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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>A Survey and New Perspective of Sensing in the Dark for Intelligent Transportation Systems</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2658737</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Dark or low-luminance environments pose significant challenges for intelligent transportation systems (ITS), potentially affecting perception, decision-making, and safety. In this context, the concept of Vehicular Sensing in the Dark (DarkSensing) is introduced as the use of sensing technologies and algorithms to enable vehicles to perceive, communicate and navigate under dark conditions. It encompasses both individual sensor capabilities and cooperative sensing strategies across all vehicle automation levels. This survey provides the first comprehensive and structured overview of DarkSensing in ITS, focusing on five perception sensor modalities: cameras, LiDAR, RADAR, thermal sensors, and event-based sensors. Specifically, the survey systematically examines the challenges and recent advancements in sensor hardware, perception algorithms, data enhancement methods, and collaborative sensing frameworks. Furthermore, we highlight critical open issues with case studies and outline future research directions. This work establishes the conceptual foundation for DarkSensing and aims to guide researchers and practitioners toward robust ITS performance in dark conditions. Project link: https://github.com/Warwick-Jocelyn/DarkSensing]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 May 2026 17:09:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2658737</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>F1TENTH: Enhancing Autonomous Systems Education Through Hands-On Learning and Competition</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2659119</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Teaching autonomous and intelligent transportation systems in higher education has traditionally focused on theory, often lacking comprehensive coverage of the practical techniques required for real-world applications. To overcome this, we developed a new university course centered around hands-on learning with a modular autonomous small-scale vehicle platform called F1TENTH. This paper presents a detailed overview of the new course design, its underlying philosophy, the individual teaching modules, and the modular hardware/software of the F1TENTH platform. This new course was then evaluated with a survey conducted at five universities that have adopted the teaching modules for their semester-long undergraduate and graduate courses. The results show that approximately 80% of all involved students strongly agree that the hardware platform and modules significantly increased their motivation to learn. More than 70% of the students agreed that the hardware enhanced their understanding of the material The findings demonstrate that our course setup and the F1TENTH hardware effectively combine theoretical knowledge with practical application, greatly enhancing the educational outcomes and the students' computational thinking skills. Future research is needed to explore the long-term impact of hands-on learning on students' career development in intelligent autonomous systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Apr 2026 09:10:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2659119</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Multimodality in the Swiss new normal: data collection methods and response behavior in a multi-stage survey with linked stated preference designs</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2635270</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Swiss New Normal is defined by a substantial increase in telework adoption following the COVID-19 pandemic. Although telework has been extensively studied in the transport literature since the start of the ICT revolution, previous findings may not be applicable to the current context due to evolving economic conditions, personal preferences, and employer perspectives. The net benefits of telework for energy consumption and its climate impact remain ambiguous, as the potential higher-order effects that might offset energy savings from reduced commuting are still under debate. Our survey is designed to model the options, adoption, and frequency of telework. We conducted two stated preference experiments: The first examines preferences for various hybrid work arrangements and the influence of work policies on telework adoption, while the second explores the relationship between telework frequency and mobility tool ownership, a previously neglected higher-order effect. This paper focuses on data collection methods, analyzes response behavior, and provides a descriptive overview of the telework landscape in Switzerland. Our data suggests that the pandemic has increased the telework share in Switzerland by 15 percentage points. Of the population, 60% hold teleworkable jobs, and 91.33% of these individuals wish to utilize telework. However, a gap of 20 percentage points exists between those who can work from home and those who actually do. Additionally, about one-quarter of teleworkers desire to telework more frequently but are restricted from doing so. Telework patterns also vary throughout the week, with Fridays being the most popular day for working from home, suggesting significant variations in transport network loads. We found no evidence that telework negatively impacts emissions through a shift from public transport (PT) subscriptions to car ownership. Teleworkers tend to cancel PT subscriptions and purchase half-fare cards, but this behavior occurs only at high telework frequencies (4+ days per week). Nonetheless, this shift could have second-order effects at the trip level: households with cars and no PT subscriptions may prefer car travel over other modes of transport.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Apr 2026 11:20:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2635270</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Price elasticity of rail freight services: The case of Poland</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2636367</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper examines the price elasticity of demand for rail freight in Poland and its implications for infrastructure pricing. The authors address a gap in Eastern European rail transport literature by estimating how Polish shippers respond to changes in rail freight prices under a liberalized market regime. The analysis is based on a 2022 CATI survey of 657 firms (rail users and non-users). It employs quantitative methods: point and arc elasticity calculations, log-log regression models, and ANOVA tests of group differences. The authors find that the overall average price elasticity is about –0.85 (standard deviation ≈ 0.17), indicating that a 1% increase in rail freight price leads to roughly a 0.85% decline in quantity demanded. Elasticity varies markedly by firm characteristics and shipment type. Large rail-using firms are the most price-sensitive, while firms captive to rail (due to technical requirements) show near-zero elasticity. Bulk commodity shipments (solid/liquid) exhibit high elasticity (≈–0.98) unless the transport mode is technologically constrained, whereas containerized freight shows much lower elasticity (≈–0.40), likely due to integrated logistics networks. Industries such as energy and Mining display the lowest elasticities, while sectors like agriculture, trade, and general manufacturing are most elastic. These results suggest that significant increases in track access fees would induce modal shifts to trucking (raising external costs). The paper contributes new empirical evidence for a Central European market and informs policy on infrastructure pricing. The findings align with broader European studies of freight demand elasticity and echo conclusions from recent publications on cost–demand relationships in transport.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 11:43:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2636367</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Extracting socio-psychological perceptions for analysis of travel behaviours</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2636362</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article proposes an evidence-based policy recommendation framework integrating social media data and natural language processing methods, to support inclusive and efficient transport policy-making. Given that current research underscores the crucial role of both external and psychological variables in individual travel decisions, psychological features – such as beliefs, attitudes or values – are frequently used as latent variables for travel behaviour interpretation and travel choice modelling. However, user-centric policy recommendations based on dynamic psychological variables are still limited. Most studies rely on survey data, which neglects the urgent dynamic trend of user perception change and its underlying relationship with travel behaviour. Hence there is a lack of illustration on how these psychological variables can be further used at specific temporal and spatial levels for travel behaviour interpretation. This would be valuable to identify priorities for more targeted (sustainability and other) policies and interventions. In this article, we utilize sentiment analysis and dynamic topic modelling to represent the spatial–temporal variance of psychological features. Integrating with corresponding travel behaviour, we illustrate how these dynamic psychological features can distinguish travel dissonance, identify key motivations, and reflect urgent social demands at precise spatial–temporal levels. We demonstrate these advances in a case study in New York City from 2019 to 2022 using Twitter (X) data. A comparison with existing travel-related policies in the case study validates the feasibility of our framework to support evidence-based policy recommendations. We conclude by discussing the potential of this framework to support sustainable transport promotion.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Feb 2026 16:38:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2636362</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Care-in-motion: Rethinking walking, health and the planning of urban environments for new parents</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2652757</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Urban environments create possibilities and constraints for care, yet many cities have not been designed ‘care-fully’. As ‘super’ carers, parents rely on environments that support everyday caregiving, but their needs remain largely overlooked in urban research. During the transformative and vulnerable time of early parenthood, walking becomes a key mode of care-in-motion: an embodied, affective, and relational mobility practice that reshapes how parents engage with urban space. By exploring walking through this lens, the authors contribute to debates on how cities can better support everyday geographies of care. Larger-scale empirical research on walking as a reciprocal practice of care for new parents remains limited. This study addresses that gap using a national mixed-methods online survey of parents with young children in Aotearoa New Zealand. The authors present new parents' walking practices as a local, responsive, and relational form of care-in-motion—shaped by emotional, spatial, and socio-material conditions. Across two overarching themes the authors explore how (1) local walking acts as an emergent holistic health practice; and (2) how walking acts as a form of local care mobility for new parents. The authors expand existing notions of care infrastructures to include mundane micro-structures that interact in walking with young children, such as shaded footpaths, safe crossings, and engaging routes. This study offers empirical support for more inclusive, relational approaches to mobility justice, and proposes a parent-centered urbanism that values care-in-motion. In doing so, it reframes walkability as a mobility practice through which care, health, and connection are co-produced.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 04 Feb 2026 17:05:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2652757</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Gender differences in commuting patterns: a study of FEUP students' travel behaviour in selected academic years</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2604850</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Gender equity in transport systems has become a central concern in urban mobility research, particularly as societal roles evolve and new mobility paradigms emerge. University students, as both representatives of current socio-cultural dynamics and precursors of future behavioural trends, offer a unique lens through which to examine changing mobility patterns. This study presents a longitudinal analysis of gender differences in commuting behaviours among students at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP), located in the Greater Porto area of Portugal. This Faculty is an important traffic generator. The study uses personal survey data and spatial analysis from the 2006, 2012, 2017 and 2023 academic years. It employs a mixed-methods approach to examine the influence of gender equity on travel behaviour and housing choices and its evolution over time. The results explain tendencies and multifactorial gender differences in the choice of transport mode to reach the University. The researchers observed differences in transport mode preference between women and men. These findings suggest that urban planners, practitioners, policy and decision-makers should join efforts towards developing gender-sensitive strategies and integrated transport policy packages in university settings to reduce gender inequities in sustainable mobility. Promoting equitable and sustainable transport options is essential to addressing mobility-related gender disparities and fostering inclusive access to higher education.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Dec 2025 16:07:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2604850</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ship path planning methods: A state-of-the-art survey</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2595113</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The rapid increase in the number and size of commercial ships has led to growing congestion in marine transportation, significantly heightening the risk of ship collisions that pose serious risks to crew lives, environmental and property damage. As a result, ship collision avoidance has been a critical research focus, leading to the development of diverse path planning algorithms. This study presents a systematic review of ship path planning research from 2015 to 2024, aiming to classify the state-of-the-art algorithms, explore their core methodologies, and evaluate their applicability across various maritime scenarios. This review covers five primary categories of ship path planning algorithms. These approaches encompass numerical, graph-based, sampling-based, AI-driven, and hybrid methods. The analysis reveals that AI-driven and hybrid approaches have gained significant momentum in recent years, reflecting a paradigm shift toward more intelligent and flexible path planning systems, with growing attention to real-world applicability and regulatory compliance. This review not only maps the evolution of ship path planning techniques but also identifies promising directions to guide future research and innovation of ship path planning, which makes new and significant contributions to maritime transport evolution from pure manned vessels to the mixed traffic of manned and autonomous ships.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 24 Sep 2025 15:31:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2595113</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Fatigue damage in Swedish steel bridges : overview, analysis and repair strategies</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2598662</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Fatigue damage is one of the leading causes of deterioration in steel road and railway bridges. It is an important consideration during the design of new bridges, as well as in the assessment and inspection of existing structures. Consequently, it is important to identify fatigue-prone details and to understand both the development and underlying causes of the damage. The aim of this report is to improve the understanding of fatigue damage in steel bridges, to investigate the most appropriate methods for fatigue evaluation for certain damages, and give recommendations for the most appropriate repair and retrofitting strategies. The aim is reached by going through the Swedish bridge stock, identifying bridges affected by fatigue, and analysing the causes of damage using various fatigue assessment methods. Most cases of fatigue damage observed in the Swedish bridge stock are related to unforeseen or overlooked structural behaviour. However, poor execution of welded structural details also frequently contributes to the damage. In many instances, the Nominal Stress Method proved unsuitable, significantly overestimating the fatigue life. In contrast, local approaches, such as the Structural Hot-Spot Stress Method, the Effective Notch Stress Method, and a method based on Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics, were usually able to provide accurate predictions of the fatigue life.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Sep 2025 10:19:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2598662</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analysis of bike-friendly services for sustainable and resilient tourism: the case of Apulia region</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2571390</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Nowadays, experiential tourism, active tourism, sports tourism, and slow tourism have witnessed a remarkable surge in popularity, attracting a significant segment of travellers seeking unique and immersive experiences. These forms of tourism encompass activities that align with the principles of sustainability: the economic dimension, since it is an activity able to generate revenues for the administrations; the environmental one, being an ecological activity, fostering respect for nature and all living beings; the social one, since new paths provides both new transport infrastructure and possibility for recreation also for the local population. Cycling tourism is the main segment of this phenomenon, leading decision-makers to foster the financing and building of new recreational cycle paths at local and national levels. To ensure the success of cycling tourism initiatives, the approval and involvement of the public and citizens are crucial. Traditional decision-making methods may not fully capture the perspectives and preferences of these key stakeholders, necessitating the adoption of participatory procedures for evaluation. By employing participatory approaches, decision-makers can incorporate a wide range of voices, resulting in more informed and inclusive decision-making processes. Based on this premise, this study aims to develop a comprehensive framework for evaluating the implementation of cycling tourism services; CAWI (Computer Assisted Web Interviewing) is employed to gather insights from city administrators who play a pivotal role in the planning and implementation of cycling infrastructure and services. The Apulia region in Italy is selected as a case study due to its unique geographic characteristics, including a predominantly flat terrain with limited hills and its abundance of naturalistic attractions. Moreover, Apulia has recently launched the "Puglia Bike Destination strategy" a strategic plan designed to enhance cycling tourism throughout the region. A survey was conducted across all municipalities, local authorities, and trade associations in Apulia to comprehensively assess the existing cycling infrastructure, facilities, and equipment. The survey was designed to explore the willingness of stakeholders to implement new cycling services, particularly bike-sharing, as well as to gather insights into the challenges, opportunities, and specific requirements associated with such initiatives. The results will shed light on the existing infrastructure gaps, potential benefits, and challenges identified by the stakeholders, providing a comprehensive overview of the region’s readiness and interest in promoting cycling tourism.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 02 Sep 2025 08:45:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2571390</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Transport Infrastructure and Policy Evaluation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2582984</link>
      <description><![CDATA[How beneficial are transport infrastructure investments and other transport policies? This chapter develops a framework whose goal is to survey and synthesize the answers that regional and urban economists have given to this question. Emphasis is placed on theoretical results about sufficient statistics that capture approximate impacts in both distorted and undistorted economies, as well as how new advances in data collection and causal inference are poised to leverage these theoretical results and thereby modernize and extend standard templates for infrastructure and policy evaluation. The chapter concludes with discussions of optimal policy, political economy, and practical matters of infrastructure provision.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 22 Aug 2025 17:23:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2582984</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Why do passengers use pooled-rides services? Social effects and implications for policy making</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2564172</link>
      <description><![CDATA[App-based pooled–ride services transform how passengers plan and execute their trips. Even though there is extensive research on the travel behavior and user characteristics of some shared-mobility services, such as ride-hailing, bike-sharing, and scooter-sharing, the user characteristics of pooled-rides platforms have not received as much attention. This paper thoroughly analyzes the travel behavior effects and user characteristics of a new pooled–ride service, the Jetty platform in Mexico, based on a large-scale user survey (N = 2484). The service provides pooled–rides in different-sized vehicles, such as cars, vans, and buses. The authors characterize the top reasons to choose the pooled–rides service and the activities performed by users while traveling, using Logit and Hybrid choice models, and they perform sentiment analysis to extract patterns from the users’ open opinions about the service. The findings confirm common shared-mobility user attributes while identifying characteristics unique to pooled rides. First, women are more likely to use pooled–rides, as they find a greater sense of security in this shared-mobility platform. Second, pooled–ride services replace complex multi-modal trips, increasing users’ convenience and job accessibility by reducing door-to-door travel time. Third, regarding the use of time while traveling, passengers more commonly use their smartphones or try to sleep while traveling, a finding possibly related to the increased comfort and security perceived in Jetty vehicles relative to the usual public transport alternatives in the city. Regarding research methods, choice modeling, and sentiment analysis are complementary tools to uncover different dimensions of travel behavior effects and quality attributes of a new shared mobility mode. From a policy perspective, the authors conclude that the analyzed pooled-rides platform is a step towards improving the quality of service for people who do not want (or cannot) travel by car and that having a more inclusive pooled-rides service requires the provision of subsidies to low-income travelers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 15 Jul 2025 09:47:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2564172</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analyzing predictive factors influencing helmet-wearing behavior among E-bike riders</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2564235</link>
      <description><![CDATA[E-bikes revolutionize urban transport by offering an affordable and cost-effective alternative. However, poor helmet-wearing habits pose significant safety concerns, requiring effective interventions to mitigate head injuries and fatalities. This study investigated key factors predicting helmet-wearing behavior among e-bike riders in Guangdong Province, China, based on data from 14,762 survey valid responses. Logistic regression and three machine learning models: Random Forest (RF), XGBoost, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) were applied to predict helmet use and identify associated risk factors, with the RF model demonstrating superior predictive performance, achieving 91 % accuracy and 97 % Area Under the Curve (AUC). Using SHAP analysis, the study interpreted the influence of each factor based on the RF model revealing gender, riding experience, age group, average monthly income, policy management, and safety activity effectiveness as significant predictors of helmet-wearing behavior. For instance, SHAP waterfall plots for the first dataset showed that being male and receiving safety education through new media (e.g., WeChat, Weibo) raised the likelihood of non-helmet use by +0.03 and + 0.01, respectively. SHAP dependence plots further uncovered complex non-linear correlations, highlighting those males, inexperienced riders, and younger riders (under 18, 18–25, and 26–35) were less likely to wear helmets. Heatmap analysis indicated that diverse safety education methods combined with enriched content were strongly associated with increased helmet-wearing. Findings suggest that targeted safety campaigns, improved policy management, and stricter enforcement, supported by regular monitoring and evaluation, are essential to reduce non-helmet use and improve e-bike rider safety. Future research should use longitudinal studies and e-bike crash data to assess how safety education and policy interventions affect helmet-wearing patterns, crash rates, and injury severity over time.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Jun 2025 16:12:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2564235</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Data quality analysis of interregional travel demand: Extracting travel patterns using matrix decomposition</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2548323</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Interregional Travel Survey in Japan (formerly the Net Passenger Transportation Survey [NPTS]) still has some limitations. New data sources have recently emerged, e.g., massive data from web-based surveys (WEB) or collecting passive mobile phone data (MOBI). Using or not using these data sources have been questioned for data integration or model estimation and validation. Therefore, as an initial step, the data quality of new data sources was evaluated to identify the potential for data integration with NPTS or new data collection methods to replace NPTS. This study focused on finding out the similarities in travel patterns extracted from these data sources using a nonnegative matrix factorization method. This study found that origin–destination pairs in the MOBI travel patterns were significantly different from those of NPTS and WEB, while there were some similarities between NPTS and WEB. However, some issues have been remaining and should be resolved in the future.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 May 2025 09:20:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2548323</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Driving a Safer Future: Exploring Cross-Country Perspectives in Automated Vehicle Adoption by Considering Cyber Risks, Liability, and Data Concerns</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2512429</link>
      <description><![CDATA[There is a significant lack of comprehensive research that systematically examines public perceptions of liability (related to cyber risks), consumer data, and how these factors influence the adoption of automated vehicles (AVs). To fill this knowledge gap, the authors' research used a survey of 2062 adults across Australia, New Zealand, the UK, and the US to develop a scale for Liability, Data concerns, Data sharing and Patching and updates. This analytical approach employed various statistical methods to analyze the data (summarizing, finding patterns, measuring relationships). The results indicate that 70% of respondents express concerns about AV liability based on cyber risks, highlighting a significant level of liability anxiety. Individuals with high liability concerns also exhibit heightened concerns about AV data, are less comfortable sharing AV data, and display lower intent to adopt AVs. Conversely, individuals comfortable with data sharing are more willing to engage in patching and express a greater intent to adopt AVs. Interestingly, individuals with AV data concerns do not exhibit a negative correlation with their intent to adopt AVs. Additionally, those willing for patches also show a stronger intent to adopt AVs, challenging the notion that software updates hinder AV adoption.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 May 2025 09:33:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2512429</guid>
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