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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Attitudes of learner drivers toward safety at level crossings: Do they change after a 360° video-based educational intervention?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1688921</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In light of the growing number of level crossing accidents and the limited prevention programmes, this study examined relationships among attitudes toward traffic rules, impulsiveness, and behavioural intentions at level crossings. It explored the behavioural effects of an educational programme newly developed within the framework of the Croatian national safety project “Implementation of measures to improve the safety of the most vulnerable traffic participants at level crossings“. The programme aimed to change risky attitudes and behavioural intentions of learner drivers at level crossings. It consists of a safety lecture accompanied by pictures, videos and the exposition to a 3D virtual reality film shot at a real level crossing, which allows the participant to experience, from the driver’s perspective, safe and risky crossings. The programme was implemented in 11 driving schools. First, 285 participants (62.8% men) answered a questionnaire measuring safety attitudes toward traffic and impulsiveness, then they attended a lecture and participated in the virtual reality experience. Finally, they answered a questionnaire measuring planned future behaviour at level crossings. The results showed that attitudes toward level crossing risk significantly predicted intended driving behaviour at level crossings. Furthermore, the 360° video-based educational intervention altered the relationships connecting attitudes toward level crossings and risky driving behaviour at level crossings. The practical implications of these results are discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Apr 2020 17:39:47 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Road Safety Education Intervention for Pre-drivers: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1082973</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Young drivers are overrepresented in traffic fatalities/collisions. Attempts to address this problem with pre-driver education have not met with unambiguous success. However, there is a lack of research on whether pre-driver education can change psychological antecedents to behavior. The framework of the theory of planned behavior was used to assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention used across the United Kingdom that aims to improve attitudes to highway safety in pre-drivers. Secondary school students aged 15-16 years participated in the research, drawn from 12 schools in the United Kingdom. 199 students took part in Experiment 1 (EXP1)  and 430 in Experiment 2 (EXP2). EXP1 employed a within-participants design to measure any changes in road safety beliefs from pre- to post-intervention and 5-month follow-up. EXP2 used a between-participants design to test whether changes were genuine or due to experimenter effects. Results of EXP1 revealed a small short-term improvement in some pre-driver beliefs immediately after the educational intervention, but no effect on other beliefs, and some evidence of unintended outcomes. The small, significant improvements found in EXP1 were replicated in EXP2, which is consistent with there being a genuine effect. Considering evidence from both experiments suggests effectiveness of road safety education interventions are at best short term, and limited to some but not all psychological factors, with some risk of unintended consequences.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 15 Dec 2010 08:57:40 GMT</pubDate>
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