a tunnel monitoring main controller, a DALI master controller and a DALI slave controller based on tunnel lighting energy-saving control strategy. The frame structure of software and hardware is given, and the paper describes in detail the design idea and realization method of the controllers. What's more, every component is compared and filtered carefully so that the tunnel lighting system is reasonable and smooth. The performance results show that the control system not only ensures operation safety of the tunnel, but also achieves remote and stepless dimming control.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Aug 2014 09:12:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314451</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Agent-Based Modeling Simulation for Economic Evaluation of Parking Guidance Information System in Rest Areas</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314441</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents an agent-based approach to evaluating the economic effects of a parking guidance information (PGI) system by modeling drivers' behavior under different parking guidance conditions with and without PGI. An agent-based model (ABM) is established to explicitly capture car-following behavior and driver searching behavior under the condition of knowing the characteristics of alternatives and receiving information by the PGI system. The parking search process is modeled by using the multi nomal logit (MNL) model. The study may be regarded as one of the few studies to integrate multi-agent activities of parking choice process, Poisson distribution,geographic information system (GIS), and a detailed traffic micro-simulation for economic evaluation with and without the PGI system. The simulation results of the number of lost agents and the average search time of all agents can be applied to evaluate the economic benefit of the PGI system.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Aug 2014 09:12:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314441</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Delay Estimation Model Based on Low-Sampling-Rate Floating Car Data</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314449</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the light that floating car data (FCD) in real operations are of low sampling rate, a delay estimation method at intersections based on low-sampling-rate floating car data is proposed. This study analyzes running state differences of vehicles on different road units, delimits the affected area of an intersection and expedites travel speed of a vehicle on a specific road, using two nearest global positioning system (GPS) points outside the affected area to calculate time stamps of a vehicle entering and leaving the affected area. Taking Guangzhou as a case study, a typical intersection is chosen to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Extensive experimental results have demonstrated the better potential of low-sampling-rate FCD in delay estimation, with 85% of calculating results within 10s in terms of absolute error.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Aug 2014 09:12:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314449</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Deriving Travel Behavior Data of Urban Subway Passengers from Mobile Phone Network</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314450</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The subway is an important transportation mode in large cities. Subway operators need travel behavior data of subway passengers to improve their service level. In this paper, a traffic collection method based on wireless communication technology is reviewed and compared. A method to derive information from cell-ID and HO data based on the special settlement of underground mobile communication base stations is proposed. The passenger volume and travel time -- in both the subway network and subway station -- can be drawn, which will support the operation management and travel navigation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Aug 2014 09:12:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314450</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Revealing Taxi Driver Route Choice Characteristics Based on GPS Data</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314465</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Taxi drivers are very familiar with the traffic status of urban road networks and often try to make more profit; so, they prefer to choose a more sensible route in the operating process. In this paper, the authors study the route choice characteristics of taxi drivers. First, the authors calculate driving distances and operating income and select two groups of high-income and low-income driver samples through global positioning system (GPS) data, which are derived from more than 2,000 taxis in Shenzhen City. Then, the authors extract driving tracks of the two groups of samples and compare their actual paths with the minimum travel time path and the robust optimal path in terms of theory and analyze their travel time reliability. The authors find that the high-income drivers can make full use of traffic status and find a faster and more reliable route in urban road networks.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Aug 2014 09:12:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314465</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Sound Barrier Height Optimization of the High-Speed Maglev</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314432</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study is based on a three-dimensional, unsteady, compressible N-S equation and RNG κ-ε two-equation turbulence model, air pressure on high-speed maglev and aerodynamic force on sound barrier and cable box when the high-speed maglev passing are calculated. The aerodynamic characteristics at three heights during the high-speed maglev passing by each other at the speed of 400km/h are analyzed separately. The results show that the air pressure amplitude increases slightly with the increasing height of the sound barrier. The aerodynamic force on the sound barrier and cable box increases obviously with the increasing height of the sound barrier. The amplitude of air pressure and aerodynamic force is minimal when the height of the sound barrier is 1500 mm. Therefore, the best height of the 3 heights for the sound barrier is 1500 mm.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Aug 2014 09:12:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314432</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Modeling and Simulation of Cooperative Strategies for Vehicle Platoon Longitudinal Control</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314459</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An autonomous platoon makes use of collaborative driving techniques which will be capable of increasing traffic density and safety effectively. This paper proposes a platoon cooperation framework consisting of two sub-layers. The upper (collaboration) layer defines the platoon collaboration maneuvers and implements the maneuver switching. The lower (control) layer executes the final control instructions for each member vehicle of the platoon, taking the output of the upper layer as its control parameters. Finite state machines are used to model the collaboration process and form the basis on which the state switching flows of collaboration control are implemented. A simulative platoon composed of several intelligent model cars has been established. Experiments on the longitudinal control of a platoon were conducted in this model vehicle simulation environment. The results show that the proposed control logic is sufficiently effective for the longitudinal platoon collaborative maneuvers -- including merging, separating and following -- to be executed and switched smoothly.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Aug 2014 09:12:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314459</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>BRT Space Speed Guidance Method within a VII Environment</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314446</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper puts forward a bus rapid transit (BRT) space speed guidance model within a Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII) environment. First of all, a dwell time prediction model and travel time prediction model are demonstrated. Secondly, speed guidance models are introduced according to three different conditions. Finally, the models are simulated respectively, and compared with the unguided condition. The models proposed can significantly improve the efficiency of the BRT system and can be widely accepted by drivers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Aug 2014 09:12:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314446</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effect of Cutting Slope Angle on Aerodynamic Performance of High-Speed Trains</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314430</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Research on aerodynamic performance of high-speed trains in cutting with different slope angles would complement the operation safety management under strong winds. This study was conducted to investigate the flow structure around a train using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The accuracy of the numerical method was validated, combined with a wind tunnel test. This work shows that the surroundings of cutting along the railway line have great effect on the crosswind stability of the train. With the increase of slope angle, the coefficients of aerodynamic forces tend to reduce. Comparing the angle 0° with 90°, the Cs, Cl and Cm of head car fall by 96.7%, 108%, and 96.8% to the maximum respectively, while those of middle car by 108%, 98.8%, and 105%. For the shield of applicable cutting, the whole body is in a minor positive pressure environment. Thus, an appropriate slope angle for the cutting can largely improve its windbreak performance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Aug 2014 09:12:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314430</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Tensor Completion-Based Traffic State Estimation Model</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314440</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Due to the low penetration rate and random routes of floating cars, the traffic state derived by the floating car system could not cover all the links of the road network, which has a great impact on the performance of dynamic traffic management and information applications. In this paper, the state of link which has the float car passing through is obtained by the float car system. For the link without passing through by the float car, a tensor form that can encode spatial and temporal correlation simultaneously is introduced to modeling the traffic state for the first time. Then, the traffic state of links without passing through by floating cars is completed by the tensor completion method which can well mines the multi-mode correlations of traffic state tensor model. In the experiment, the simulated data are used to evaluate the completion strategy in the tensor framework and the results show that the proposed strategy tends to deliver high-quality solutions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Aug 2014 09:12:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314440</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Characteristics Analysis of Guangzhou Waterbus Passengers Based on IC Card Data</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314415</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The present situation of low water bus passenger flow and low ridership make the authors consider the service orientation in Guangzhou. The characteristics of travelers are important for the planning and development of the waterbus. IC card data is widely used for analyzing the characteristics of public transportation. However, there is little research on how to analyze the characteristics of waterbus passengers based on IC card data. In this paper, IC card data - combined with the practical operation situation of waterbus - is used to analyze the characteristics of waterbus passengers, such as travel times, the distribution of passengers in time and space, the passengers' arrival rate and the waiting time. The conclusion is that the waterbus is more attractive to non-commuters than commuters. Furthermore, some suggestions about how to attract more passengers are presented according to the results before.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Aug 2014 09:12:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314415</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Real-Time Traffic Speed Variability Modeling and Prediction</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314461</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Traffic condition reliability is very important for developing a robust transportation management and control system and travel time variability. It has been investigated extensively over the past several years. In this paper -- targeting providing more insight into traffic variability -- traffic speed variability is investigated and modeled. In this paper, using traffic speed variability has been computed as the variance of vehicle speeds at a fixed time interval. Then, the traffic speed variance series is modeled using the classical time series models. Real time traffic data that was collected from loop detectors installed on the roadway systems in the United Kingdom has been used for this purpose. Finally, traffic speed variances are predicted in a real-time fashion using the Kalman filter approach constructed from the time series model. Empirical results showed that traffic speed variability can be modeled and predicted reliably.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Aug 2014 09:12:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314461</guid>
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