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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>Nedbrytning hos betongprovkroppar med slagg, flygaska och kalkstensfiller efter 4 vintersäsonger vid Rv 40</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1748864</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of this project is determine the degree of degradation of concrete mixtures with slag, fly ash and limestone after 4 years of road exposure at Rv40. The results from field exposed specimens are compared with laboratory tests of the salt freeze resistance on specimens from the same mixtures. These tests were carried out in previous research projects. In addition to further knowledge of degradation in concrete with slag, fly ash and limestone fillers in the road environment, this will provide indications of the existing test method (CEN / TS 12390-9, scaling, and SS137244) applicability and possible improvement needs. Within the previous project, only measurement of the decomposition of the 14 mixtures was held after a winter's exposure at Rv40. After 4 years it should be possible to get indications of how the salt freeze resistance varies in the 14 mixtures that were done in 2014 and 2015 and how this correlates with the results of the laboratory tests. Repeated measurements are proposed after a further 3 + 3 years. Funding for this is requested separately when applicable. On the field samples, the external and internal degradation of the specimens will be recorded by measuring volume change, self-frequency change and ultrasonic measurement. Depending on the degree of degradation, some specimens may be analyzed by other methods, e.g. microscopy, chloride measurement, carbonation measurement or the like. The results will be used in regulations and ama. The hope is that concrete with fly ash and slag gives equivalent results as concrete with pure Portland cement. This would ensure the use of cement that produces less CO 2 emissions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 Nov 2020 14:09:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1748864</guid>
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      <title>Air Void System Parameters and Frost Resistance of Air-entrained Concrete Containing Calcareous Fly Ash</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1323888</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper presents results of the investigation of the air void characteristics and the resistance to cyclic freezing and thawing of air-entrained concrete containing calcareous fly ash. The frost resistance was tested also under the presence of de-icing salts to check the resistance to frost-salt scaling and without de-icing salts. The range of investigation included air entrained  concrete mixes with the specified water-binder ratio of w/b=0.45 with addition of calcareous fly ash or made using blended cements with calcareous fly ash (W), and also siliceous fly ash (V) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (S). The coarse aggregates used were crushed granodiorite and crushed limestone. The air-void system parameters were determined by microscopic image analysis and the effect of addition of calcareous fly ash was assessed. The effect of concrete age and presence of fly ash W on the strength and freeze-thaw resistance was also studied. The tests have shown that the use of calcareous fly ash as one of the main constituents of blended cements does not affect the frost salt scaling resistance nor the resistance to internal frost damage provided that the air void system is adequate.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Sep 2014 14:29:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1323888</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Frost scaling on concrete roads</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1179012</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 02:09:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1179012</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>THE INFLUENCE OF LIGHTWEIGHT FINES SUBSTITUTED FOR CONVENTIONAL FINES ON FREEZE-THAW DURABILITY OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/345654</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This investigation was undertaken to identify and quantify those factors which reduce freeze-thaw scaling when lightweight fines are substituted for the conventional sand in portland cement concrete. This was based on the hypothesis that the lightweight fines would produce a durable concrete. A model was employed which would have offered many benefits if the hypothesis had been proven. Normal weight crushed stone was used for the coarse aggregate. A local sand of glacial origin and proven durability was used for comparison purposes in control mixes. Two methods of investigating concrete freeze-thaw durability were conducted. One of these, ASTM Designation: C 291- 61T, did not evaluate the potential scaling resistance of the concretes. The other test, a scaling resistance test which consisted of freezing pure water on the concrete surface and thawing with calcium chloride, showed a difference among all three aggregates.  A "solid bubble" hypothesis by which porous fines might act as an air bubble was proposed. An investigation of the porosity of the two lightweight aggregates showed a difference in the effective porosities. The coated aggregate had a higher effective porosity and a larger amount of pores smaller than 5 microns than the non-coated aggregate. The use of expanded shale fine aggregates substituted for the conventional fines in concrete did not improve the scaling resistance of concrete.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 1992 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/345654</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>FROST AND DEICING SALT DAMAGE TO CONCRETE PAVEMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/195318</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In order to study scaling of concrete caused by frost and/or deicing salt, experimental sections of road were constructed with various combinations of portland cement or blast furnace cement; gravel or crushed gravel and percentages of cement.  After a month and after nine years, freezing-thawing tests were carried out.  Also after nine years the sections were visually inspected. It is concluded that the slight scaling of the concrete with blast furnace cement has had no influence on the behaviour of the pavement.  From recent skidding resistance tests it is concluded that the skidding resistance is only slightly decreased.  (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Oct 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/195318</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>THE CURING OF CONCRETE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/25932</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THIS BOOKLET GIVES DETAILED INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CORRECT CURING OF CONCRETE UNDER A VARIETY OF CONDITIONS. DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF THE BACKGROUND TO THE NEED FOR CURING CONCRETE (THE CONTROLLING OF TEMPERATURE AND WATER CONTENT UNTIL IT DEVELOPS SUFFICIENT STRENGTH AND RESISTANCE TO ABRASION AND FROST) OF THE WAY IN WHICH DIFFERENT CEMENTS, WATER-CEMENT RATIOS AND TEMPERATURE AFFECT THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CONCRETE. THE DIFFERENT METHODS USED TO CURE CONCRETE ARE DESCRIBED IN DETAIL, THESE INCLUDE THE CONTROL OF TEMPERATURE; WATER SPRAYING; USE OF WET COVERINGS, WATERPROOF PAPER AND POLYTHENE SHEETING; APPLICATION OF MEMBRANES BY SPRAYING AND ELECTRICAL CURING. THE LENGTH OF CURING IS DISCUSSED AND A TABLE GIVES A GUIDE TO THE MINIMUM PERIODS OF CURING FOR DIFFERENT CEMENTS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES. PLASTIC CRACKING AND METHODS OF MINIMIZING ITS OCCURENCE ARE CONSIDERED AND INFORMATION IS PRESENTED RELATING TO CURING IN PARTICULAR APPLICATIONS:- ROADS AND PAVED AREAS, FLOOR TOPPINGS AND VERTICAL SURFACES. INSTRUCTIONS FOR CURING UNDER COLD AND HOT WEATHER CONDITIONS ARE INCLUDED. THE BOOKLET CONCLUDES WITH NOTES ON CURING WHEN A HIGH QUALITY SURFACE IS REQUIRED ON THE PREVENTION OF SCALING WHEN CASING AGAINST STEEL AND ON RAPID-HARDENING CEMENTS AND WHITE AN& COLOURED CONCRETES.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Feb 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/25932</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>SCALING OF CONCRETE BY FROST ACTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/98558</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE CAUSES OF SCALING OF EXPOSED CONCRETE SURFACES ARE REVIEWED. THE EFFECTS OF THE COMPOSITIONAL FACTORS OF THE CONCRETE ON THE MECHANISMS OF SCALING AND THE EFFECTS OF FROST ACTION IN THIS MECHANISM ARE EXPLAINED. THE METHODS OF PROTECTION OF EXPOSED CONCRETE ARE LISTED AND THE SPECIFICATIONS AND QUALITY CONTROL REQUIRED TO ASSURE THIS PROTECTION ARE DISCUSSED. THE EXPERIENCES OF THE CITY OF MONTREAL WITH THESE SPECIFICATIONS AND CONTROL ARE THEN PRESENTED. /CGRA/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Nov 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/98558</guid>
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