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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Low Income Childhood Pedestrian Injury: Understanding the Disparate Risk</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2635342</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A leading cause of death and injury to children is being struck by a motor vehicle. A disproportionate number of injured child pedestrians are of low socioeconomic status. The relationship between socioeconomic status and pedestrian injury is poorly understood. The existing literature is limited by the lack of pedestrian exposure data, a common measure of risk, and a clear conceptual framework for the interaction between socioeconomic status and pedestrian injury. Another issue is the limited availability of injury data. This paper proposes a model for understanding child pedestrian exposure and risk and its relationship to socioeconomic status. The analysis also identifies the need for additional data and research, and makes specific policy proposals.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 01 Feb 2026 16:31:56 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>SOCIAL DIFFERENCES IN TRAFFIC INJURY RISKS IN CHILDHOOD AND YOUTH - A LITERATURE REVIEW AND A RESEARCH AGENDA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/674102</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper reviews the scientific literature concerning social differences in traffic injuries in childhood in order to highlight the current state of knowledge and to draw the main lines of a research agenda.  A conceptual framework is used that identifies the mechanisms through which social context, social position, and various exposures may interact in the determination of health inequalities. It is used as a frame for presenting the evidence accumulated so far concerning social differences in traffic injury in childhood, including pedestrian, cyclist, and vehicle passenger injuries.  For most types of traffic injuries, mortality and morbidity are often higher among children from lower social positions and in more deprived socioeconomic areas.   Whether the greater occurrence of injuries in deprived areas is a phenomenon attributable to the areas themselves, or merely a reflection of a wider pattern of injuries affecting lower socioeconomic groups, is unclear.  There is evidence of an interaction effect between age and gender, and also between socioeconomic status and gender.  The mechanisms leading to social inequalities in traffic injuries in childhood deserve greater scrutiny in future research.  Further theoretical developments and empirical investigation will help define intervention needs and enable more effective targeted, long term prevention.  (A)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 05 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>PEDESTRIAN ETHOLOGY. UNOBTRUSIVE OBSERVATION OF CHILD AND ADULT ROAD-CROSSING BEHAVIOUR IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CHILD PEDESTRIAN TRAINING PROGRAMME</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/192240</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Traffic accidents form a most serious threat to lives and health of children.  Three types of countermeasures can be distinguished: engineering, enforcement and education. The Traffic Research Centre at the University of Groningen has followed the third countermeasure approach by carrying out a child traffic education research project. In this project, experimental and field studies were carried out along three lines: (1) experiments concerning the development with age of necessary psychological functions, (2) child pedestrian training experiments, and (3) unobtrusive observation studies of road-crossing behaviour.  The present study concerns the latter line of research.  The study begins with the presentation of a conceptual framework which puts observational studies in perspective with other research approaches concerning child traffic education.  The next chapter deals with the methods and results of the training of observers to follow children (and adults) and score their road-crossing behaviour.  In the subsequent chapters behavioural patterns of preschool children and adults, crossing in various task conditions in a quiet residential area, are described in great detail and interpreted in terms of information processing. Further, effects of an experimental child pedestrian training programme on road-crossing behaviour of children and the adults involved are evaluated.  (Author/TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Jan 1984 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>CHILD PEDESTRIAN'S EXPOSURE, ACCIDENTS AND BEHAVIOUR</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/173693</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Empirical data on children's exposure, accidents and behavior are a necessary prerequisite for the selection of the most important educational objectives, as specified in concrete form by a more theoretical "behavior requirement analysis". In this report an attempt is made to summarize the most important empirical findings in this area within the framework of a pedestrian task analysis developed earlier. The report starts with the presentation of a conceptual framework relating the concepts exposure, behavior, conflicts and accidents.  The last chapter mentions several research needs which are relevant for the identification and selection of educational objectives and for the evaluation of educational and environmental countermeasures.(a) (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Jan 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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