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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Dog Clutch Actuator Control to Mitigate NVH</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2701253</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Dog clutches have long been employed in the automotive industry across various applications, including transmission systems, transfer cases, axle disconnects, and hybrid driveline architectures. Their ability to provide direct mechanical engagement makes it ideal for torque transmission with minimal energy loss. However, the transition between engaged and disengaged states can introduce noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH), which may be perceptible to vehicle occupants and affect overall driving comfort. A typical dog clutch relies on interlocking teeth for torque transfer, and its actuation can result in NVH due to factors such as friction between mating surfaces, backlash between engagement components, teeth-on-teeth contact during synchronization, and impact forces during clutch engagement. This paper presents Stellantis’s approach to controlling the actuator system to mitigate NVH effects during clutch engagement and disengagement, focusing on strategies that enhance drivability and system refinement in electrified vehicle platforms.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2026 09:23:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2701253</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evolution mechanism of the structure and performance of lightweight ultra-high performance concrete materials under traffic vibration</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2666235</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Bridge repair or widening projects typically adopt half-width construction and traffic flow strategies. As a result, fresh concrete is unavoidably exposed to traffic vibrations while it hardens. This research examined how traffic-induced vibrations impact the mechanical properties, mesostructure, and microstructure of lightweight ultra-high performance concrete (LUHPC) during various stages of hardening. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), X-ray diffraction (XRD), back-scattered electron image analysis (BSE-IA), and X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) were employed to systematically analyze the performance of LUHPC and its multiscale structural characteristics under traffic vibration. The results show that during the PI and PF stages, vibration enhances axial compressive strength and elastic modulus, while the opposite effects were observed during the IF stage. The ultrasonic pulse velocity of LUHPC is highly consistent with its compressive strength, with R² values up to 0.95, providing a reliable basis for nondestructive evaluation under traffic vibration. Vibration causes changes in fiber orientation from horizontal to vertical and this change is mainly originated from the rotation of top layer steel fibers. Vibration during the IF stage (four hours) shows the highest efficient in accelerating hydration, increasing hydration degree by 9.08 % within four hours. The increasing number of gel pores in LUHPC could be related to the hydration accelerating effect of traffic vibration. Traffic vibration alters the ITZ structure around LWA, especially during the IF stage. During the IF stage, ITZ porosity in the 0–5 μm range rises by 34.87 % relative to the SC sample. Correlation analysis revealed that the contribution of fiber orientation to compressive/flexural strengths is minor under vibration, ITZ width correlates most strongly with compressive strength (R² = 0.94), and ITZ porosity with flexural strength (R² = 0.90). Traffic vibration accelerates cement hydration during various hardening stages.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 May 2026 08:50:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2666235</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experimental investigation on dynamic characteristics of gravel soil filler for railway subgrade affected by varying initial moisture content</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2667269</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Gravel soil has been extensively applied to railway subgrade engineering, which would potentially be affected by rainfall-earthquake coupling effect during the process of long-term service, and its dynamic characteristics have a notable influence on the safety and stability of railway engineering projects. Test soil was derived from on-site railway subgrade filler, which is classified as poorly-graded gravel soil. To investigate gravel soil coarse-grained filler mechanical properties, this research conducted dynamic properties test, dynamic strength test, and static triaxial shear test for each soil specimen of different unsaturated states in proper sequence. During soil specimen consolidation process, the effective consolidation stress ratio K′c was controlled to remain constant for representing practical stress state of layered filling. The vibration loading applied in test included 12 level axial dynamic cyclic loading with gradually increasing amplitude and 1000 cycles of axial dynamic loading in turn. These research results demonstrate that (i) with vibration loading amplitude increasing, gravel soil specimens experienced this transition from small-strain elastic deformation state to intermediate-strain elastoplastic deformation state during whole experimental process, (ii) gravel soil filler possessed well dynamic characteristics under long-term vibration loading effect, the variation rule of dynamic shear stress amplitude τmax − dynamic shear strain amplitude γmax curve and dynamic axial strain amplitude ε¯a,d − dynamic axial loading amplitude σ¯a,d curve emerged approximate linear, however, damping ratio λ decreased with vibration loading amplitude increasing, (iii) moreover, the maximum values of both dynamic elastic modulus and dynamic shear modulus exhibit a polynomial fitting correlation with effective confining pressure σ′3 and pore water pressure coefficient B, (iv) gravel soil still maintained paradigmatic deformation characteristics of loose sand after the action of long-term vibration loading. Overall, this research has put forward further insights into dynamic response characteristics of gravel soil filler, which would provide basic design parameters and theoretical reference for seismic response analysis of railway subgrade.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 May 2026 08:50:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2667269</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experimental Approach to Ground Vibration Mitigation using Dual Barriers-Filled with Different Materials</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2683204</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Experimental investigations were conducted to examine the vibration screening potential of dual-infilled trenches filled with different materials. The vibrations were induced using a mechanical oscillator in a regulated frequency range varying from 20 to 45 Hz, stepped up in 5 Hz. The data was recorded in the absence and presence of dual trenches using uniaxial accelerometers. Different combinations of materials (stiffer and softer) to the surrounding soil, such as aggregate, sand-crumb rubber, and geofoam, were filled in the dual barriers. The findings indicated that the combination of aggregate (stiffer than the surrounding soil) in the first trench and geofoam (softer than the surrounding soil) in the second trench produced the maximum screening efficiency among the studied combinations. The maximum screening efficiency was noted to be 84%. A reduction of up to 16 decibels in the vibrations was noted in the presence of dual-infilled trenches. The study suggested that dual trenches, incorporating aggregate and geofoam, offered an enhanced performance over traditional barriers in mitigating ground vibrations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Apr 2026 11:27:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2683204</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Water migration in frozen high-speed railway subgrades under traffic vibration: Piston suction versus mud pumping and pot cover effect</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2659685</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Frost heave and thaw settlement in frozen high-speed railway subgrades are governed by coupled water and heat migration in the soil, and may be further intensified by traffic-induced vibration. However, the underlying hydro-mechanical processes in frozen, partially saturated subgrades remain poorly quantified, especially when dynamic loading acts concurrently with freeze–thaw cycles. In this study, a custom one-dimensional freezing apparatus with superimposed cyclic loading was used to investigate water migration in unsaturated frozen soils representative of high-speed railway subgrades. A test matrix of ten soil samples was designed, varying freezing temperature (−5℃ to −20℃), soil compaction (90% vs 95% relative), initial moisture content (10%, 14%, 18%), and soil type (silty clay versus gravelly fill). Real-time measurements of temperature, unfrozen water content, water replenishment, and pore water pressure were obtained throughout the experiments. Substantial upward water migration into the freezing zone was observed in all tests. Lower freezing temperatures markedly increased both the volume and rate of water replenishment, whereas compaction (within 90–95%) had little influence. Soil type and layering controlled the magnitude and timing of upward flux: silty clay induced greater and faster water uptake than Group B fill, and layered profiles showed distinct stagewise behavior. Notably, a vibration-induced piston suction mechanism was identified: cyclic vehicular loading acting on a frozen, low-permeability upper layer generated excess pore water pressure in the underlying unfrozen zone, establishing a sustained hydraulic gradient that pumped unfrozen water toward the freezing front. This mechanism is different from mud pumping and pot cover effects. A unified conceptual framework is proposed that links matric suction, cryogenic suction, and vibration-induced piston suction, delineates their respective domains of dominance, and provides physically based guidance for modeling water migration in frozen high-speed railway subgrades and related cold region porous media.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Apr 2026 09:10:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2659685</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Indirect identification of ballast bed lateral resistance and automatic adjustment of operation parameters during dynamic stabilization based on Convolutional Neural Networks</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2657054</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In order to make dynamic stabilization operations more automated and intelligent, the primary task is to develop methods for in-track identification and evaluation of track stability during stabilization operations. Furthermore, automatic adjustment methods for operation parameters are needed. This study first constructed a Multi-Body Dynamics (MBD) model of the stabilizer-ballast bed system. The effectiveness of the simulation model was verified using indoor test results. The dynamic responses under various initial ballast conditions and operating parameters were calculated using this model, forming a database of correlated samples between dynamic stabilization parameters, track mechanical parameters, and track vibration responses. Next, a surrogate model based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) was proposed. This model identifies the lateral resistance of the ballast bed using the short-term vibration responses of sleepers and dynamic stabilization parameters, achieving an average error of only 5.27%. Finally, to meet the application demand for automatically adjusting operation parameters to improve stabilization efficiency, a targeted surrogate model was trained. A case was provided to demonstrate the reliability of this method. Through this case study, the error between the lateral resistance obtained by adjusting the operating parameters using the optimization algorithm and the target adjustment value is only 9.25%.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Apr 2026 09:10:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2657054</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of an eco-friendly vibration isolator using slag and SiC-reinforced natural rubber composite for automotive application: An approach towards circular economy</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2654756</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Considering the growing concerns about waste utilization and sustainability, this study represents the fabrication of an industrial waste-based composite and its application as an anti-vibration mount. Natural rubber, a naturally derived polymer, and slag, a by-product of smelting, and silicon carbide (SiC) were utilized as matrix and primary fillers, respectively, to partially substitute the conventional semi-reinforcing black (N770) in the composite. A thorough characterization of waste-induced composites was implemented to evaluate the dynamic response of the composite over a frequency range. The composite(C3) with equal loading of N770 and slag has an application frequency range of 140 Hz with a broader isolation zone and lower transmissibility than the solely N770 reinforced composite(C1). The extent of dynamic recovery and mechanical damping for C3 were 80.5 % and 17 %, respectively, which is also higher than C1. The long-term durability of the waste-induced composite used in the NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) mount was evaluated by thermo-oxidative aging study as per guidelines. The average retention of properties was greater than 95 %. C3, as a hybrid composite, also provides synergistic dynamic stiffness, equivalent to C1. Moreover, the incorporation of slag promoted homogeneity in the composite, resulting in a lower Payne effect and better filler dispersion. The subsequent addition of SiC enhanced the thermal conductivity (1.3-fold) and dynamic recovery (>92 %). The complete substitution of carbon black provided a lower critical frequency of 117.5 Hz with a broader isolation zone than C1, although damping was reduced at the amplification.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Apr 2026 11:20:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2654756</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Hybrid fluid structure interaction-equivalent source method for vibro-acoustic of underwater vehicle</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2638164</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A hybrid FSI-ESM (Fluid Structure Interaction-Equivalent Source Method) is proposed for solving the radiated noise of underwater vehicle structures. Based on the kinematic boundary conditions and force equilibrium boundary conditions at the structure-fluid coupling interface, the structure-fluid coupling equation of underwater vehicle structures in heavy fluid is established to solve the vibration response. Based on the free-field Green's function and the equivalent source integral equation, the equivalent source analysis model is constructed through the conformal contraction of the structural surface. The source strength of the equivalent source points is solved by reverse inference using the vibration velocity of the structural surface. Then, the radiated noise of the underwater vehicle structure is analyzed based on the equivalent source points. The FSI-ESM method uses the equivalent source formed by the structural surface to calculate radiation noise, which can avoid the singular integral problem similar to the boundary integral equation, and at the same time achieve the reduced-order modeling capability of radiation noise of complex coupled structures. The convergence and effectiveness of the hybrid FSI-ESM proposed in this study is verified by comparing the analytical solutions and the numerical results of FEM-BEM. The parametric analysis of spherical shell structure under different thickness-diameter ratios and material properties is carried out. The underwater acoustic radiation characteristics of suboff structure under the excitation of typical mechanical equipment are explored, which provides method support for the analysis of vibro-acoustic radiation characteristics of underwater structure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2026 15:01:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2638164</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experimental study on dynamic characteristics of marine soft soil foundations under minute-level intermittent loads from subway trains</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2695398</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Marine soft soil foundations are widely distributed in coastal urban areas, where subway systems are increasingly being constructed. During subway operation, soft soil foundations are subjected to alternating vibration and intermittent loading, while the mechanical behavior during intermittent periods is often neglected in existing studies. This study investigated marine soft soils in the construction area of Shenzhen Metro Line 27 through a series of undrained cyclic triaxial tests conducted under K0 consolidation conditions (σ3c′ = 100 kPa). The loading frequency was set to 1 Hz with a cyclic stress ratio of 0.2. Minute-scale vibration–rest cycles with different numbers of loading cycles and intermittent durations were considered. The evolution of pore pressure, deformation behavior, and stiffness softening characteristics was analyzed and compared with those under continuous cyclic loading. Specifically, a 10-min intermittent interval reduced the cumulative plastic strain by approximately 20% relative to continuous loading. The results indicate that intermittent loading significantly influences the dynamic response of marine soft soil. Minute-scale rest periods promote pore pressure redistribution and thixotropic structural recovery of the soil skeleton under undrained conditions. This implies that the internal stress adjustment, rather than external drainage, governs the stiffness recovery. The findings provide experimental support for the evaluation of long-term settlement and the dynamic design of subway foundations in coastal marine soft soil areas.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2026 15:01:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2695398</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effectiveness and Improvement of Spectral Method for Fatigue Assessment Considering Elastic Vibration Response</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2675527</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In recent years, the increasing size of container ships has led to more frequent occurrences of elastic vibrations such as whipping and springing, which superimpose on wave responses and reduce fatigue life. Therefore, the importance of fatigue assessment considering elastic vibration is increasing. In this study, fatigue assessment using several spectral methods was conducted on stress measurement data from two large container ships, and the effectiveness of each method was examined. The spectral methods employed included the narrow-band method, the Jiao method for bimodal processes, and the DK method for wide-band processes. Their results were compared with those from the rainflow counting method. The results showed that the narrow-band method and the Jiao method tended to evaluate fatigue damage on the conservative side, while the DK method tended to yield less conservative (riskier) evaluations. The narrow-band method did not accurately reflect actual phenomena, as it deviates from actual rainflow counting. On the other hand, the DK method was found to be a good model that captures the real physical behavior. Therefore, a correction factor was introduced to the probability density function of the DK method to extend the distribution toward the higher stress range. By using the ratio of zeroth moment of the wave component and zeroth moment of the elastic vibration component, conditions likely to cause significant whipping were identified, and a formula for determining the correction factor based on this value was proposed. This approach enabled more accurate estimation of fatigue damage.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2026 14:55:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2675527</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Health-Aware Edge Computing for Durable Autonomous Transportation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2696026</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Across global markets, transportation systems are rapidly evolving toward automation, pervasive sensing, and intelligent decision-making capabilities. These advancements are often designed primarily around traditional metrics, such as safety, throughput, and cost. Modern autonomous and semi-autonomous systems introduce new types of human exposures (e.g., fatigues, cognitive stress, motion discomfort) and new system constraints (e.g., battery degradation, vibration-induced wear, thermal loads). If left unmanaged, these exposures degrade long-term system performance, reduce user trust and adoption, and impose hidden lifecycle and health costs. This project proposes a new research paradigm for Health-Aware and Durable Transportation Systems, enabling through advanced technologies in autonomous driving, edge computing, and optimized machine learning. We envision that transportation systems can be engineered to actively sense, model, and mitigate human and mechanical exposures, turning transportation into a joint human-machine health ecosystem. The research objectives include: 1) develop joint occupant/vehicle exposure models that quantify health and mechanical burdens, 2) enable adaptive autonomy strategies that mitigate cognitive stress, fatigue, and mechanical wear, and 3) build edge computing framework for efficient inference and control.  ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 17:32:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2696026</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Research on energy recovery of vortex induced vibration in suspension shock absorbers and design of piezoelectric energy harvesters</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691739</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study presents a piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) integrated behind the suspension dampers of smart vehicles, employing vortex-induced vibration (VIV) to harvest wind energy for microsystem power supply. Through systematic investigation of spring-induced windbreak effects, we quantitatively analyzed the correlation between spring compression levels and vortex generation dynamics using suspension travel characteristic tests and confined flow field simulations. Building upon these findings, we developed an equivalent variable cross-section cylinder model to simplify the suspension mechanism. Comprehensive finite element simulations were conducted to elucidate the vortex shedding characteristics and formation mechanisms in the wake of variable-geometry cylindrical structures within bounded flow fields. To enhance energy conversion efficiency, we implemented electrode coverage optimization and impedance matching strategies, effectively reducing piezoelectric losses. These optimizations were systematically validated through multiphysics simulations (COMSOL), bench excitation tests, and hydrodynamic experiments. The PEH’s operational efficacy was further demonstrated through constrained wind tunnel testing and on-road vehicle trials, achieving respective output voltages of 73 and 81 mV under distinct airflow conditions: one featuring lateral wind with turbulence interference, and another under controlled laminar flow conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 13:54:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691739</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Steering execution control of steer-by-wire system with backlash compensation and disturbances observation for autonomous vehicle</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691735</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An important function of the steer-by-wire (SBW) system is to follow a desired steering angle accurately. However, it is impossible to avoid transmission backlash in the servo system, which will aggravate the mechanical vibration and cause delays and fluctuations in control system responses. A composite controller for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) servo system is proposed in this paper to solve the adverse effects resulting from backlash of the SBW system. To mitigate the effects of backlash nonlinearity, the dead-zone backlash model is identified utilizing the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, and its influence is compensated in the controller. Additionally, to address the model declination and unpredictable disturbances, a nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode controller (NFTSMC) combined with a super-twisting extended state observer (STESO) is designed. In simulation experiments, a SBW control system model is built to evaluate the performance of the disturbance observer and the angle following controller. In hardware-in-loop (HIL) experiments, the angle tracking control capability of the novel method is further evaluated under the double lane change condition. Finally, the results of simulation and HIL experiments are offered to validate the excellence of the novel method.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 13:54:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691735</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Semi-active actuator-based hybrid model predictive control for vehicle tilting</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691731</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Typically, vehicle height adjustment during driving can only be achieved using active actuators. However, our research group has proposed a method that uses adjustable damping semi-active actuators to control the raising and lowering of the isolation system. This method leverages asymmetrical damping to adjust the vehicle’s height and also utilizes the vehicle’s vibration energy during driving. In this study, this approach is employed to control the shifting of the left and right sides of the vehicle, thereby implementing tilt control by inclining the vehicle body toward the turning direction. To optimize control for this posture adjustment, nonlinear factors such as the nonlinear constraints of the damper’s output damping force and the logical control conditions of asymmetric damping adjustment are considered, designing this control system as a hybrid system. The system is described using HYSDEL programing language, forming a Mixed Logic Dynamic (MLD) system, and a control logic is constructed for shifting single wheels through damping switching to achieve tilt control. A full vehicle tilt controller is designed using hybrid model predictive control theory, transforming the switching control problem into a continuous receding horizon optimization control problem, integrating single-wheel height adjustment and full vehicle tilt control, and defining the objective function and nonlinear constraint conditions that need to be met. Both simulation and co-simulation calculations have confirmed the effectiveness of this method, which uses asymmetric damping adjustment to shift the vehicle body and implement full vehicle tilt control, providing a new approach for posture control under specific conditions such as short-term obstacle crossing, high-speed cornering, emergency maneuvers, and rollover prevention.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 13:54:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691731</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Contribution of the wheel action to the horizontal anti-vibration ability of the coupled monopile-wheel composite foundation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2660825</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper, a mechanical model is presented to investigate the horizontal vibration of the pile-wheel composite foundation with coupled arrangement. Firstly, based on Timoshenko beam theory, a series of differential equations of the pipe pile in composite foundation are derived to obtain deﬂections and rotation angles along the pile shaft, where the soil behavior under the action of vibrating pile and wheel is idealized by Winkler's foundation expressions. The input parameters of the dynamic Winkler model, i.e. the springs and dashpots, are determined by the Novak's thin-layer method and the Biot's three-dimensional wave equation. Subsequently, the transfer matrix method is applied to consider the force contact and displacement continuity conditions at different pile segments with the foundation dynamic characteristics in the frequency domain obtained as well. After verifying the correctness and reasonableness of the analytical framework via the comparison with available theoretical solutions and finite element simulations, further parametric analysises are carried out to discuss the contribution of the wheel action to the horizontal anti-vibration ability of this innovative offshore foundation. The numerical study indicates that the horizontal resistance applied on the wheel side is more effective than others actions provided by the wheel.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 09:12:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2660825</guid>
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