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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Gender Imbalance in the Transport Sector – An International Review</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2580064</link>
      <description><![CDATA[According to the International Labour Organization’s latest figures,  women make up just 16.8% of those working in transport globally. This makes it one of the worst-performing industries worldwide- both across the public and private sectors, from boardroom to engine room. Improving gender diversity in the transport sector workforce is essential to achieve its innovation, sustainability and financial goals, while tackling the current, and profound, skills shortage. This paper provides an insight into the challenges and opportunities women face when they choose to work in transport. It is grounded in a review of published literature and primary data collection among a sample of men and women working in the sector. The findings offer an overview of women’s global employment in transport, including all modes and sectors of transport. The study is presented as a toolkit highlighting the challenges women face when entering, working, and progressing in the transport sector, identifying five main areas or entry points where actions and measures could provide the most impact in accelerating gender balance and some 25 case studies. This paper presents the main findings from the study.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2026 15:22:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2580064</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Investigation of the Impact of Policy Awareness, Technical Knowledge, and Environmental Consciousness on EV Adoption: Evidence from Four Indian Cities</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671590</link>
      <description><![CDATA[India has been actively promoting electric vehicles (EVs) as a strategy to decarbonise the road transport sector. Key initiatives, such as purchase subsidies under the FAME scheme and state-level incentives including road tax exemptions, registration fee waivers, and additional purchase subsidies, have been pivotal in driving EV adoption in the country. This study aimed to examine the influence of policy awareness, technical knowledge, and environmental consciousness on EV adoption. The impact of these factors was assessed based on the stated preference of potential vehicle owners in Surat, Kolkata, Pune, and Coimbatore. A random sampling method was used to collect data via interview surveys of 1,555 individuals across these cities. A binary logit model was built to understand the effect of various factors on a buyer’s likelihood of opting for an EV in the next 5 years. Age, gender, education, household monthly income, occupation, vehicle ownership, environmental consciousness, and knowledge of EVs, FAME subsidy, and road tax waiver were independent variables. The results from the model indicate that age, income, employment, and current vehicle ownership significantly influence an individual’s decision to purchase EVs. However, gender and education are insignificant in the decision-making process. Awareness about road tax waiver significantly influences an individual’s choice, whereas awareness about FAME subsidy is insignificant. Further, knowledge about EVs and environmental consciousness positively influences an individual’s likelihood of purchasing EVs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2026 15:01:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671590</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Unraveling the travel patterns of Indonesian airplane passengers in choosing modal use and shifting</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2673310</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study investigates the travel behavior and modal preferences of airplane passengers accessing and exiting Soekarno-Hatta International Airport (CGK) in Jakarta, Indonesia. Using Latent Class Cluster Analysis (LCCA) on survey data from 204 respondents, the research identifies distinct passenger segments based on socio-demographic, economic, and trip characteristics. Three main groups emerge for travel to and from the airport: (1) cost-sensitive leisure travelers favoring shuttle services, (2) multimodal urban commuters who combine airport trains with other public transport options, and (3) affluent professionals who prefer private vehicles or ride-hailing services for their convenience and efficiency. The results indicate that employment status, income, and travel purpose are more strongly associated with observed mode-use patterns than age and gender, and that direct, single-mode trips are preferred over transfer-based alternatives within the surveyed sample. The identified latent classes represent context-specific behavioral patterns observed among passengers surveyed at CGK during the study period. They should not be interpreted as statistically representative segments of the broader air passenger population. The findings provide indicative insights into how different types of airport users navigate availability access and egress options in a large metropolitan airport environment. They may support exploratory discussion of the design and evaluation of integrated, sustainable airport ground access strategies in similar contexts.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Mar 2026 09:00:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2673310</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Regional and Gender-Based Commuting Trends: A Spatial and Behavioural Analysis of Employees’ Use of Sustainable Transport in Italian Metropolitan Areas</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2647782</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Gender differences in commuting behaviour are well-documented but remain underexplored among employees. This study analyses commuting patterns and the willingness to adopt sustainable transportation in Italy using an online questionnaire. In addition to quantitative analysis, a spatial comparison of transport preferences and public transport availability in Rome, Milan, and Bari was conducted using geospatial data. The findings reveal key demographic and behavioural distinctions. Most respondents are male (60%) and aged 41–55 (71%), with full-time employment predominating (85%). Females are more likely to hold part-time jobs and have caregiving responsibilities, as 54.5% report dependents who cannot travel independently. While independence during travel is a priority for 34.1% of respondents, females are more likely to accompany others (12% vs. 8% overall). Private car ownership is widespread (83%), especially among males, whereas females show greater interest in walking and cycling (31%). Younger employees favour alternative transport options, including company-provided bicycles and e-scooters. The spatial analysis provides valuable insights into commuting patterns and sustainable transport adoption. In Milan, public transport is the most accepted alternative to private cars, with 66% of employees willing to use it. However, resistance to active mobility modes such as walking and cycling remains high, partly due to urban infrastructure limitations. Last-mile connectivity issues further hinder PT adoption, emphasizing the need for better transit–workplace integration. In Bari, car use dominates, with only 57% of employees open to PT and even fewer considering active transport. Many employees rely on cars due to the need for intermediate stops, highlighting gaps in PT accessibility and integration. Rome’s PT system, centred around metro lines, supports sustainable mobility, but high car dependency persists even among residents living near transit stations. Factors such as travel time, convenience, and work flexibility influence commuting choices, while PT network complexity and accessibility issues discourage adoption.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Feb 2026 15:28:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2647782</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Direct and Indirect Impacts of Transport Mobility on Access to Jobs: Evidence from South Africa</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2651511</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Access to jobs is essential for economic growth. In Africa, unemployment rates are notably high. This paper reexamines the relationship between transport mobility and labor market outcomes, with a particular focus on the direct and indirect effects of transport connectivity. As predicted by theory, wages are influenced by the level of commuting deterrence. Generally, higher earnings are associated with longer commute times and/or higher commuting costs. Local accessibility is also important, especially for individuals with time constraints. Both direct and indirect impacts are found to be significant in South Africa, where job accessibility has been challenging since the end of apartheid. For the direct impact, the wage elasticity associated with commuting costs is significant. Returns on commute are particularly high for women. Local accessibility to socioeconomic facilities, such as shops and health services, is also found to have a significant impact, consistent with the concept of mobility of care. To enhance employment, therefore, it is crucial to connect people not only to job locations but also to various socioeconomic points of interest, such as markets and hospitals, in an integrated manner. This integration will enable individuals to spend more time working and commuting longer distances.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Jan 2026 09:19:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2651511</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Enhancing transgender mobility on public transport through equitable transport policies in a culturally conservative society</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643840</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Transgender individuals have visible gender expressions that distinguish them from other gender minorities, including lesbian, gay, bisexual or queer individuals. This visibility increases their vulnerability to gender-based violence and harassment in public spaces, and restricts their mobility on public transport and access to basic amenities for healthcare, education and employment. This issue is particularly severe in culturally conservative societies. This study aims to address the issue by exploring public acceptance of transgender individuals on public transport in Pakistan and recommending equitable transport policies for enhancing their mobility. Using the conceptual framework of the theory of planned behavior (TPB), a questionnaire was developed, and 474 responses were collected via an online survey. A multivariate structural equation model (SEM) was developed, and the results reveal that perceived behavioral control and intentions have a positive and significant relationship with transport policy interventions. Regarding the socioeconomic characteristics, male individuals, those with higher education, and those who meet transgender individuals more often, exhibit positive attitudes towards supportive transport policies aimed at enhancing transgender mobility on public transport. According to the findings, numerous equitable transport policies such as providing dedicated spaces and seats on public transport for transgender individuals, implementing dedicated car-sharing programs, enforcing transgender protection acts, and improving public acceptance through education and awareness campaigns, are recommended.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Jan 2026 09:53:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643840</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Dissecting gender differences in Commute wellbeing and Quality of life interaction in a developing country context</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2569870</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The existing literature on commuting and overall wellbeing lacks a strong gender perspective, with only gender distinctions in analyses. Hence, this study implemented a robust gender-based approach to analyzing commute wellbeing (CWB) and Quality of life (QoL) interaction to identify distinct relationships, if any, between men and women. This study examined the gender differences in the impact of commute characteristics, residence zone characteristics, and personal characteristics on CWB and how CWB and all these aspects further influence their QoL using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis and multi-group structural equation modeling. Data was collected from 1431 commuters through an extensive revealed preference survey in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, India. Results indicate that CWB influenced QoL positively for both genders, but the effect was less pronounced for women. Commute time, waiting time, and commute discomfort negatively influenced CWB. Commute cost significantly influenced men's CWB and QoL. Commute discomfort negatively influenced women's QoL. Commute mode negatively impacted men's QoL but positively affected women's. The residence zone's greater access to public transport stops reduced men's CWB and women's QoL. Greater access to employment opportunities increased men's CWB and women's QoL. The policy implications emphasize integrating life domains through transport to improve women's QoL.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Oct 2025 16:53:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2569870</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mode choice implications of fare-free public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic – Household survey-based results from a German case study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2593145</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Cost and travel time are key factors influencing transport mode choice. Therefore, tariff measures are essential for enhancing the appeal of public transport. In addition to fare reductions, implementing free public transport is another viable alternative. However, there are only a few comprehensive evaluations of free public transport that consider both person-related and trip-related attributes. This study addresses this research gap by evaluating the fare-free public transport scheme in the German city of Monheim am Rhein. Using descriptive analyses and binary logit models, the authors demonstrate that fare-free public transport significantly increases the likelihood of its use. Notably, households with medium economic status are particularly inclined to switch to public transport as a result of this initiative. Personal attributes such as age, gender, car availability, employment status, and trip purpose do not significantly affect the impact of the fare-free scheme on mode choice. The positive effect of fare-free public transport in Monheim am Rhein is especially noteworthy given its implementation at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The introduction of free access led to a quicker rebound in public transport usage compared to national averages post-pandemic. This suggests that long-term usage may surpass pre-COVID-19 levels. In summary, a local fare-free scheme can serve as an important opportunity for monomodal car users to experience public transport for the first time.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Sep 2025 08:34:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2593145</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Urban mobility and carbon emissions: Decoding the influence of sociodemographic factors, trip-level built environment, and travel behaviour of workers in three UK cities</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2585911</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Quantifying how individual-level travel patterns intersect with built environment features and sociodemographic characteristics is essential for addressing transportation-related CO₂ emissions. Existing evidence is predominantly based on aggregated individual and/or area-based data, neglecting important drivers of emissions at the trip level and variations by individual characteristics, including employment types. GPS-tracked mobility patterns from a random sample of 587 workers in three UK cities (Brighton and Hove, Leeds, and Birmingham) are analysed to estimate CO₂ emissions at the trip-level and person-level, accounting for multi-modal travel. Walkability and public transport availability at trip origins is associated with reduced emissions at the trip level but not overall individual emissions. Employing latent class analysis, participants were grouped based on multiple sociodemographic characteristics. Women with no access to a car were identified as low emitters, while individuals with access to a car as high emitters, regardless of gender and education level. These findings reinforce the need for policy frameworks that extend beyond traditional single-location strategies. Enhancing walkability and public transit connectivity in key activity hubs such as commercial, leisure, and other high-traffic areas, alongside incentives for behaviour change, offers significant potential to reduce transportation CO₂ emissions. Moreover, as dynamic population shifts and evolving travel patterns weaken the effectiveness of monocentric urban structures, the findings suggest that transitioning toward a polycentric model can be a more effective strategy for lowering transport-related CO₂ emissions. By emphasizing this broader spatial reach, urban planners and policymakers can better tailor interventions to distinct population segments, effectively supporting low-carbon travel and advancing sustainable urban mobility goals.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Sep 2025 13:39:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2585911</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Job Accessibility, Commute Time, and Efficiency of Urban Transport: Evidence from Dar es Salaam</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2594031</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Many African countries are experiencing rapid urbanization. However, job creation has not kept pace, resulting in persistently high urban unemployment rates. Based on basic job search theory, the paper revisits the relationship between employment and transport connectivity at various levels, using data from Dar es Salaam, one of Africa’s fastest-growing developing cities. It shows that those who commute longer distances tend to earn higher wages. Therefore, enhancing the efficiency of urban transport systems is crucial. The paper also identifies variations in the relationship between wages and commute times across different transport modes. Commuters using motorized transportation, particularly private cars and taxis, generally earn more than those using nonmotorized transport. Hence, there is a potential risk associated with the overreliance on private transport modes. The gender wage gap persists in Dar es Salaam, but the positive effect of commuting on wages is greater for women, which can contribute to reducing the gap.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Sep 2025 17:05:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2594031</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Uncovering individual-level determinants of shared e-scooting travel frequency</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2572419</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Shared electric scooter services (SESS) can potentially contribute to sustainable urban transport. However, utilization rates remain low and cast doubt on their cost-effectiveness, energy and resource efficiency, and environmental benefits. While aggregate-level studies have examined shared e-scooter usage, individual-level factors remain underexplored. This study addresses that gap using a behavioral survey of 1,425 responses. The authors employed a random parameter ordered probit model to quantify the factors that influence the frequency of SESS usage. Study findings reveal a gender and generational gap, with women and older adults less likely to utilize e-scooter sharing compared to men, Millennials, and Gen Z. Additionally, low-income individuals and those without vehicles have a higher probability of being regular users. Multimodal transit users and individuals who receive reduced-fare transit are more likely to use SESS frequently. Individuals who shop online regularly, often a tech‑savvy group, are also more inclined to be frequent users. Furthermore, the authors' findings indicate that built environment attributes are important. Specifically, the results show that living in areas with higher employment entropy, denser road networks, greater accessibility by transit, and highly walkable environments increases the likelihood of frequent SESS use.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Aug 2025 17:15:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2572419</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Erhebung des Informationsverhaltens der Verkehrsteilnehmer</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2589055</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Zentrales Ziel war die Durchführung und Auswertung einer ersten bundesweiten Repräsentativbefragung zum Informationsverhalten vor und während der Verkehrsteilnahme mit dem Pkw und/oder öffentlichen Verkehrsmitteln. Untersucht wurde, welche Informationen zu welchem Zeitpunkt gesucht beziehungsweise genutzt werden, welche Informationsquellen beziehungsweise -medien hierfür herangezogen werden und wie gegebenenfalls mit widersprüchlichen Informationen umgegangen wird. Es wurden insgesamt 5.103 Personen, die regelmäßig als Pkw- und/oder als Nutzer des öffentlichen Verkehrs (ÖV) am Verkehr teilnehmen, zur ihrem Informationsverhalten mittels einer Online-Erhebung befragt. Die Grundgesamtheit für die geplante Erhebung zum Informationsverhalten waren in Deutschland wohnende Personen ab 18 Jahre, die regelmäßig als Pkw- und/oder ÖV-Nutzer am Verkehr teilnehmen. Als Auswahlgrundlage für die Ziehung einer Personenstichprobe wurde nach Durchführung eines Pretests und einer Vor-Ort-Kontrollerhebung das Payback-Online-Access-Panel ausgewählt. Die Stichprobe wurde anhand der bundesweiten Verkehrserhebung "Mobilität in Deutschland (MiD)" 2017 nach Geschlecht, Alter, Bildung, Erwerbstätigkeit und Pkw/ÖV-Nutzung gewichtet. Abhängig vom genutzten Verkehrsmittel (Pkw/ÖV/beides) wurde das jeweilige Informationsverhalten abgefragt, wenn die befragte Person in den letzten 3 Monaten entsprechende Informationen abgerufen hat. Erhoben wurden dann zunächst die dabei genutzten Informationsquellen und der Zeitpunkt des Abrufs. Daran anschließend wurden für jede genannte Quelle Nutzungssituationen, Art und Zeitpunkt der Information, Wichtigkeit von und Zufriedenheit mit den jeweils genutzten Informationskanälen, Art und Verwendungshäufigkeit von Smartphone-Apps (nur bei App-Nutzern) und Reaktionen auf Verkehrsinformationen erfasst. Insgesamt bestätigen die erhobenen Daten die zu erwartenden Ergebnisse mit einer Dominanz von Smartphone-Apps und Internet bei der Informationsbeschaffung. Aber auch die klassischen Informationsmöglichkeiten wie Radio im Pkw-Verkehr und Fahrplanaushänge und Durchsagen an Bahnhöfen, Haltestellen, in Fahrzeugen des ÖV werden von vielen Befragten immer noch regelmäßig genutzt. Es zeigen sich allerdings sowohl im Pkw- als auch im öffentlichen Verkehr deutliche Unterschiede im Informationsverhalten je nach Alter. Diese Unterschiede sollten bei der zukünftigen Konzeption beziehungsweise Ausgestaltung der Verkehrssysteme berücksichtigt werden, um den Bedürfnissen aller Altersgruppen gerecht werden zu können. Wie schnell sich der Wandel hin zu Smartphone-Apps und Internet bei der Informationsbeschaffung in den letzten Jahren vollzogen hat, lässt sich mit den erhobenen Daten nicht beantworten. Mit der Erhebung wurde aber die Grundlage für ein zukünftiges Monitoring geschaffen. Das gewählte Erhebungsdesign ist so angelegt, dass durch periodische Wiederholungen der Erhebung (beispielsweise alle 2 Jahre) entsprechende Trends frühzeitig erkannt werden können, die für strategische Entscheidungen zur künftigen Gestaltung von Verkehrsinformationen, vor allem aus Sicht der öffentlichen Hand, genutzt werden können. (A) ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: The central aim was to conduct and evaluate the first nationwide representative survey on information behaviour before and during travel by car and/or public transport. It was investigated which information is sought or used at what time, which information sources or media are used for this and how any contradictory information is dealt with. For this purpose, a total of 5,103 people who regularly travel by car and/or public transport were asked about their information behaviour in an online survey. Selection basis for drawing a sample of individuals were people aged 18 and older living in Germany who regularly use public transport and/or cars as travellers. After carrying out a pre-test and an on-site control survey, the Payback Online Access Panel was selected as sampling frame. The sample was weighted according to gender, age, education, employment and car/public transport use based on the nationwide transport survey "Mobility in Germany (MiD)" 2017. Depending on the means of transport used (car/public transport/both), the respective information behaviour was queried if the respondent had accessed corresponding information in the last 3 months. The sources of information used and the time of access were recorded. Then, for each source mentioned, usage situations, type and time of information, importance of and satisfaction with the respective information channels used, type and frequency of use of smartphone apps (only for app users) and reactions to traffic information were recorded. Overall, the data collected confirm the expected results with a dominance of smartphone apps and the Internet in obtaining information. But traditional information options such as radio in cars and timetable notices and announcements in public transport are still used regularly by many respondents. However, there are clear differences in information behaviour depending on age among both car users and public transport users. These differences should be taken into account in the future conception and design of transport systems in order to be able to meet the needs of all age groups. Of course, the data collected cannot answer how quickly the change towards smartphone apps and the Internet has occurred in obtaining information in recent years. However, this survey created the basis for future monitoring. The selected survey concept is designed in such a way that corresponding trends can be identified at an early stage through periodic repetitions of the survey (e.g. every 2 years) and this can then be used for strategic decisions on the future design of traffic information, especially from the perspective of the public sector. (A)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 14 Aug 2025 14:59:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2589055</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Gender, Migration, and Daily Mobility: Marriage Migrants in Rural South Korea</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2588969</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study examines the mobility constraints faced by marriage migrant women in rural South Korea, focusing on their experiences in Gongju-si. Transnational migration to South Korea has increased in recent decades, with over 80% of marriage migrants being women. These women often live in low-income, smallholder farming households, facing spatial and temporal limitations because of inadequate transport infrastructure and gendered household responsibilities. Through interviews with 23 marriage migrants, this study reveals how restricted mobility affects their social integration and autonomy. Findings reveal that rural South Korea’s autocentric infrastructure marginalizes non-drivers, disproportionately affecting women. Caregiving responsibilities and entrenched gender norms further restrict marriage migrant women’s mobility, limiting access to resources, employment, and social engagement. Despite these challenges, the migrants employ strategies such as learning to drive, building social support through smartphones, engaging in community advocacy, and utilizing their transnational moving experience. This research underscores the need for policy interventions addressing both spatial and temporal aspects of the mobility of migrant women, advocating for better mobility and digital connectivity in rural planning.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 14 Aug 2025 09:37:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2588969</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Necessity of Establishing a National Organization to Monitor and Enhance Women's Employability in the Water Transportation Sector</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2572902</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The maritime transport industry is one of the most critical tradeways worldwide and has traditionally been a male stronghold, even as more and more women are admitted. Just as in many countries, including Bulgaria, the share of women in the maritime industry is always considerably less than that of men, exacerbated by the absence of any institutional framework specifically oriented toward gender issues in this sector. The article discusses the reasons for the need to create a public agency in Bulgaria that is concerned with monitoring women's participation in the maritime transport sector. The study examines the challenges that women face in this field, such as discrimination, prejudices, and lack of institutional support. The study combines a holistic approach toward national bodies for gender equality in the maritime sector with empirical and qualitative analyses of the responses of 136 women actively engaged in water-based transportation in Bulgaria, including professionals and students from the maritime departments at the Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy. The findings from this study provide valuable insights into the potential role of such a national body in addressing the outlined issues and enhancing proposals for improving women's representation, employment, and career prospects in the maritime transport sector.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 18 Jul 2025 09:06:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2572902</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Determinants of user satisfaction in smart parking applications</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2556741</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Limited parking availability exacerbates congestion and driver frustration in urban settings and has prompted the development of smart parking applications to streamline the parking experience. The applications have been well accepted by many, but there is still a lack of understanding about the factors that drive user satisfaction across diverse demographic groups. This study addresses this lack of information by conducting a cluster analysis to segment users of a university’s smart parking app based on their satisfaction levels and explores how demographic factors impact app usability, reliability, and satisfaction. Survey data from 105 users were analyzed using hierarchical and K-means clustering, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests were conducted to identify differences in levels of satisfaction across clusters, and regression analysis was performed to examine the factors that influence satisfaction. This approach revealed three distinct user segments: dissatisfied, moderately satisfied, and highly satisfied. The Dissatisfied users struggled with usability, privacy, and reliability issues, the first two of which were impacted by their gender and level of education. They also valued ticket avoidance features, which suggests that improvement in this area could boost engagement. Moderately satisfied users appreciated time-saving features but had concerns about peak-time reliability. Their satisfaction was linked to employment and income; therefore, enhancing predictive capabilities during periods of high demand could better meet their expectations. Highly satisfied users reported consistent satisfaction with responsiveness, accuracy, and ease of use, with little demographic variation. Addressing shared issues like peak-hour reliability, usability, privacy, and ticket avoidance could enhance satisfaction across all groups and promote a more user-centered smart parking experience. This research provides valuable insights for university administrators, urban planners, and parking service providers seeking to enhance user satisfaction with smart parking solutions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Jun 2025 16:12:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2556741</guid>
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