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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>INFLUENCE OF NOISE, INFRASOUND AND TEMPERATURE ON DRIVER PERFORMANCE AND WAKEFULNESS. A DRIVING SIMULATOR STUDY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/351505</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The environment within a motor vehicle is believed to affect the driving performance and wakefulness of the driver. Knowledge, about how and to what extent the driver is affected, is however lacking due to the fact that very few realistic studies have been carried out.  The effects on traffic safety, if any, are therefore also unknown.  The objective of the present study was to assess the influence of noise, infrasound and temperature on performance and wakefulness of drivers performing realistic driving tasks in a simulator, where they were exposed to realistic and controlled environmental as well as driving conditions. Forty-eight young, healthy individuals "drove" the VTI driving simulator for about four hours.  They were exposed to different combinations of noise, infrasound and temperature.  Two levels of each of these variables, representing low and high levels measured in real traffic, were used.  The experimental design thus included eight different experimental conditions (combinations) with six drivers exposed to each condition.  As dependent measures of driving performance we used steering precision, speed holding and stimuli-induced reaction time, while EEG, ECG and EOG were recorded for the assessment of wakefulness. Audiometry was carried out, before and after exposure, to observe possible temporary hearing threshold shifts.  The answers from questionnaires given to the subjects indicate their subjective evaluations of sleepiness and impaired performance.  The general interpretation of the test results is that the acoustic and thermal environments which "normally" exist in road vehicles of today influence performance and wakefulness in different ways.  It is not evident that e.g.  the lowest noise level forms the best environment from performance point of view.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 31 Mar 1991 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>PERCEPTION AND REDUCTION IN WAKEFULNESS DURING EXPOSURE TO INFRASOUND</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/201671</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The present paper is a description of some laboratory experiments carried out in order to investigate the perception and changes in wakefulness occurring during exposure to infrasound.  Perception of infrasound is based on both hearing and vibrations in different parts of the body.  Threshold of audibility was found to be approximately 110 db(lin) at 4 hz and 90 db(lin) at 20 hz. Sensations through vibrations were found to occur at about 20 db above the hearing threshold levels.  As far as vibrotactile sensation is concerned no difference was found to exist between deaf and hearing subjects.  Hearing sensations could not be registered in neurosensory deafness.  10 deaf and 10 hearing subjects were exposed 20 minutes at 6 hz, 115 db(lin).  Reduced wakefulness was noticed among hearing subjects but not among the deaf subjects.  According to these results changes in wakefulness during exposure to infrasound are based on hearing.  The threshold of reduction in wakefulness thus follows the levels of hearing threshold.  (Author/TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Apr 1984 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>INFRASOUND IN PASSENGER CARS. A PILOT STUDY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/148477</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The aim of this pilot study was to test and evaluate basic instruments and methods for infrasonic measurements as well as to collect information about the existence of infrasound in passenger cars.  Three different weighting functions with respect to the important frequencies were used when calculating the overall infrasound levels.  Relatively similar overall levels were obtained irrespective of what weighting function was used.  The infrasound level was in the range 101-106 db(il) and vehicle speed 90 km/h, all windows closed.  The corresponding levels were 114-121 db(il) when one side window was half open.  The results imply that the Swedish maximum limit for infrasound exposure in working environment (110 db(il)) is not exceeded in any tested vehicle when driving with closed windows, while the limit is exceeded in all tested vehicles when driving with one side window half open.  If the maximum limit of 110 db(il) should be respected, the high levels of infrasound might have consequences for certain categories of professional drivers during summertime when it is common to have side windows open during high or medium speed driving. Finally, it is concluded that wind speed is influencing infrasound measurements seriously.  (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Apr 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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