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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Winter Severity Index with Winter Maintenance Expenses and Material Usage</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2582866</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Effective winter road maintenance is crucial for safe travel and represents a substantial portion of the Michigan Department of Transportation’s (MDOT) annual budget. A primary challenge in winter operations is resource allocation for different winter maintenance materials, due to the substantial variability in winter weather conditions across Michigan’s diverse regions. MDOT currently employs a Weather Severity Index (WSI); however, this existing WSI does not explicitly account for regional differences in weather phenomena or directly translate weather severity into associated maintenance costs. To address this challenge, this study aimed to develop a more accurate and actionable index linking regional weather conditions directly to winter maintenance costs. Initially, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify best practices nationwide. This review revealed a variety of approaches among state Departments of Transportation agencies, emphasizing the benefits of region-specific weather indices that directly correlate to maintenance expenditures. To gain further insights, two targeted surveys were conducted. First, a statewide survey of Michigan’s MDOT garages highlighted significant variability in local maintenance practices, driven primarily by localized weather phenomena such as lake-effect snow. Second, a nationwide DOT survey provided a broader perspective, confirming the value of integrating short-term forecasting and detailed weather data into severity indices to improve proactive resource management. Leveraging these insights, the research team developed the Material Cost-based Winter Severity Index (MC-WSI), explicitly designed to capture unique Michigan regional climates. The NOAA Climate Divisions were adopted as the regional framework, segmenting Michigan into 10 climatologically homogeneous regions. Due to limitations in operational cost data, standardized material unit costs derived from historical bid records were applied consistently across the state. Statistical analyses based on various weather factors correlated with material costs identified pavement temperature, hours of snowfall, and hours of freezing rain as the most significant predictors of monthly material usage. Robust linear regression models were developed and validated using five-fold cross-validation, confirming the high accuracy and reliability of the models. The MC-WSI depicts these predicted material costs into a standardized index ranging from 0 to 100, allowing decision-makers to directly interpret weather impacts and proactively adjust operational plans and budgets. Comparative assessments showed that the MC-WSI substantially outperforms the MDOT current index in correlating with actual material usage rates in different regions. Finally, strategic recommendations and future research opportunities were identified, including the adoption of MC-WSI into operational practice and developing an online tool for automated estimation and a short-term forecasting module integrated with an improved real-time data management system (weather features and maintenance costs). While specifically developed for Michigan, this research provides valuable methods and insights applicable to other states confronting similar winter maintenance challenges.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Sep 2025 13:39:58 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Inventory of Connected Vehicle Applications as Part of
Preparing a Possible Oregon Road Map for Connected
Vehicle/Cooperative Systems Deployment Scenario</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1406703</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The goal of this project was to lay the groundwork for Oregon to be prepared to lead in the implementation of a connected vehicle/cooperative systems transportation portfolio, and/or to avoid being caught by surprise as developments in this area evolve quickly. The project assessed Oregon Department of Transportation's (ODOT’s) internal mechanisms for addressing connected vehicle/cooperative systems, scanned, reviewed and assessed the technical maturity of potential connected vehicle/cooperative system applications, developed preliminary goals, linked to prospective connected vehicle/cooperative systems applications, and refined/ranked/prioritized those that fit with potential ODOT role in advancing/leading these initiatives. The project identified opportunities for linking ODOT’s current programs with national and international connected vehicle/cooperative system research, testing and deployment initiatives, and recommended a final shared vision and “road map” for Oregon's priority connected vehicle/cooperative system applications. This volume contains a detailed inventory and literature review of a set of 64 connected vehicle/cooperative system end user applications (with a focus on the U.S.) that are mature enough for deployment in the context of total fleet penetration. Each application was analyzed across a range of criteria including benefits, impact, maturity, interface and infrastructure requirements, vehicle component requirements, applicability to Oregon, as well as communications and data requirements. The inventory of connected vehicle/cooperative systems was performed in the context of ODOT/statewide goals, and in response to applications and initiatives being developed by U.S. Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and the private sector. Comparisons to European applications are also included in this volume.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 May 2016 15:47:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1406703</guid>
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      <title>Statewide Opportunities for Linking Planning and Operations: A Primer</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/896161</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This primer is designed to raise awareness of the benefits and opportunities for coordinating planning and operations activities within State Departments of Transportation (DOTs), targeted at mid-level DOT planning and operations staff. To achieve this goal, the primer provides the following information: (1) Descriptions of the relevance of planning to operations and operations to planning; (2) Organization of the current set of materials, projects, and documentation associated with the topic of linking planning and operations; (3) Identification of gaps and opportunities for linking planning and operations at state DOTs; (4) Description of steps that DOTs can take to better link planning and operations in several key areas, highlighted by case studies of State DOTs that have worked towards linking planning and operations; and (5) A self assessment questionnaire that State DOT planning and operational staff can use to help them understand how well they are linking planning and operations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Jul 2009 09:16:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/896161</guid>
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      <title>STATEWIDE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING: INTRODUCTION AND EXECUTIVE SUMMARY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/575489</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In June 1996, the Transportation Research Board (TRB) Committee on Statewide Multimodal Transportation Planning sponsored a national conference on statewide transportation planning that was held in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho.  The purpose of the conference was to examine the state experience with Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA)-mandated statewide planning and to discuss potential changes to the planning requirements in the forthcoming ISTEA reauthorization.  The meeting was held in conjunction with the mid-year meeting of the Standing Committee on Planning of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).  The conference was organized to promote as much dialogue as possible.  Breakout discussion groups and plenary discussion sessions were structured to provide opportunities for input. The conference formal program consisted of six plenary sessions that provided a focus for the discussion.  The first session included presentations from three state department of transportation chief administrative officers who were asked to discuss how transportation planning was used in their organizations and to discuss potential changes in the regulations that would enhance this role.  The second session focussed on reauthorization and consisted of speakers from many different perspectives offering their suggestions.  The third session examined one of the key themes of the ISTEA planning vision - linking planning to programming and finance.  The fourth session reflected the growing importance and interest in system management and operations, and how to incorporate such concerns into the transportation planning process.  The fifth session discussed alternative analytical tools that are being used in statewide planning, and improvements to the current state-of-practice in analysis methodology.  The final session presented examples of states where all of these elements were "brought together" in a coordinated and comprehensive manner. This executive summary presents an overview of the key concepts and themes discussed at this conference.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 24 Jul 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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