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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Metaverse-Enabled Intelligence for Open-Terrain Field Vehicle Fleets: Leveraging Parallel Intelligence and Edge Computing</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2389748</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Open-terrain field vehicle (OTFV) fleets, including mining trucks, construction machinery, and agricultural machinery, often encounter significantly more intricate scenarios and unique challenges than road vehicles. Enhancing the intelligence level of OTFV fleets can significantly enhance their operational effectiveness and improve energy efficiency. This perspective paper introduces a metaverse-enabled framework to improve the intelligence levels of OTFV fleets. The metaverse-enabled framework consists of the parallel intelligence-based vehicle fleet control and edge computing-based vehicle dynamics control levels. The authors first delve into the framework's specifics, covering open-terrain field metaverse, parallel intelligence, edge computing, and human-vehicle cooperation. The authors further discuss critical issues such as artificial general intelligence (AGI) enabled large control models, vehicle teleoperation, communication privacy, and edge scenario engineering. Additionally, the authors provide a detailed account of edge computing and integrated domain control within the vehicle dynamics control level, illustrating the interactions among human drivers, domain controllers, vehicle systems and open-terrain field metaverse. Ultimately, the proposed framework can potentially empower intelligence to OTFV fleets and other equipment clusters with complicated system compositions and challenging missions in complex environments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Jun 2024 14:03:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2389748</guid>
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      <title>Scaled Hardware in the Loop Simulation of the Electric Motors of a CVT for Agricultural Tractors</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2250387</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Electrification is a very current topic for all the mobile machinery whose primary source of power is an internal combustion engine; among those the light weight passenger vehicles represent the first field of application of this trend and also the state of the art of the technology. Agriculture is a huge fuel consumer sector and for this reason the tractor industry is now working on electrification, proposing different approaches for different power sizes: the “Battery Electric Vehicle” topology is proposed for small and mid-power size tractors, while for the big ones various hybrid architectures couple the internal combustion engine to electric units. In this paper a reference tractor is considered, endowed with an input coupled hydro-mechanical Continuously Variable Transmission and an alternative compound architecture is proposed, which provides the same performances and it is more suitable for electrification. The latter is modelled in Simcenter Amesim through a lumped parameter approach, focusing on the transmission and its control. The electric motors efficiency is modelled using the maps provided by the manufacturer. The main focus of this work is the construction of an experimental setup consisting of two electric motors test benches that allows to perform scaled tests reproducing the operation of the motors inside the transmission. The experiments' target is to measure the efficiency of the electric motors and the power electronics in real conditions. A comparison between the experimental and simulated data is performed. Additionally, a methodology is investigated to perform hardware in the loop simulations of the electric subsystem of a hybrid transmission. This methodology allows for the evaluation of control strategies related to the power balance of electric motor-generators and their effect on the recoverable energy.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 Sep 2023 16:20:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2250387</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Implementation of Virtual Instrumentation Concept on Tests Rigs</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1817343</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Tractor is used as a farm machine for various agricultural applications and non-agricultural applications. These are like land and soil preparation, harvesting, goods transport vehicle for short distances and also as low cost construction equipment. The usage pattern is scattered and largely depends on type of operation, region, and operator driving habits. Due to larger range of usage pattern, there are many challenges for tractor testing and evaluation. The evaluation process starts with field load data acquisition, followed by development of test load cycles and test facilities to simulate the field load conditions in lab with adequate acceleration.         Traditionally for testing of transmission, hydraulics, brake, clutch, gear shifting mechanism, engine test beds are mechatronics (mechanical and electronics) system. These systems having fix specifications so it's not possible to change the configuration. For new field failure simulation some times it is required to change logic or a specification of the test system, this process is very difficult and time consuming. This leads to more product evaluation time.         To overcome this problem new concept was developed in which all fix specification instruments, switches, devices, electronic controllers etc are converted in to software centered variable specification instruments, switches, devices etc. This will completely eliminate vendor dependency. With this concept it is possible to convert the electro hydraulic systems to electrical system or vice versa. The paper describes the implementation of the virtual instrumentation concept on different test systems like transmission test system, actuator controller, servo hydraulic system, gear shifter, test system, brake test rigs, clutch test rig, PTO testing, engine test beds etc., in detail. Virtual instrumentation based systems incorporate (i) Signal processing, (ii) Mathematical model of each component of the system, (iii) development of graphical user interface panels. (iv) Selection of sampling frequency (v) data acquisition, and (vi) diagnosis. Virtual instrumentation is developed in Labview and integrated with sensors. Salient features of the test rigs include- on line data acquisition, on line data analysis, remote monitoring of the test system, post data analysis, visual and audio alarm activation, in case of limit crossing at any time for all channels and fault identification. With this concept soft servo controller, soft dynamometer controller, soft alarm controller, soft throttle controller, soft SFC meter etc., are successfully developed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Dec 2021 10:33:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1817343</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Merge Ahead: Integrating Heavy Duty Vehicle Networks with Wide Area Network Services</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1431411</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Commercial vehicle operators have many options available to them for managing their assets. Whether in an on-highway fleet, agricultural / off-road, construction, or military, available real-time vehicle information is growing. While accessing this data via applicable Wide Area Networks (WANs) is commonplace, new technologies are just beginning to develop to take advantage of all of the connectivity possibilities to further aid in delivery of goods and services. As an enabler to expanding these fleet management applications, vehicle on-board networks (commonly referred to as “in-vehicle” or simply “vehicle networks”) are expected to support a growing number of vehicle related technological solutions.         This paper provides background on vehicle networks, including key terminology, an introduction to standards based protocols, and critical SAE vehicle network related standards. While an historical view of vehicle network topologies and a rationale for the very first vehicle networks is summarized, growth applications such as fleet management system use of vehicle network data generated is emphasized.                To provide an understanding of the importance of a vehicle network backbone, a comparison to modern local area networks (LANs) is provided, along with the structure of the data packets or Protocol Data Units (PDUs). Next, standards based vehicle networks supporting Heavy Duty vehicles are described to explain information is conveyed. These standard protocols include SAE       J1708       ,       J1587       ,       J1939       ,       J2534       , CAN (ISO 11898), and ATA/TMC RP1210. In order to illustrate how these standard protocols work, this paper provides a detailed overview of SAE       J1939       including the       J1939       -7 and       J1939       -73 standards, as well as Heavy-Duty On Board Diagnostics (HD OB) standard Messaging and Diagnostics that use       J1939       . The paper describes how these protocols and those related with LAN and WAN networks complement each other to provide end-to-end connectivity to support a variety of fleet management applications.             Next, the promise of leveraging integration of vehicle networks with LANs and Wide Area Networks (WANs) is discussed. While the industry has recently begun the implementation of the aforementioned internetworking, future inter-vehicle networking scenarios will be described, along with proposed standards required for implementation.         Finally, the future for vehicle networking is outlined including opportunities for standards development in the area of security, bandwidth allocation, application-specific vehicle network protocols, and emerging WANs.       ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 15 Sep 2017 10:39:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1431411</guid>
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      <title>A 13,000 km Intercontinental Trip with Driverless Vehicles: The VIAC Experiment</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1239071</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In recent years the interest in autonomous vehicles has incrementally increased. After the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Challenges new fields of application as agricultural, construction, mining, and also nautical are continuously opening up. In this paper a huge test is presented, the first of this kind in the history of vehicular robotics, called the VisLab Intercontinental Autonomous Challenge (VIAC) Experiment. A trip from Italy to China with four electric autonomous vehicles will be described focusing on all aspects of the challenge, from the managing issues to the most technical ones. A vehicle-following application (or virtual towing) is the system under test for a three consecutive months and 13,000 km long unique experience.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 Feb 2013 08:53:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1239071</guid>
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      <title>FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONICS HELD INSTITUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, LONDON, NOVEMBER 14-18 1983 (CONTD)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/217754</link>
      <description><![CDATA[(continued from TRIS 396639).  Electronic Ignition with Closed Loop Knock control (Sellner, H-J); A Comparison of Two Strategies for Cylinder Disablement (Newman, DW); Automatic Guidance of Agricultural Field Machines (Harries, GO and Ambler, B); Development of a Micro-processor Controlled Taximeter (Royds, TL); The Development of a True Ground Speed Radar Sensor for Commercial/Agricultural Vehicle Applications (Kopp, KA and Hundival, AK); The Bulk Current Injection Method and Its Application to EMC Testing of Auto Vehicles (Thurlow, M); Some Experiences with EMC Test Procedures (Gibbons, W); EMC ITS Effects to the Motor Industry (Blackmore, K); A Novel Process for Vacuum Fluorescent (VF) Display Drivers (Stewart, D and Nott, R);Semiconductor Packages for the 80's (Bowlby, R); Integrated Circuits Improve Electronic Fuel Injection (Mainardi, R); The Effect of the Introduction of Electronics Packaging into the Automotive Industry (Kingham, TE); A Centralised Control Multiplexed Wiring Harness for Automobiles Using Custom Designed Integrated Circuits (Parish, DJ and Lucas, J); A Car Multiplex Wiring system with Self Coding Control Modules (Robins, RF, Brittain, WJ and Lunt, MR); A Non Multiplexed Microprocessor Based Driver Interface Switching System for Automotive Application (Embrey, DM, Webb, SF and Legg, GJ); The Motorcar Multiplex System (Lowndes, MW and Phillips, Pev). (continued TRIS 396641).  (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Sep 1985 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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