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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Relationships Between Road Horizontal Geometry, Driving Behavior and CO₂ Emissions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113723</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Exhaust gas emission produced by motor vehicles are mainly caused by the elevation features of the road and by the vehicle type. In truth, there is another contribution, probably lower, that can correlate with the driving behavior. This, in turn, is a function of the road geometry that may thus assume a key role not only in terms of functionality and safety, but also in controlling environmental impacts. In this study, the relationships between the longitudinal acceleration, the CO₂ emissions and the geometrical features of the road have been analyzed, to contribute to improving road design quality. The analysis of these potential relationships has been developed through an experimental study in a simulated environment. The results evidenced how the emissions depend on the homogeneity of driving, including variables related to visibility, alignment understanding by the drivers, similarity of adjacent elements. However, some conclusions are interesting because they raise questions regarding the correctness of existing models for operative speed forecasting, available in literature and used to verify the road design homogeneity and consistency. This research may have a positive impact in comparing the road design standards and guidelines of the various countries and, mainly, it may suggest alignment composition procedures based not only on safety and use, but also on environmental impacts.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 25 May 2023 16:58:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113723</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Supply Chain Synchronization Through Deep Reinforcement Learning</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113728</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Synchronized supply chains can mitigate a cascading rise-and-fall inventory dynamic and prevent cycles of over and under-production. This paper demonstrated that a deep reinforcement learning agent could only perform adaptive coordination along the whole supply chain if end-to-end information transparency is ensured. Operational and strategic disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the post-pandemic recovery can become a necessary kick-starter for required changes in information transparency and global coordination. This paper explores the capabilities of deep reinforcement learning agents to synchronize commodity flows and support operational continuity in the stochastic and nonstationary environment if end-to-end visibility is provided. The paper concludes that the proposed solution can perform adaptive control in complex systems and have potential in supply chain management and logistics. Among discovered benefits, it is essential to highlight that the proximal policy optimization is universal, task unspecific, and does not require prior knowledge about the system.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 May 2023 10:10:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113728</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Accessibility of Regional Public Transport</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113742</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Passengers living in remote areas should prioritise public transport over private cars, which increase congestion, parking and environmental problems. In order to achieve this goal, public transport must be accessible to every inhabitant of the region. The development of a regional public transport system must provide for balanced access to regional public transport stations/stops and the frequency of public transport routes to satisfy the needs of passengers. This article aims to analyse the serious public transport accessibility situation in Lithuanian regions and to develop a methodology for the setting regions where public transport is completely inefficient and where alternatives to public transport should be explored.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 May 2023 10:10:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113742</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Station Capacity Analysis of a Metro Line with Discrete Event Simulation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113725</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper demonstrates the utilization of discrete event simulation for the capacity assessment of an existing metro line using performance metrics of train utilization and passenger waiting queues at the stations. The metro line was modelled with using Arena Simulation model blocks of queues and train routing delays and the simulation model was executed with using the hourly passenger arrival schedules, an origin-destination matrix scenario and variable train time headways. The results indicated the significant deviations of the waiting passenger numbers prior to train boarding with failed train boarding resulted from system congestion. The study indicated that the train time headways can influence the system equilibrium and significant congestions are especially prominent for the intermediate stations with high passenger traffic. The characteristics of the O-D matrix was also a significant contributor to the individual station congestion since the train capacity is highly occupied with the passengers of the popular stations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 May 2023 10:10:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113725</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Specifics of the Influence of the Perception of the Traffic Situation of Road Users on the Occurrence of an Accident</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113726</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In order to correctly estimate the moment of recognizing the occurrence of a collision situation, it is essential for the driver to evaluate the method of preventing an accident and to assess the driving technique. In the analysis of an accident, one of the important tasks is to evaluate the driver's ability to perceive the traffic situation according to various aspects. At present, there are various measuring systems of eye movement, which are designed to perform a quality reconstruction of the direction of eye movement of road users as a function of time. In addition to the basic physiology of the perception of road users, the paper deals with the use of the Viewpointsystem® measuring system designed for the analysis of eye movement in the perception of the traffic situation. First, it is characterized by a measuring system, outputs in the human-road-vehicle relationship, as well as its hardware and software. As part of determining the decisive moment for a collision situation, an analysis of the direction of movement of the eyes of the vehicle driver during a dangerous traffic situation is performed while driving on a road section located outside the village.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 May 2023 10:10:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113726</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Prospects of Neuromarketing Application in Communication Activities of Logistics Enterprises</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113721</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Neuromarketing has a wide range of applications: to build an effective communication policy with consumers, investors and other components of the business ecosystem. Compliance with ethics of neuroscience, data protection, helps to increase consumer confidence, more efficient, more personalized satisfaction of needs. Companies need to educate consumers about the relevance of neuromarketing. Motivating factors are: better, more complete and comprehensive satisfaction of current and anticipation of future needs to improve the quality of life, and this requires constant research.The advantage of neuromarketing is that it allows to detect reactions that occur under the influence of new factors, in particular in a Covid-19 pandemic.Content analysis of leading in Ukraine logistics companies websites showed a comprehensive positioning of companies, paying significant attention to quality standards, environmental safety, corporate social responsibility. In order to achieve the desired emotions, response of consumers more effectively, logistics companies need to improve their websites in the following areas: to place relevant information about services in two versions – concise and more detailed; to ensure the localization of websites, in particular, to follow the usual sites navigation for a particular country. It is expedient to use chatbots more actively for acceleration and convenience of communications. It is advisable to diversify visualization tools that will increase the effectiveness of content perception.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 May 2023 10:10:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113721</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The Potential of Using Micromobility to Connect to Urban Rail in an Integrated Passenger Transport System</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113718</link>
      <description><![CDATA[There is a challenge of adequate planning and functioning the first and last mile problem in urban mobility. When this issue is not solved according to passenger expectations, they will often start to switch from public passenger system to cars. This is a stumbling block in the attempt to achieve a better modal split in favour of public transport. For the last few years, the new emerging technology has been micromobility. Micromobility is a new and feasible solution that encourages people to use an integrated public transport system more often. There is a useful link between micromobility and the rest of the integrated passenger transport system, especially considering a tariff policy. This paper outlines the results of a field research consisting of a survey that aimed to establish the wishes for the potential use of micromobility. The research was carried out in and around the Croatian capital – Zagreb. Research results represent the first step of implementing micromobility in an integrated passenger transport system.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 May 2023 10:10:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113718</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Estimation of Technological Development of Transport Enterprises</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113719</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article examines the problems of technological development of transport companies and the use of this development as one of the tools for the competitiveness of transport companies and ensuring the quality of transport companies’ transportation services. Modern Information Technology (IT) of transport companies improves the management of information flows and enables better service of the company’s customers or passengers. The technological development of transport companies is inseparable from the availability and use of information technologies and telecommunications. Based on the analysis of literature sources, an expert evaluation questionnaire with the concepts of factors − explanations were formed and prepared, and a list of experts to be interviewed was compiled. During the structural analysis of the technological development of enterprises, the components of the technological development process of the transport enterprise and the factors determining the technological development of the transport enterprise are identified. An expert evaluation questionnaire is developed according to the identified quality criteria of the impact of transport technologies on freight or passenger transport. After processing the data of the expert survey, the criteria are arranged and the results of the research are presented. Conclusions and suggestions are presented at the end.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 May 2023 10:10:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113719</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Resilience as a Feature of Intelligent Railway Infrastructure</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113717</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The transport infrastructure of the state is an important part of modern society. The quality of the transport infrastructure is crucial for the functioning of logistics processes and for transport services. Our research into the resilience of major infrastructure is closely linked to the use of information and communication technologies. The article presents the state of art of individual parts of resilience, then presents the proposals of researchers and the results of research solutions focused on railway infrastructure. Resilience is divided into robustness, renewable and adaptability. The research of individual parts of resilience was solved within the RESILIENCE project in the Czech Republic, the CIERA methodology was created. The mentioned methodology was tested in the Slovak Republic with the conclusion that it is very complicated for practical use. For this reason, the methodology was modified. For the purposes of practice, the research was focused on the renewable part and focused on material, finance, personnel and recovery technologies. An application in the excel environment was prepared for practical use, which enables effective evaluation of renewable energy with the participation of experts. The resulting renewable is complemented by real measures focusing on sub-indicators. The aim of the article to create a methodology for the renewability of railway infrastructure facilities has been met.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 May 2023 10:10:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113717</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Investigation of Criteria of Winter Tires Selection: How the Choice of Experts and Drivers Differs</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113716</link>
      <description><![CDATA[When analyzing the technical condition of a vehicle, its interaction with the pavement, tires have a special significance, because this interaction takes place through the tires. This paper analyzes the criteria for experts and respondents to select passenger car tires for the winter season. The application of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods to determine the importance of criteria for the choice of tires for the winter season is performed. The study uses the developed questionnaire, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, rank correlations, and ARTIW methods. Descriptions and questionnaires of factors (criteria) for respondents and experts were compiled in the study, surveys of experts and respondents were conducted, as well as paired comparison matrices were used. The study identified what criteria are most important for respondents and experts when choosing passenger car tires for the winter season. After examining the significance of the groups of factors, the experts chose the technical characteristics of the tires as the most important group, and the respondents chose the brand of the tire manufacturer. Examining individual groups and factors it was found that the opinions of Lithuanian drivers and experts on many factors were quite similar, and no significant differences were found in the study.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Apr 2023 16:53:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113716</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Assessment of Environmental Risks of the Gas Transportation Process by Main Pipelines</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113714</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The problem of ensuring technological reliability and environmental friendliness of the natural gas transportation process is considered along with the main approaches to risk assessment and management at industrial facilities. To increase the trouble-free operation of the gas transmission system, a comprehensive risk management system has been proposed. Investigations into the ecological condition of the ground layer of air are underway in Bogorodchany district. Maps representing the distribution of harmful matter concentrations, coefficients of concentrations, coefficients of ecological danger, and the map of total contaminating index are used in the investigations. General chart of ecological risk is represented here. In particular, the objects for transporting gas are analyzed. The method for calculating the area detonation and the explosive cloud distribution is considered during damage of the main gas pipeline. Area detonating and distance of mixture explosive cloud distribution are calculated at different wind speeds.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Apr 2023 16:53:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113714</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Organization of Transport Provision of Export of Grain Cargo Under the Conditions of Stochastic Nature of Receipt of Service Requirements</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113713</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article simulates the organization of transport support for grain exports under the condition of modeling the phased maintenance of requirements, identifies the main characteristics of queuing systems using the technology of pre-accumulation of grain cargo in port and port elevators. The possibility of solving the problem of rational transport service is substantiated, when the incoming application of the flow of requirements of the incoming flow is gradually served by several applications of another flow. It is proved that the main components of transport systems can be the development of methods of transport services and justification of rational interaction of different types of transport for the transportation of grain cargo for export purposes in integrated production systems. As a result, transport processes in the systems of transport service of export cargo flows in the work were considered as the interconnected work of economic entities, means of one or different modes of transport, taking into account the impact of the environment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Apr 2023 16:53:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113713</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Fatigue Risk Assessment of Cabin Crew for Aviation Transport Safety</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113710</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Airlines recognize fatigue as a threat to flight safety. Fatigue risk management (FRM) is crucial to maximizing safety levels. FRM necessitates measuring and assessing fatigue, sleep, and workload to identify risks, and to determine associated risk indicators, risk severity, risk probability, and risk level. This research evaluates the causes of fatigue and their risks in order to develop an effective fatigue risk assessment system for aviation cabin crew, in collaboration with four commercial airlines. The bowtie method is used to assess fatigue causes, risk identification, and management strategies. This study identifies fatigue causes and risk-related components for developing a practical fatigue risk assessment tool for the aviation cabin crew.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Apr 2023 16:53:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113710</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>High Order Bézier Curves Based Path Planning for Autonomous Movement in Single Lane Roundabouts</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113712</link>
      <description><![CDATA[None of the possible advantages of autonomous vehicles are going to become reality if the autonomous vehicles are not going to be able to move properly in various different urban scenarios like lane changing, intersections, roundabouts, etc. One of the first tasks, which must be solved in order to be able to properly autonomously move in different urban scenarios, is the path planning. However, the path planning problems, while taking into consideration different urban scenarios, are analysed not equally and the roundabouts is the scenario, which is still behind. Thus, this work analyses the path planning for roundabouts problem, while applying one of the most popular interpolation based approaches – the Bezier curves. A novel way to select the control points for high order Bezier curves, intended for entering a single lane roundabout, driving within the roundabout and exiting the roundabout, is presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Apr 2023 16:53:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113712</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Comparing Analysis of Standard and Compact Versions of Two Metal Braid High-Pressure Hoses Basing on Experimental Research</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113691</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The results of comparing analysis of behaviour and energy efficiency between standard (regular) and compact versions of high-pressure hoses used in the machinery hydraulic drives are presented in this article. The approach in this research is based on the experimental measurement of high-pressure hose vibration, inside fluid flow pressure measurement and frequency analysis. By experimental measuring’s, compared a standard (regular) and compact versions of two metal braid composite high-pressure hoses. The current research was performed to describe a different between standard (regular) and compact versions of high-pressure hose behaviour from depend on fluid flow inside. In current research disclosed that by using different type of the two metal braid high-pressure hoses can be achieved a reduce of power losses, damped fluid pulsation and increasing hydraulic drive efficiency by replacing a high-pressure hoses on another type of high-pressure hose, during machinery hydraulic drive maintenance or on design stage.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Apr 2023 16:53:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113691</guid>
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