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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
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      <title>GEO-ENGINEERING ALONG THE A55 NORTH WALES COAST ROAD</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/722509</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The A55 Chester to Holyhead trunk road comprises 145 km of modern dual carriageway along the coast of North Wales.  As part of Euroroute E22 (Sassnitz to Dublin) it forms a main artery to the British and European motorway network.  Construction (1969-2001) entailed 30 separate schemes crossing diverse geological terrains that posed a wide variety of ground problems of considerable engineering interest.  This paper describes the diverse geo-engineering features associated with the project and highlights certain aspects of the design and ground engineering methods used to mitigate or resolve some of the geotechnical concerns along the route.  On the eastern most schemes, uneven settlements resulted from kettle holes in till, backfilled opencast coal mining areas and pockets of postglacial peat.  At Halkyn Mountain, the construction corridor crossed a zone of abandoned lead-zinc mine workings and through the Clwydian Range it traversed a cluster of sinkholes.  On Rhuallt Hill, adverse discontinuity conditions in Silurian siltstones created slope instability in a rock cutting.  In the Vale of Clwyd, the till plain provided satisfactory foundation conditions but further west, soft alluvium and peat beneath the coastal plain caused major ground engineering difficulties.  The Conway Crossing was the first immersed-tube road tunnel in the UK and the mountainous headlands of Penmaenbach and Pen-y-Clip, composed of Ordovician igneous rocks, required the construction of hard-rock road tunnels. The westernmost schemes on the mainland traversed Cambrian and Ordovician strata mantled with glacial deposits. The final extension across the island of Anglesey was constructed over schist and gneiss of the Precambrian crystalline basement.  (A)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 02 Aug 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>ASPECTS OF HIGHWAY ROCK ENGINEERING IN THE UK</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[This paper is concerned mainly with aspects of highway rock engineering, relating to excavation and slope stability.  It considers the evolution of successful design and construction techniques in the UK.  Effective rock engineering techniques have now been developed for designing rock slopes in harmony with the geotechnical environment, and applying the power of high explosives without damaging the design slope.  The explosive techniques of presplit blasting and fragmentation blasting are described.  The Optimised Design approach is a direct result of studies and trials conducted on trunk road projects in Scotland. It aims to decrease whole life costs, over the whole design life of up to 120 years, by increasing stability and reducing expensive repair work and maintenance.  It recognises a rock face as an engineered structure.  The present approach is to design to minimise instability, using principles of removal, strengthening, support and containment.  Environmental impact and types of contract are issues of increasing importance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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