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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>EVALUATION OF CULVERT DEFORMATIONS USING THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/389613</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A finite element analysis was performed to study the stability of a rib-reinforced, low-profile, long-span steel arch culvert located at Hayden Creek, Hayden Lake, Northern Idaho.  The culvert, which is 3.42 m high and has a span of 10.52 m, was designed on the basis of empirical methods.  The culvert suffered some unexpected deformations (sag) during the first few months after installation.  Because of the limitations of conventional, empirical analysis methods, the finite element method was used to model the complex soil-structure interaction conditions at the culvert and to assess the ability of the culvert to accommodate future design loads safely.  The CANDE program, which was developed for the Federal Highway Administration, was selected for this study because it was adjudged as providing the most flexible and realistic treatment of the culvert soil interaction.  The soil-structure model used to analyze the Hayden Creek culvert is described.  Factors of safety for compression and plastic hinge formation (inelastic buckling) are computed from the finite element analysis results; the limitations of the approach are presented.  A nonlinear, finite element analysis requires a large amount of processing time.  Previously this was an expensive proposition, but with the availability of fast desktop computers, the finite element method may be used regularly with appropriately selected linear or nonlinear parameters to gain a general insight into the deformation behavior of culverts.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 07 Apr 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>STRUCTURAL EVALUATION OF NEW CONCEPTS FOR LONG-SPAN CULVERTS AND CULVERT INSTALLATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/144913</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Analytical structural evaluations of long-span and conventional culvert installations are made using a finite element soil-structure model.  Included in the evaluation are the relative merits of conventional soil-structure design parameters of soil quality and compaction, footing width (for arches), metal liner thickness, metal liner shape, scale of structure, and special manufacturing features, such as thrust beam, rib stiffeners, and soil bin. Results indicate that soil stiffness is the most significant parameter related to deformations in the structure.  Maximum thrust force is generally insensitive to all conventional design parameters.  Further analytical evaluations are made of new concepts, including reinforced earth, stabilized soil zones, selective placement of soft inclusions, and controlled joint slippage.  Results suggest that soil reinforcement used in conjunction with long-span culverts may be a cost-effective technique to limit structural deformations and enhance structural capacity.  It also appears that controlled joint slippage may be the most cost-effective method to reduce thrust.  Other parameters investigated included selective placement of stabilized soil, V-notch void, and fluid jackets for concrete pipe, all of which appeared to improve the structural performance of culverts. /FHWA/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Apr 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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