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      <title>Antioxidants for roading bitumen</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1205090</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The technical literature up to 1994 dealing with the use of antioxidants to decrease the rate of age hardening in bitumen used for roading chipseals was reviewed.  Laboratory studies showed that in some cases bitumen treated with antioxidants has reduced hardening rates due to oxidation compared to control bitumens. Much of the work reported does not adequately consider interfering effects such as volatisation or dispersion of the antioxidants during mixing and accelerated aging.  The additives' initial effect on bitumen viscosity is also often not properly taken into account.  Virtually no research has been done on the chemistry of the antioxidant-bitumen system to attempt to understand why some additives are more effective than others or to explain the general lack of effectiveness compared to antioxidants in other materials subject to autoxidation. Lead dialkyl dithiocarbamate (LDADC) compounds showed promise in laboratory studies.  One of these compounds was used in field trials in Australia, and after five years the rate of hardening was reduced by 31 percent at five percent concentration.  This reduction was translated to an estimated increase in seal life of 64 percent or seven years.  In laboratory studies hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) has decreased the rate of oxidation and viscosity increase of roading bitumen, but its effect appeared to be limited in the field. Basic research on the chemistry of bitumen antioxidant systems is lacking even though, given the potential benefits of increased seal life, such research would be justified.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 20:33:15 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>ADDITIVES TO BITUMEN --THIN BITUMINOUS PAVEMENT SURFACINGS. REPORT OF A WORKSHOP AT THE NEW ZEALAND ROADING SYMPOSIUM, THE ACADEMY, WELLINGTON, AUGUST 1983</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/294516</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Additives used to improve the durability of bitumen are the subject of this paper.  Additives are divided into two groups: those that change the mechanical properties of bitumen, and those which alter its chemical properties. Chemical modifications can be brought about by: (i) reducing the rate of oxidation; and (II) increasing the rate of oxidation of bitumen.  Antioxidants include zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (zdc), lead diamyldithiocarbamate (ldadc), and hydrated lime.  Reduction in bitumen hardening is produced for the first few years after use of zdc; however after five years there is no difference between treated and untreated bitumen.  Ldac has yet to be tested by full scale road trials but early laboratory tests indicate that it is superior to zdc.  Initial tests in which hydrated lime is added to bitumen used for spray seals are also promising.  Tests on chemcrete, which is believed to be manganese naphthanate, and which promotes rapid oxidation of bitumen are also promising.  Additives used to modify mechanical properties of bitumen include: sulphur; and scrap rubber.  Methods to test polymer (rubber) modified binders by the study of reflective cracking, including the elastic recovery rheometer and basic rheological testing are also mentioned.  For the covering abstract of the workshop see IRRD 812631.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Apr 1989 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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