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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Flexible Pavement Resiliency and Mitigation Strategies Following Adverse Environmental Events</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2166535</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Water accelerates flexible pavement damage in various ways, including subgrade and granular pavement materials strength reduction, frost heave, swelling of expansive subgrade soils, and asphalt binder stripping of aggregate in asphalt concrete (AC) mixes. This paper presents case studies of AC pavement sections in the U.S. that withstood high moisture events with limited effect on pavement performance and no immediate need for major maintenance or rehabilitation actions. The case studies comprise pavement sections in Florida and Louisiana that were subjected to catastrophic flooding events, a pavement section in Delaware that is constantly exposed to tidal water level variations, and pavement sections in Montana and Minnesota that experience seasonal freeze-thaw. These cases illustrated that flexible pavements could withstand climatic changes when appropriately designed and constructed. Mechanically or chemically stabilized subgrade, proper drainage, and/or minimizing plastic fines in unbound layers are all techniques that could effectively control moisture damage.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 05 May 2023 10:01:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2166535</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A novel random finite element model for holistically modeling of the frost effects on soils and cold region pavements</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2068199</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes the development of a random finite element model (RFEM) that allows holistic simulation of frozen soil behaviors, including the effects of phase transition and the consequent internal stress and volume changes. The performance of the model is firstly validated with laboratory experiments. The model is implemented to simulate the effects of frost action on pavement. The coupled thermal-mechanical actions including the mechanical responses of subgrade soils subjected to freezing temperature and its effects on the pavement structure are analyzed. The results show that the frost action and expansion of ice lenses change the interaction modes between pavement layers. This leads to increase of stress and deformation in the pavement layer. Methods to mitigate the effects of frost heave are analyzed with this model. The simulation results indicate that the detrimental effects of frost heave on the pavement structure can be mitigated by increasing the thickness of base layer, use of thermal insulation layer or improve drainage in the subgrade layer. The RFEM combines the advantages of discrete element model (DEM) in holistically describing the microstructure effects and in the finite element model (FEM) in terms of computational efficiency. This allows to focus research on understanding the behaviors of individual soils phase and their interfacial interactions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jan 2023 09:31:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2068199</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Calculation method and model tests of pile frost jacking for railway overhead contact systems in permafrost regions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2083960</link>
      <description><![CDATA[One of the major challenges encountered in electrification reconstruction project of Golmud-Lhasa section of Qinghai-Tibet railway of China is ensuring the frost jacking stability of the pile foundation of overhead contact system mast (OCSM). To evaluate the resisting frost jacking performance of OCSM pile in permafrost regions, a theoretical model of OCSM pile in permafrost soils under the effect of frost heave was constructed based on superposition principle and deformation coordination relationship between the pile and soil. The model was solved by using the finite difference method combined with MATLAB. Then, large scale model tests were performed to investigate the thermodynamic behaviors of OCSM piles with different sections (equal section circular pile, straight cone cylindrical pile and curved cone cylindrical pile) in the permafrost soils under freeze-thaw actions, after which the theoretical model were validated. It was found that distribution curves of pile axial force obtained by the calculation method is basically consistent with model test results in the overall trend, implying that the calculation model is reasonable and feasible. During soil freezing, the pile is under tension as a whole, and the axial force is greatest near the depth of frost penetration. The maximum value of tangential frost-heave stress occurs near the ground surface. The total tangential frost heaving force of the curved cone cylindrical pile is the smallest, and the effect of resisting frost jacking is the best. These research results can provide a reference for resisting frost jacking design of OCSM pile in permafrost regions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jan 2023 09:31:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2083960</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Subsidence over mines and caverns, moisture and frost actions, and classification</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1179262</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 02:14:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1179262</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Modeling of Soil Pipe Interactions in Cold Weather Conditions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1130249</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Pipes, especially buried pipes, in cold regions generally experience a rash of failures during cold weather snaps. However, the existing heuristic models are unable to explain the basic processes involved in the frost action. This is because the frost action is not a direct load but causes variations in pipe- soil interactions resulting from the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical process in soils. This paper developed and implemented a holistic multiphysics simulation model for freezing soil and extended it to the analysis of pipe-soil system. The theoretical framework was implemented to analyze both static and dynamic responses of buried pipes subjected to frost action. The multiphysical simulations were able to reproduce the phenomenon commonly observed during frost actions, i.e., ice fringe advancement,, an increase in the internal stress of pipes, etc.  The influence of important design factors, i.e., buried depth and overburden pressure, on pipe responses were simulated.  A fatigue cracking criteria was utilized to predict the crack initialization under the joint effects of frost and dynamic traffic load.  The frost effects were found to have a detrimental effects of accelerating fatigue crack initialization in pipes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 20 Mar 2012 14:59:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1130249</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SOIL STABILIZATION WITH FLY ASH AND ITS RANGE OF USES IN POLAND</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1063984</link>
      <description><![CDATA[HITHERTO, SOIL STABILIZATION WAS CARRIED OUT IN POLAND MAINLY WITH CEMENT  AND LIME.  SOME TESTS ON THE REPLACEMENT OF THESE MATERIALS WITH FLY ASH  WERE SUCCESSFUL. REGULATIONS DRAWN UP BY THE POLISH CENTRAL ROAD RESEARCH INSTITUTE PERMIT THE WIDESPREAD USE OF FLY ASH, PARTICULARLY OF BROWN COAL FLY ASH FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROAD BASES FOR HIGHWAY PAVEMENTS.  COHESIONLESS SOILS, PARTICULARLY SANDS AND GRAVELS OF A HOMOGENEOUS GRANULAR STRUCTURE, ARE IMPROVED WITH THE ADDITION OF FLY ASH AND STRENGTHENED AGAINST THE ACTIONS OF WATER AND FROST.  FOR SOIL STABILIZATION WITH CEMENT THE  ADDITION OF FLY ASH CAN LEAD TO SAVINGS OF 30 TO 35% OF THE CEMENT.  THE  TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE FLY ASH ARE DISCUSSED AND ITS SUITABILITY  FOR SOIL STABILIZATION DEPENDING ON THE CAO CONTENT BASED ON LABORATORY TEST RESULTS FOR COHESIONLESS SOILS, SILTS, LOAMY SAND AND LOAM.  OF PARTICULAR INTEREST IS THE INCREASE IN STRENGTH VALUES OBSERVED IN MOST CASES AND THE CONFIRMATION THAT A HIGHER CAO CONTENT HAS A POSITIVE INFLUENCE ON THE BINDER PROPERTIES.  PIT OR SOFT COAL HAS NO BINDING PROPERTIES BECAUSE  OF ITS LOW CAO CONTENT.  ITS HIGH CONTENT OF SI02, FE203 AND AL203 AFFECTS THE HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES OF COHESIONLESS SOILS.  IN THE STABILIZATION OF SILTY SOILS AS A SUB-BASE, THE USE OF BROWN COAL FLY ASH IS RECOMMENDED WITH SIMULTANEOUS ADDITION OF CEMENT.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 08:49:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1063984</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ETUDES DE METHODES D'AMELIORATION DE LA STABILITE DES SOLS DE FONDATIONS DE VOIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1058335</link>
      <description><![CDATA[CE RECUEIL DE TRAVAUX DE L'INSTITUT FEDERAL D'ETUDES ET DE RECHERCHES FERROVIAIRES DE L'URSS COMPREND TREIZE ARTICLES TRAITANT DES POINTS SUIVANTS : ETUDE DES ACTIONS DYNAMIQUES SUR LES PLATEFORMES EN TERRE, ETUDES DE REGIMES HYDRO-THERMIQUES EN CAS DE GONFLEMENTS DUS AU GEL, APPLICATION DE LA PROSPECTION GEOPHYSIQUE  (12576 - SOLS FOND - M MAGNAN).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 06:14:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1058335</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>GELS DES SOLS ET DES CHAUSSEES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1054390</link>
      <description><![CDATA[CETTE RECHERCHE VISE A ELABORER UNE METHODE DE DIMENSIONNEMENT DES CHAUSSEES PRENANT MIEUX EN COMPTE LES PHENOMENES DE GEL-DEGEL.  L'ETUDE PORTERA SUR LA POURSUITE DES ACTIONS SUIVANTES : - ESSAIS DE GELIVITE SUR SOLS NON  TRAITES ; - ETUDE DES CARACTERISTIQUES THERMIQUES DES MATERIAUX DES CHAUSSEES ; - CONSTATATIONS IN SITU ; - ADAPTATION DU PROGRAMME DE CALCUL GEL (FICHE 900030) A DES CAS COMPLEXES ET UTILISATION DU PROGRAMME ACTUELLEMENT OPERATIONNEL EN VUE DE LA PRISE EN COMPTE DU GEL DANS LA FUTURE VERSION DU CATALOGUE DES STRUCTURES DES CHAUSSEES.  PAR AILLEURS, DES RECHERCHES COMPLEMENTAIRES RELATIVES A L'ESSAI DE GELIVITE SERONT ENGAGEES : - ANALYSE  STATISTIQUE DES RESULTATS DES ESSAIS DE GELIVITE ; - APPLICATION DE L'ESSAI DE GELIVITE AUX SOLS TRAITES.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 03:55:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1054390</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DEGEL 1985</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1015744</link>
      <description><![CDATA[L'objectif de cette etude etait de recueillir des observations sur le comportement au degel des chaussees a assises traitees et essentiellement desrenforcements.  En raison de la rigueur de la periode de gel de janvier 1985, exceptionnelle pour certaines regions, un programme specifique a ete mis en place en collaboration avec le SETRA ; ce programme comportait les actions suivantes : - observation et suivi fin de chaussees a assises traitees : gonflement, ovalisation, deflexion, etc. ; - bilan de comportement des couches de roulement, en particulier des enduits superficiels ; - bilan  de comportement des renforcements en assises traitees permettant un calage statistique de la methode de determination de l'indice d'alerte.  Cetterecherche a utilise les travaux de l'AER 1.01.73.5 (DIRR 501803).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 20 Nov 2010 07:32:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1015744</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Peculiar Features of the Foundations and the Artificial Bases Construction of the Covered Stadium in Cryolithozone</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/904395</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes how the erection of a covered stadium "Zapolyarnik" in Norilsk with a special internal microclimate on permafrost demands application of special actions for the preservation of the permafrost condition of the soils. The task for choosing an effective way of maintenance of stability of a field of stadium that will be used as a football field during the warm period of year as football and as an ice arena during the cold time is put and solved. The problem of maintenance of stability of the basis of a field and the stadium bases has the purpose — non-admission of the seasonal or long-term soils bases thawing through, including existing improperly sorted out soils of the powerful technogenic cushion fill. The exception of negative development unpredictable settlements - the bases soils blows up, capable to cause deformation the construction, is reached due to the transfer of the existing soils of the in bases into the stable permafrost state, including those which are close to the surface. Stable frozen condition of the soils of the bases of the football-ice field of the stadium is provided by the restriction of an unstable zone of the seasonal frost penetration - soils thawing through within the geotechnical system arranged on the existing surface and possessing with non-subsidence and non-blowup properties at the temperature changes, including a transition through 0°C. Quantitative forecasts are carried out by means of solving of a series of a task of non-stationary heat conductivity taking into account the mobile border of the phases separation (so-called Stephan condition). As a result of researches the temperature fields, peculiar for the soils of the bases during this or that period of time (the forecast is for about) are received at those or other types of influences through a surface. Simulation for seven various types of the arrangement of the artificial basis for the football-ice field is executed. The optimum multilayered construction arranged after maximum natural soils frost penetration of the basis is chosen. Temperature modes of a microclimate of a construction in winter and summer time of year are defined. The technical decision on the arrangement of the pile bases-covers for bearing arches of a covering of stadium is developed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Nov 2009 14:58:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/904395</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SOIL MOISTURE TENSION AND ICE SEGREGATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/128121</link>
      <description><![CDATA[SOME OF THE FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF FROST ACTIONS IN SOILS ARE DISCUSSED. IT IS SUGGESTED THAT THE FREEZING POINT DEPRESSION AT THE ICE-WATER INTERFACE DETERMINES THE SOIL MOISTURE TENSION WHICH ACTS AS THE DRIVING FORCE DURING FROST HEAVING. THE DIMENSIONS OF THE SOIL PORES ARE RESPONSIBLE, AT LEAST IN PART, FOR THE INDUCED FREEZING POINT DEPRESSION WHEN A SATURATED SOIL SPECIMEN IS FROZEN UNIDIRECTIONALLY. MOISTURE TENSIONS IN EXCESS OF 8,000 CM OF WATER HAVE BEEN MEASURED IN CLOSED SYSTEMS CONTAINING FINEGRAINED SOILS AFTER HEAVING APPROACHED ZERO, BUT ARE MUCH LESS IN COARSE-GRAINED SOILS. BLENDED SOILS COVERING A WIDE TEXTURAL RANGE AS WELL AS FINE OTTAWA SAND WERE USED TO PREPARE A SERIES OF TEST SPECIMENS. IN GENERAL, THE EXPERIMENTAL FINDINGS ARE IN HARMONY WITH THE SUGGESTED THEORY. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 May 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/128121</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/312670</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This chapter, Chapter 8 of the "Guide to Earthwork Construction," discusses some of the environmental issues commonly encountered during earthwork construction operations.  It presents a brief overview of the following topics:  general and site-specific environmental considerations, soil erosion, the influence of construction on the local environment, hazardous and objectionable materials, long-term issues and considerations, and frost actions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Aug 1990 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/312670</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>GEOLOGIC INDICATORS OF CATASTROPHIC COLLAPSE IN KARST TERRAIN IN MISSOURI</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/53795</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Although the records of 97 catastrophic collapses in Missouri karst terrain have emphasized such man-made causes as dewatering, vibration, or water saturation, there is an underlying commonality of geologic features that offers insight into ways to avoid collapse problems in highways and other construction.  Collapse events are more likely to occur in areas overlain by moderately thick residual soil, in losing valleys, and in wet seasons.  Significant collapses have occurred where there was no indication of sinkholes or other typical karst landforms. Of the numerous collapses related to highway construction, most have involved upward stopping of residuum from underlying cavernous channels in carbonate bedrock, and have been triggered by constructional or operational activities that altered drainage conditions.  Exploration for incipient collpases is costly and more effective in limited areas. Analysis of geologic indicators such as losing streams, relict karst landforms, and residuum type and thickness, as well as speleological data offer more cost-effective techniques to define target locales for subsequent detailed exploration.  Initial exploration with a backhoe generally gives more useful near-surface data than drilling.  Drilling is necessary, however, to validate evidence inferred by surface geologic indicators and geophysical methods such as fixed-depth resistivity and high-precision gravity surveys. /Author/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 28 Sep 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/53795</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE RESISTANCE OF STABILIZED SOILS TO ATMOSPHERIC ACTIONS /IN GERMAN/</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/122426</link>
      <description><![CDATA[DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF WETTING-DRYING TESTS AND FREEZING- THAWING CYCLE TESTS ON 3 TYPES OF CLAY SAMPLES STABILIZED WITH HYDRATED LIME, FLY-ASH AND POZZOLAN. IT WAS SHOWN THAT, IN ORDER TO STABILIZE A LAYER OF PLASTIC SOIL TO BE COVERED BY A BITUMINOUS CARPET, IT IS SUFFICIENT TO ADD 6 TO 8 PERCENT LIME TO IT. AS REGARDS CLAY G, THE OPTIMUM RESISTANCE OF WETTING IS OBTAINED BY THE ADDITION OF 18.4 PERCENT HYDRATED LIME MIXED WITH FLY-ASH AT A RATIO OF 1 TO 2, WHILE THE OPTIMUM RESISTANCE TO FREEZING-THAWING CYCLES IS ATTAINED BY ADDING 12.9 PERCENT OF HYDRATED LIME MIXED WITH FLY-ASH (1 TO 2 RATIO). IN THE CASE OF CLAY V, THE MAXIMUM RESISTANCE TO WETTING AND FROST IS REACHED BY ADDING 17 PERCENT HYDRATED LIME MIXED WITH FLY-ASH (1 TO 1 RATIO). FOR CLAY K, A MIXTURE OF 17 PERCENT OF HYDRATED LIME AND FLY-ASH (1 TO 1 RATIO) GAVE MAXIMUM RESISTANCE TO WETTING AND FROST. /LCPC(A)/RRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 06 Sep 1971 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/122426</guid>
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