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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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      <title>Sailing towards sustainability: The effect of Marine Economic Development Demonstration Zones on corporate green investment</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2673483</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper uses the establishment of Marine Economic Development Demonstration Zones (MEDDZs) as a quasi-natural experiment and applies the DID method to investigate the impact of this policy on corporate green investment in China. This paper finds that the establishment of MEDDZs can promote corporate green investment, through expanding exports, strengthening environmental regulations, and alleviating financing constraints. Green finance and digital infrastructure amplify this effect. Moreover, this effect is more pronounced in non-state-owned and heavy-polluting enterprises. This study helps to understand how to pursue green transformation while expanding marine economy and provides guidance for designing and evaluating marine policies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jun 2026 09:02:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2673483</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Vehicle design responses to attribute-based regulation with capped tradable credits</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2689463</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper studies how battery electric vehicle automakers responded to the 2021 revision of China’s Dual-Credit policy. Using a difference-in-differences design and model-level data from 2018 to 2024, we show that the revised credit rules led automakers to increase vehicle curb weight through larger batteries and higher horsepower, without corresponding improvements in driving range. These design changes increased electricity consumption and partially offset the policy’s intended environmental benefits. The findings suggest that combining attribute-based regulation with tradable credits can distort automakers’ design choices and undermine energy efficiency.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2026 16:15:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2689463</guid>
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      <title>Quality trade and transportation costs</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2620795</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study investigates quality trade using a declaration level customs dataset from 2014 to 2020. We find that high quality products tend to be traded with higher per-unit freight costs, lower ad valorem tariff rates, and with countries with higher GDP per capita, even after controlling firm-specific and product-specific time-invariant factors.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Feb 2026 13:12:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2620795</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Inflation in transit: The freight–PPI connection</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2617269</link>
      <description><![CDATA[We examine the impact of shipping costs on the euro area producer price index, accounting for both commodities that are shipped in bulk via the use of the Baltic Dry Index, and goods that are shipped in containerships via the use of the Containership Time Charter Index. The estimates, using a Vector Error Correction Model, suggest the existence of an economically meaningful impact from shipping freight rates to manufacturer producer prices, with the effect being more pronounced for containership freight rates (approximately 0.1% per 1% increase in freight rates).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 08:53:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2617269</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The Effect of Transportation Costs on Elderly Labor Market Participation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2583059</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study investigates the impact of the repeal of free public transportation on elderly labor market participation. The research leverages a natural experiment from the termination of free transportation for individuals aged 60 to 64 in Porto Alegre, Brazil, using microdata from the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNADC) and the Difference-in-Differences (DiD) method. The results indicate that the repeal of free transportation reduced the labor supply of this age group. Dynamic analysis and falsification tests confirm the robustness of the findings. The study concludes that transportation costs play a crucial role in the elderly labor market participation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Sep 2025 08:49:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2583059</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Is mobility a good proxy for consumption?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2569930</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper investigates the relationship between mobility and consumer expenditure using a longitudinal dataset of local-level transactions in the United Kingdom. It distinguishes between online and in-store spending and employs fixed effects models covering the period from February 2020 to March 2022. The analysis finds that retail and recreational mobility consistently serve as reliable proxies for in-store spending, while there is limited evidence of a correlation between online spending and mobility. These findings suggest that mobility data can serve as a valuable proxy for consumer activity in countries lacking high-frequency consumption data.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jul 2025 19:49:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2569930</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A note on how demand uncertainty matters for emissions regulation in energy markets</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2569934</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The author quantitatively assess the dynamic implications of uncertainty about future demand for relative welfare consequences of carbon taxes and cap-and-trade regulation within the context of the U.S. electricity sector. Over a wide range of policy-relevant abatement targets, carbon taxes outperform cap-and-trade in terms of welfare implications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jul 2025 19:48:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2569934</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Growing electric vehicle adoption in the U.S.: Implications of different funding policies for infrastructure maintenance and tax burden on families</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2543710</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Increased demand for electric vehicles threatens a major source of revenue for maintaining roads and further shifts the burden of the tax toward consumers who can't afford expensive electric vehicles. This paper explores alternative tax policies, assessing their relative regressivity.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 May 2025 15:54:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2543710</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>De-policing and Fatal Traffic Crashes</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2522218</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Traffic stops by the police have declined significantly in recent years in the United States, especially after 2020. It has been hypothesized that this trend could either be a lingering effect of the pandemic or a response to the increased levels of public attention to police abuse determined by several recent highly publicized killings of African Americans. Over the same period, the country experienced a significant increase in fatal traffic crashes. This paper aims to establish a direct link between de-policing and the increase in fatal traffic crashes over the past decade. To this aim, the authors employ an identification strategy used in the earlier literature to establish a causal relationship between highly publicized police killings and de-policing. The authors' analysis elicits an impact of de-policing on fatal traffic crashes around the time of the first instances of such high-profile police killings from 2014, and then a much larger effect after 2020.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Apr 2025 15:51:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2522218</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Endowment, market potential, and spatial dynamics of industrial locations: Evidence from global shipbuilding</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2512665</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The authors compile a novel panel dataset of ship orders across 30 countries from 1896 to 2020 to examine the evolution of the global shipbuilding industry across time and space. The authors document a transition in the shipbuilding production location from European countries to Asian countries over the sample period. The authors further apply a panel error-correction model (ECM) to show that both relative capital endowment and market potential account for this transition in the long run, while market potential exerts a more significant influence on ship production in the short run.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 19 Mar 2025 10:12:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2512665</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The vehicle value externality</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2499516</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper introduces the vehicle value externality as a previously unacknowledged cost of car traffic. Unlike established externalities such as emissions or congestion, the vehicle value externality arises from the impact of vehicle value on accident damages. By developing a model linking insurance premiums to this externality and applying it to German car traffic data, the authors estimate the annual aggregate cost at 10 billion euros in 2021.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Feb 2025 17:08:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2499516</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Airline industry equities under external uncertainty shocks</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2438115</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The authors gauge the impact of news and other relevant external uncertainties facing airline firms via an equity market lens. Using local projections, the authors establish that rising investors’ fear shocks have long-lasting negative effects on airline industry equity returns, while increasing geopolitical, climate policy, and fuel cost uncertainties have comparatively short-lived impacts. The authors' results are robust to several alternative model specifications, including a pre-pandemic subsample. Based on their findings, the authors provide a promising avenue for future research in airline financial management.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Oct 2024 09:15:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2438115</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Are fuel taxes redundant when an emission tax is introduced for life-cycle emissions?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2402540</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study examines the optimal combination of emission and fuel taxes for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in a monopoly market. Greenhouse gases are emitted during both production and consumption stages (life-cycle emissions). The authors present a case in which a government should impose an additional strictly positive fuel tax, even when an optimal emission tax is introduced: the case of a producer selecting fuel efficiency endogenously. Remarkably, the unit cost of fuel should be larger than the marginal social cost of fuel. The results imply that a government may maintain fuel taxes even after introducing an effective emission tax and be able to construct a socially desirable tax structure by using existing taxes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 22 Aug 2024 15:11:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2402540</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Toward sustainable cities: Where the electric vehicle users reside matters</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2321953</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper investigates how different location patterns of electric vehicle (EV) users affect the outcomes of an urban-space economy. In a linear city where firms and residents compete for land, I show that the location patterns of EV users exert significant impact on traffic pollution externalities and urban land rent revenues. In particular, the urban spatial structure with EV users residing in the suburbs (instead of the center) is associated with a better urban environment and higher land rent revenues. From society’s point of view, the increased land rents may be levied by governments to subsidize suburban residents in buying EVs or to invest in building charging stations, achieving higher efficiency.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Jan 2024 10:02:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2321953</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The effect of subways on firm-level productivity</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2321948</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The literature has extensively studied the impact of inter-city transportation infrastructure on firm production. However, the effect of intra-city transportation infrastructure on firm production remains unclear. In this study, the authors investigate the impact of subway station openings on the productivity of firms by using a difference-in-differences (DID) model. The authors' results suggest a positive impact of subway station openings on the productivity of firms. After excluding the influence of subsidiaries on the results, the authors find that this effect remains significant. The authors find evidence that firms with a more educated workforce benefit more from the proximity to a subway, and that labor productivity is enhanced for firms located close to subways.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Jan 2024 10:02:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2321948</guid>
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