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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Weighing Heavy Vehicles in Motion for a Compliant and Sustainable Road Freight Transport</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1740332</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Road carries more than 75% of the freight in the European Union where at least 4 million trucks are in operation. Overloads affect the economy of transport, road safety and infrastructure. Weigh-in-motion (WIM) technology allow gathering extensive data in heavy good vehicles (HGVs) weights and dimensions, useful for freight traffic monitoring, infrastructure design and maintenance, and HGVs compliance. Since 2006, France has developed a WIM networks on highways and motorways, continuously and automatically collecting traffic data, such as axle loads and gross vehicle weights, as did other EU Member States to support overload enforcement. A French concessionary motorway company, Atlandes, uses two of these WIM systems to accurately monitoring the freight and HGVs statistics on its network. Its experience and results are reported in this paper. Finally, the paper explains the challenges, perspectives, plans and the potential benefits of a future implementation of direct enforcement of overloads by WIM in France and in the UE. The progresses of a National WIM project for direct enforcement are reported, as well as the deployment perspectives and conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Dec 2020 10:44:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1740332</guid>
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      <title>Direct enforcement of overload by WIM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1491770</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Heavy commercial vehicle overloads contribute to deterioration of infrastructure and increase road unsafety and unfair competition between transport modes and operators. An efficient enforcement system of weights and dimensions at an affordable cost is therefore required. A large scale project was launched by the French Ministry of Transport in 2014 in France, led by IFSTTAR, in cooperation with the Cerema, to demonstrate the feasibility of using high speed weigh-in-motion (HS-WIM) systems for direct enforcement of overloads. This ambitious challenge requires overcoming technological and metrological gaps, and modifying the current legislation. The required tolerances are ±5% for the gross vehicle weight, and ±10% for axle loads for 100% of the vehicles. The methodology is to develop sorting criteria and algorithms, eliminating the outliers, that is to say the weighing data outside these tolerances. The project organization and management is described and the first results are presented in this paper.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 14 Dec 2017 15:55:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1491770</guid>
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      <title>Experimentation of a Bridge WIM System in France and Applications to Bridge Monitoring and Overload Screening</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1265588</link>
      <description><![CDATA[For 15 years, bridge weigh-in-motion (B-WIM) systems have been studied in France, including through experiments conducted by the LCPC (now IFSTTAR) on steel orthotropic bridges within the WAVE European project. In this paper, the authors summarize experiments carried out from 1997 to 2010 and the applications of the collected data to bridge monitoring and overload screening. In addition, they analyze the influence of the bridge type and the weighting system's algorithm. The importance of sensor location in obtaining accurate results is highlighted, as are the challenges for bridge monitoring and maintenance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Oct 2013 10:07:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1265588</guid>
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      <title>EUROPEAN TEST OF WEIGH-IN-MOTION SYSTEMS: 'CONTINENTAL MOTORWAY TEST (CMT)' ON THE A31 MOTORWAY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/512381</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The 'Continental Motorway Test' (CMT) is a substantial part of the European Test Programme of weigh-motion (WIM) systems organised by the COST 323 action. Conducted on the slow lane of a busy motorway in the Northeast of France, over a period of about 18 months, the test involves six WIM systems from four European manufacturers. Five of the systems use piezo-ceramic bars and the sixth a capacitive mat. The objective is to determine their reliability and accuracy, according to the European specification for WIM (COST 323). Results obtained after 10 months are presented, including up to four hundred lorries, weighed both statically and by each of the systems.  For the covering abstract see IRRD E102667.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 07 Dec 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/512381</guid>
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      <title>THE USE OF INSTRUMENTED ORTHOTROPIC BRIDGES FOR DETERMINING VEHICLE WEIGHTS/DIMENSIONS/PARAMETERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/499386</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes the ongoing project in which an orthotropic bridge deck is instrumented and the results analysed in order to determine the suitability of such bridges for determining vehicle weights and dimensions.  Two orthotropic bridge decks (Pont de Normandie and Autreville) in France have been instrumented, and several experiments, with trucks from normal traffic flow and test trucks, have been conducted.  A finite element model (FEM) of the bridge is developed and the results from this model and the experiments are evaluated using a modified procedure of an existing bridge weigh-in-motion (WIM) algorithm.  Finally, a new algorithm for determining vehicle weights and dimensions is developed which provides information not normally calculated with existing bridge WIM systems. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see IRRD 895232.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Apr 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/499386</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC FALLOUT OF THE WEIGH-IN-MOTION PROJECT (1989- 93)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/426864</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The "Weigh-In-Motion" (WIM) national project, led by the LCPC from 1989 to 1993, brought together a dozen partners - government agencies, motorway companies, and manufacturers. Organized around five major objectives, it brought together the leading French participants and research and development resources for 5 years, and contributed to progress in technique and equipment. The basic results are recalled, and an evaluation of their economic fallout for the various participants is outlined. It appears that the resources invested in this project generated business and savings that were much larger. (A)  For the covering abstract see IRRD 871202.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/426864</guid>
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      <title>RESULTS OF WEIGH-IN-MOTION PROJECT IN FRANCE: 1989-1992</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/385071</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A national research and development project began in France in early 1989 on weigh-in-motion (WIM) techniques and devices, under the leadership of the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussees.  The objectives, organization, and main results of this project are presented; a new generation of WIM station recently developed by Electronique Controle Mesures within this project is described in detail; the application of WIM by a major French motorway company (Cofiroute) is explained; and some new concepts for the acceptance of WIM stations are discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 18 Feb 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/385071</guid>
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      <title>NATIONAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT ON WIM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/376587</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A research and development project began in France, early 1989, on the Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) techniques and devices, under the leadership of the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussees (LCPC).  This paper briefly presents the objectives, organisation and results of this project.  The project is involved in the following areas: a) the development of a new WIM station, "HESTIA".  This is a modular device with a main card driving the data acquisition and processing and one additional card per traffic lane.  Each traffic lane contains 2 sensors which measure the axle loads independently.  In this configuration 8 traffic lanes can be measured simultaneously; b) research into the mounting, signal processing, and calibration of the piezo- electric sensor; c) multisensor WIM systems; d) new types of WIM sensors; and e) customer requirements and project evaluation.  For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 852196.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jul 1993 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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