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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>ENERGY RELEASE IN FIBER-REINFORCED PLASTIC REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/689040</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A set of 30 concrete beams reinforced with carbon/epoxy FRP (fiber-reinforced plastic) and 4 reinforced with comparable size steel rebars were subjected to static bending tests. Adequate bond between the FRP and the concrete was obtained, due to the use of carbon fiber overwrap on the smooth pultruded FRP rods. With adequate bond, the large strain to failure (>2%) of the FRP determines the ductility and failure mode of the FRP reinforced beams. An analytical evaluation of the fracture energy in these experiments shows there is ductility due to the large fraction of the total strain energy that is absorbed in the concrete, because of the formation of distributed cracking. Variations in overwrap configuration, addition of steel stirrups, addition of polypropylene fibers, and comparison with 4 beams reinforced with equivalent steel reinforcement were also analyzed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/689040</guid>
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      <title>STATIC FLEXURAL PERFORMANCE OF GFRP-POLYMER CONCRETE HYBRID BEAMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/710449</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper reports on research conducted on hybrid beams, where glass fiber reinforced polymer pultruded profiles are assembled, in an innovative way, with a layer of polymer concrete. The various beams were designed considering a pultrusion profile that will work in tension, and a polymer concrete filling that will work mainly in compression, in order to take benefit from the best mechanical properties of both materials. A model implemented in a finite element code was developed in order to predict the experimental results. Several beams, with 4 different hybrid designs, were tested in 4-point bending and the flexural behavior of such structures was studied. The results obtained show the synergic effect of the joining of these 2 classes of materials.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 02 Apr 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/710449</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>FINITE-ELEMENT AND SIMPLIFIED MODELS OF GFRP CONNECTIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/504620</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Finite-element models of a variety of joints between glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) pultruded members are described that reproduce experimentally measured linear elastic stiffnesses to within 10%.  The models were constructed using shell finite elements.  The material properties of the pultrusions were measured using a combination of tests and fits to numerical models.  This approach produced elastic constants that proved reliable in the subsequent finite-element modeling of the joints. Standard data provided by the manufacturer gave inaccurate predictions of the joint stiffnesses.  Two types of simplified models were also considered:  simplified beam models and a condensed finite-element model.  The simplified beam models replace the joint with an elastic connection region and a torsional spring.  The condensed finite-element models use a detailed shell element model of the joint to extract the equivalent stiffnesses of the joint that can be used with a standard frame analysis package.  When compared with experimental data, the simplified beam models performed poorly.  However, the condensed finite-element models performed almost as well as the detailed finite models.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 09 Jul 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/504620</guid>
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      <title>FEASIBILITY STUDY OF THE APPLICATION OF FRP TO PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/500226</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The authors conducted three-point bending tests of pultruded FRP to study the use of glass fiber reinforced plastic as principal structural member material and the feasibility of constructing bridges using such members in conjunction with CFRP cables.  The results of these tests indicate that its strength is slightly below and its elastic modulus only a fraction of that of ordinary structural steel.  Based on these results, the authors selected a cable-stayed bridge and a cable-stayed trough (U-shape) bridge as bridge structures suited for pedestrian bridges constructed with FRP material.  This study recommends that the strength and elastic modulus of FRP should be improved, its safety enhanced, and its durability and other long-term properties clarified.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 25 Apr 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/500226</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PROPERTIES OF PULTRUDED FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC STRUCTURAL MEMBERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/308507</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) beam sections, produced by the pultrusion process for load-bearing structural engineering applications, are manufactured by a number of U.S. companies.  For design purposes both stiffness and strength properties of these structural members are required.  The shear stiffness of pultruded FRP beams is considered in this paper.  A new material/structural stiffness property, called the beam section shear modulus, is proposed.  Using the beam section shear modulus, a procedure is presented to account for the effects of shear deformation on the response of FRP beams.  Results of an experimental program conducted to obtain the section shear modulus for a variety of commercially produced FRP beams are reported.  Values of the section flexural modulus for FRP beams are also given.  The analysis of a rigid portal frame structure is presented to demonstrate the influence of the beam section stiffness properties on frame deflections and forces.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 30 Jun 1990 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/308507</guid>
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