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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Correlation between Public Transport Stop Demand and the Number of People Living in Different Distances in Regions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2724771</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Properly developed public transport infrastructure, a well-organised public transport route network and mixed territorial development contribute to regional development, strengthen the regional labour market and help reduce social exclusion. Mobility issues in sparsely populated areas receive less attention from policy makers and territorial planners than in cities. The accessibility of public transport in sparsely populated and difficult to reach rural areas is less studied. The need for public transport for residents depends not only on the distribution of places of work, education, and leisure of residents, on their transport mobility, but also on public transport infrastructure and the supply of transport. It is ac-cepted that in European cities the average distances to public transport stops are less than 500 m. In re-mote, sparsely populated areas, the distances are much greater. The analysed foreign examples showed that in rural areas the distance varies from 500 m to 4.5 km. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that no consensus has yet been reached on the optimal walking distance to public transport stops that would ensure adequate service accessibility for residents of sparsely populated areas. The purpose aim of this study, based on data from one Lithuanian region (Klaipeda district municipality), is to identify statistically significant distance thresholds that influence public transport use by integrating Geographic Information System (GIS) based spatial population data with passenger demand analysis, thereby cre-ating a data-driven basis for optimizing public transport stop locations in sparsely populated regions. The study was conducted in 4 steps. In the Step 1, a database of stops was prepared, where groups of stops serving the same population were combined. In the Step 2, data on the need for stops were col-lected and the main service distances of stops that will be studied were determined. In the Step 3, the population of residents living at selected distances from specific stops was calculated, thus forming the main database that will be studied in the Step 4. In the Step 4, the level of dependence between stop demand and population was found at different distances. The study showed that the maximum distance at which the dependence remains strong is 1.5 km from the stops. Longer distances do not seem attrac-tive to residents and they no longer consider public transport as an option for making a trip and private vehicles are most often chosen. It has also been found that with smaller distances between stops, the speed of public transport decreases significantly and thus increases travel time for residents who al-ready travel long distances, thus taking up a significant part of their daily journey, and at the same time the correlation between 500 m and 300 m does not have a significant difference. Based on this, it is not recommended to arrange stops more often than every 500 m in rural regions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2026 13:32:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2724771</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Urban Traffic Flow Simulation in Various Weather Conditions Using Long Short-Term Memory-Based Machine Learning</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709292</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study proposes a weather-aware short-term urban traffic prediction framework that combines microscopic traffic simulation with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based Machine Learning (ML) for forecasting vehicle flow at selected urban junctions. The research is motivated by the need to improve traffic-state prediction under varying environmental conditions, since weather disturbances such as rain, fog, and snow significantly affect driverbehaviour, vehicle speed, spacing, and intersection throughput. The simulation environment was developed in the Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) platform using an urban road segment derived from geographic map data and traffic-flow information from the Vilnius city traffic database. 2 monitored junctions were selected as observation points, and traffic behaviour was simulated under 5 weather scenarios: normal conditions, light rain, heavy rain, fog, and snow. Weather-dependent driver parameters, including speed factor, reaction time, acceleration, deceleration, driver imperfection, and minimum gap, were incorporated into the simulation in order to reproduce realistic traffic dynamics. The generated simulation data, including vehicle count, speed, waiting time, temporal features, and encoded weather conditions, were used to train and evaluate multiple LSTM models through an AutoML-based tuning procedure. Among different configurations, the best-performing model consisted of 3 recurrent layers and achieved a validation RMSE of 0.1056 with a validation loss of 0.0652. The results show that the proposed framework is capable of reproducing the general temporal structure of urban traffic flow and preserving the relative ordering of traffic intensity across weather scenarios. Prediction quality was highest under normal conditions, with RMSE of approximately 0.21 veh/min, while the poorest accuracy was observed under snow conditions (about 2.5 veh/min). The model captured dominant traffic trends effectively, although it tended to smooth short-term local oscillations, especially under more unfavourable weather conditions. Overall, the study demonstrates that integrating SUMObased simulation with LSTM forecasting provides an effective and flexible approach for short-term urban traffic prediction under varying meteorological conditions and may support future intelligent traffic management and weather-adaptive mobility applications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2026 16:14:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709292</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Modelling and Optimizing Flights Diversion Due to Destination Airport Closure</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2704044</link>
      <description><![CDATA[With the fast development of civil aviation, large number of flights operate in major airports in rush hour. Extreme natural disasters, terrorism, and incidents may interrupt its normal operation, even lead temporary closure. Abrupt airport outage causes significant flights diverting to alternate airports. In this article, a centralized optimization method is proposed for the management and optimization of widespread flight diversion. Based on the idea of Collaborative Decision-Making (CDM), a linear programming model formulation is developed to assign flights, who are inbound to a temporary closed destination airport in an emergency, to divert to appropriate alternate airports. The objectives are minimizing total diverting time of flights as well as maximizing the expectation to alternate airports for airlines. Incorporating relevant real-world features, flights remaining flying time available and expectation of alternate airports are taken into account from airlines operation perspective. Airport alternate capacity, the category of aircraft could be accepted and the arriving flight slots assigned are considered for alternate airports. In addition, aircraft cruise speed, en-route wind, air traffic congestion and so on is considered. In the case study, it is found that under the given condition of 50 flights and 8 alternate airports, all flights can be accommodated within the remaining flying time, 33 (66%) flights are less 60 min and 48 (98%) flights are less than 120 min. The model solving time expenditure is less than one 2nd. It can meet the emergency condition and prevent a longer decision-making process. Comparing with the objective of the shortest diverting time as literature, the total diverting time is suboptimal but the formulation can get a better expectation of alternate airports for flights, which provides more flexibility of operations in airlines.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2026 16:14:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2704044</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Data-Driven Picking Strategy for Micro Fulfilment Centers in Quick Commerce: The Case of Korea</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2704043</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Quick Commerce (Q-Commerce) allows customers to receive their orders from near Micro Fulfilment Centers (MFCs) in a short time. However, the fulfilment centers are difficult to maintain responsive and reliable delivery services with traditional Single Order Picking (SOP) systems. Motivated by the above challenge, this study develops a hybrid picking method for an order fulfilment center of a Korean delivery company. The hybrid method considers certain rules for order batching to complement a SOP method. The order batching rules enable pickers to deal with 2 customer orders within a specific range of order lines. The order picking development are based on the results of a Warehouse Activity Profiling (WAP) analysis. This analysis shows possible approaches for the development of the hybrid method by considering arrival rates of customer orders and their variability in terms of item type and quantity. Afterwards, the hybrid method is validated with an agent-based simulation model using actual order information of the case study company. This study finds that the hybrid method shows consistent performance in terms of order picking and fulfilment times under wide ranges of order arrival rate and variability.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2026 16:14:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2704043</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Factors Influencing Co2 Emissions in Petrol Passenger Cars: Evidence from Slovakia</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2704042</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The aim of this article is to identify the factors that influence the evolution of CO₂ emissions in gasoline passenger cars. Specifically, the factors that can be obtained during emission measurements at technical inspection stations are analysed. This identification is used to determine the factors obtained by measurements at the technical inspection stations that should be used as a design element for the taxation of petrol road vehicles in order to reduce CO₂ emissions. The underlying source was data recorded by the vehicle technical inspection stations in 2019 and worked with passenger petrol cars of category M1. In total, almost 460000 passenger cars were analysed. 12 factors were used for each car, from which 7 variables were identified through 2 methods (BMA and WALS) as likely to have a statistically significant effect on the magnitude of CO₂ emissions. Subsequently, the effect of each factor was determined by OLS with robust Std. Err. Our results show that the maximum engine power and the latest emission standards can be used as design element for the taxation of gasoline road vehicles, as a positive relationship between the growth of this factor and the magnitude of CO₂ emissions of gasoline vehicles has been demonstrated.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2026 16:14:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2704042</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Novel Hybrid Model for Addressing Uncertainty of the Road Safety Composite Indicator: Integration of Dea and Weighted Gra</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686206</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Creating a composite indicator is a popular concept in evaluating and comparing road safety of territories. While many other approaches are used, most current interest is on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for measuring the relative performance in efficiency terms. Usefulness of DEA, which measure performance in efficiency terms, has already been proven. However, the indicators commonly used to construct a road safety composite index are not always precise and accurate (particularly safety performance indicators), and the results obtained from this type of data does not seem to be solid. So, the main aim of this paper is to represent the novel methodology to effectively evaluate the state of road safety and create a reliable composite index of the selected entities when imprecise data are involved and, to produce reliable composite index under uncertain environment. DEA, the weighting method Fan–Ma, and the Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) were integrated into hybrid methodology to obtain a more realistic and relevant picture of road safety. Applying this hybrid methodology, peculiarity of DEA is retained, scores are further differentiated, and entities are ranked and classified according to the road safety level. A case study was conducted to evaluate and rank municipalities, determine road safety classes and benchmark the territories under study. Results were verified indicating the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed methodology and its superiority to basic DEA as regards the territory ranking.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 13 May 2026 17:01:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686206</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Improving the Efficiency of Using an Electric Scooter in Urban Electromobility</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686205</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The popularity of electric scooters as an individual means of transport results from their availability in the urban sharing system, ease of movement in the city and reduction of driving time compared to other means of passenger transport. The user can choose from a whole range of vehicles with different driving range and equipment with elements increasing the functionality of using the scooter. The article presents a proposal for changes to the design of a typical electric scooter. The main objective of the work is the engineering design of suspension and braking systems, in particular the swing arm suspension of the front and rear wheels and an additional disc brake. Increasing the diameter of the wheels and equipping it with a front and rear suspension system allowed for the reduction of vibrations and shocks transferred to the vehicle when driving on uneven surfaces. The results of analytical calculations confirming the positive effects of the introduced modifications were included. Adding a disc brake allowed for shortening the braking distance from 13.7 to 8.9 m, which has a positive effect on driving safety. A Finite Element Method (FEM) strength analysis was also performed, the results of which confirm the correctness of the new design. The modernized design improved the ride comfort and safety of using the electric scooter.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 13 May 2026 17:01:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686205</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Co-Governance of Online Car-Hailing Operation Based on Passenger Feedback</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686202</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The illegal operation of online car drivers is a recurring issue that has garnered significant societal attention. The literature has investigated this problem primarily from the perspectives of the government, plat­forms, and drivers, while the mechanisms for co-governance among different stakeholders in addressing illegal online car-hailing operations have received limited focus. Additionally, the role of passengers in the online car­hailing process has not been sufficiently explored, leading to a lack of systematic research conclusions and in­herent limitations. To analyse the evolutionary equilibrium strategies of participants under various scenarios and their influencing factors, a tripartite evolutionary game model involving passengers, drivers, and online car-hail­ing platforms was constructed. The decision-making behaviours of these stakeholders were examined through numerical simulation. The results indicate that by strengthening investigations and addressing illegal behaviours, online car-hailing platforms can significantly reduce the likelihood of drivers' illegal operations. Furthermore, in­creasing the amount of guarantee deposits can increase drivers' respect for regulations. Additionally, improving passenger satisfaction can be achieved by increasing compensation for participation in co-governance and in­creasing promotional rewards from platforms, thereby enhancing service quality. Strengthened supervision strat­egies not only boost platforms' social reputation and management efficiency but also create positive incentives for strict supervision through penalty income. This study provides a theoretical foundation for optimizing the supervision of the online car-hailing industry, emphasizing the critical roles of strict supervision, positive incen­tives, and public participation in elevating service standards. The findings enrich the theoretical understanding of online car-hailing market supervision and offer innovative co-governance strategies aimed at fostering the healthy development of the online car-hailing market.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2026 16:56:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686202</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Logistics Operations Management in the Industry 4.0 Era: A Case Study for Transition of an Automotive Company'S Operations to Fourth-Party Logistics Structure</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686201</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In recent years, the understanding of minimum inventory and customer satisfaction in the flow of goods and services from manufacturers to end-users is of great importance among the factors that make businesses more interested in outsourcing logistics activities. Additionally, technological transformation and customer requests for complicated technology and services caused the appearance of new circumstances, which is progressively altering the industry. In this regard, choosing, managing and coordinating between multiple vendors become very difficult and time consuming so, companies outsource more functions while supply chain operations getting more complex. Companies generally preferred 3PL providers for their logistics functions in-cluding packaging design and management of company-owned assets. On the other hand, with technological transformation in logistic sector, businesses are looking to outsource 4PL more than ever. 4PL system transitions are difficult processes since it requires comprehensive system integration and should be well understood by the company's supply chain team. Today, although the importance of 4PL systems is more understood and this struc-ture is becoming more widespread, many companies still face similar adaptation problems. From this point of view, it is believed that this study creates important insights into the business world. In this study, the transition process of an automotive company is examined which successfully completed after a 5-month project period. As a detailed case study, the Transportation Management Module (TTM) is selected since the whole transition process was very comprehensive and included many dimensions. Study revealed that adaptation of the new system, developed by the partnership of the automotive company and 4PL company, provided several benefits. In this sense, with the transition of Transportation Management (TM), TTM is reduced by 2 days, almost 10% savings are reported in the whole company and only in the Turkey branch, 243311 € cost saving is achieved in the 1st year. The study proves that focusing on the core business via outsourcing supply chain activities not only increases efficiency in the selected automotive company but also increases supply chain quality as well.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2026 16:56:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686201</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Modelling Solutions for Cost Optimization in Multimodal Transports Considering the Operational Risk Variables</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686200</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The general risk assessment usually has the potential of setting a viable ground for pursuing a complex mathematical model based on an objective function, defined by several variables and constraints, which can be further applied for the specific analysis of multimodal transport. In order to assess the operational risks in multimodal transports, the authors have formulated an objective function with the aim of minimizes the sum of total cost of transportation on route components depending on the risk variables, respectively for road, maritime and railway subsystems of multimodal transport, in different combinatorial perspectives. The main objective of this study is to provide a method to value the overall risk assessment based on the defined objective function, considering both the variables that may influence the cost effectiveness and the relevant probabilities for each route component of multimodal transport. In this perspective, the authors have sought to provide practical solutions for decision-making process in multimodal routing, to optimize the costs on different routes and to contribute for decision-making process in routing and transports mode selection. The main contribution is residing from the novelty of decision-making process approach, considering the risk variables in different combination, facile to be applied professional in multimodal transportation in routing process, when risks are to be considered as significant for process reliability.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2026 16:56:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686200</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Assessing Sustainability in Bri Railway Projects with a Novel Integrated Fuzzy Methodology</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686198</link>
      <description><![CDATA[China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and South–South cooperation have received universal concern over sovereignty and debt issue, despite their goal to promote development. In Africa, the rapid expansion of Chinese-funded railway projects has overtaken the development of systematic methods for evaluating sustain­ability, producing a serious gap in decision-making. To address this challenge, this study proposes an integrated methodological approach, i.e., Delphi, PIvot Pairwise RElative Criteria Importance Assessment (PIPRECIA), Loga­rithmic Percentage Change-Driven Objective Weighting (LOPCOW), and Evaluation Based on Distance from Av­erage Solution (EDAS) methods within the p, q Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Sets (p, q ROFSs) to assess sustainability performance under high uncertainty. The findings indicate that trade facilitation, job creation, debt sustainability, accessibility and connectivity, and safety and security are the most significant criteria for sustainability. Among the projects assessed, the Nairobi – Mombasa Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) project exhibits greatest sustain­ability performance, followed by the Addis Ababa – Djibouti railway while others indicated weakened outcomes because of restricted freight integration. These findings recommend that future projects should prioritize power­ful trade and freight connections, guarantee employment creation and skills transfer, and implementing financ­ing models that safeguard debt sustainability. In doing so, policymakers, managers, and planners can reinforce regional integration, improve the long-term socio-economic advantages, and obtain the operational and financial viability of extensive railway investments in Africa.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2026 16:56:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686198</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Multi-Bus-Line Joint Operation Strategy of Optimizing Bus Speed and Intersection Signal Priority to Minimize Passengers Waiting Time</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686199</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The rapid increase in the number of vehicles reduces the efficiency of transportation networks in modern big cities. Thus, minimizing passengers waiting time by bus has become an inevitable approach. Through intelligent bus systems and Dedicated Bus Lanes (DBLs), jointly optimizing bus speed and intersection signal priority has become a feasible research objective for multi-bus-lines. Moreover, the length of Beijing (China) DBLs will be 1020 km in 2022. Considering the requirements of the Beijing Bus Group, a problem model is formulated, including multi-bus-lines, time-varying passenger flow, bus-speed-control only on DBLs, and intersection signal control. In this study, the real-time framework of the multi-bus-line joint operation strategy with the Transformable Salp Swarm Algorithm (TSSA) is proposed. Moreover, the small optimization interval effectively reduces the impact of bus-speed-control inaccuracy and the errors between the joint optimization scheme and actual operation states. In the real-time framework, only the speed of the bus traveling on DBLs could be guided in the form of real-number speed, and this bus-speed scheme is safe. Additionally, the strategy could compensate for the travel time in the non-priority direction after buses pass through intersections, and this is effective to avoid traffic congestion. As the online optimization algorithm, TSSA simulates the grouping activity of salp swarms. Based on actual data from Beijing Bus Group, 6 test problems are constructed, and the joint operation strategy outperforms others.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2026 16:56:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686199</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Extended Security Control and Delay Propagation in Air Cargo Transport Operations: Implications for Supply Chain Continuity</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686204</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Prior research on security controls in air cargo terminals has primarily focused on protecting passengers, crews, and airport infrastructure, while largely overlooking the maintenance of supply chain continuity. The present study addresses this gap by analysing how the configuration, spatial placement, and scheduling of screening procedures affect the stability of cargo flows, as well as the incidence and propagation of delays in air freight operations. Evidence was collected at 2 terminals – a regional facility in southern Poland and a large international terminal in southern Europe, which enabled a comparative assessment that accounts for organisational and structural differences. The analysis mapped screening procedures onto the operational timeline of cargo-handling. Standard screening consisted of radiographic inspection of palletised consignments using an X-ray system. A negative result triggered an extended screening path comprising, in sequence, canine inspection, chemical screening using reactive swabs, and manual inspection of the load unit after opening by a qualified specialist. The total delay was computed as the sum of the times associated with the additional screening steps and the waiting time for the substitute uplift. Findings for 2022–2024 indicate pronounced differences between terminals in both the scale and effectiveness of controls. At the regional terminal, 3…6% of shipments were rout-ed to extended screening, the average duration of additional actions was 1…2 h, and the final delay was 14…20 h. At the international terminal, the corresponding values were 12…15%, 5…7 h, and 84…95 h. The most significant delays were generated by procedures requiring external specialists, such as crate-opening technicians, and by the organisation of replacement transport. Where specialist support was provided periodically, the waiting time for inspection could reach up to 7 days, whereas smaller facilities operated with near-immediate response times. Based on these results, several operational improvements are indicated. Recommended actions include maintaining specialists on-call, issuing immediate notifications of adverse X-ray outcomes to planning teams, and selectively automating repetitive steps. Implementing these measures is expected to reduce inspection-related delays, improve on-time delivery performance, and enhance the resilience of air cargo supply chains.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2026 16:56:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686204</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Location of Urban Logistics Distribution Centers Considering Cargo Transportation Services of a Public Transportation System</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686203</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Urban logistics distribution accounts for a large proportion of CO₂ emissions generated by urban transportation. Reducing CO₂ emissions in the process of logistics distribution is one of the urgent urban problems to be solved. This article investigates the location of urban logistics distribution centers considering cargo transportation services of a public transportation system. Considering one or several bus lines for representing a public transportation system, several collaborative distribution scenarios are studied, and 2 mixed integer linear programming models are established to explore the impact of the public transportation system on the location of distribution centers in urban logistics. Numerical experiments show the influence of different bus lines on the location of distribution centers, collaborative distribution and truck carbon emissions in Dalian (China). In any case, the possibility of establishing distribution centers in blocks 5 and 42 of Dalian is very high. When bus lines are used, the highest bus line utilization can reach 47.83%, and the CO₂ emission can be reduced by up to 36.3%. In terms of different bus lines, line 2002 is more suitable to participate in the collaborative distribution in Dalian compared with other bus lines.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2026 16:56:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686203</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Approach to Optimization of the Structure of the Repair Process of Aviation Radio Equipment</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2646838</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Operation System (OS) of Aviation Radio Equipment (ARE) includes such elements as equipment, organizational structure, processes, documentation, personnel, measuring equipment, consumables and information resources, and others. When considering the problems of primary design and modernization of OSs, a large number of problems arise that can be solved with the help of intelligent decision support systems. During the operation of ARE, significant material resources are consumed, the amount of which is usually random. Therefore, during design, one of the main tasks is to ensure the minimum costs. This article considers the task of cost optimization within the organizational structure of the repair process. At the same time, the article provides analytical equations that allow to calculate and estimate operational costs for a given organizational structure, tariffs for repair and delivery of equipment components, and failure flow parameters. Attention is also paid to the task of rationalizing the organizational structure of the repair process, taking into account the efficiency of the decision-making procedures depending on the failure type (simple or complex). In addition, the article considers an example of several scenarios for the possible placement of repair enterprises in the airports of Ukraine during the post-war reconstruction period.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2026 14:59:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2646838</guid>
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